The study examines South Africa's implementation of the APRM's Socio-Economic Development (SED) theme from 2003 to 2018. These negative consequences were found to seriously undermine South Africa's socio-economic development efforts between 2003 and 2018.
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction and background of the study
- Problem Statement
- Aim
- Objectives
- Research Questions
- Significance of the Study
- Chapter Outline
- Summary of the Chapter
What factors shaped the outcomes of APRM's implementation of the SED principle for South Africa during the period under study. What policy reform proposals are needed to enhance positive outcomes in the implementation of APRM's SED theme in South Africa.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
This chapter includes a literature review section related to the topic under study. Mcmenamin describes the literature review as a process of elimination, extraction of a wide range of literature to the bottom of a particular research project.
Concept of Peer Review
2008. The African Peer Review Mechanism and Human Rights: Early Assessments and the Way Forward. Human Rights Quarterly. Race and economic inequality in South Africa today. The American Journal of Arts And Sciences, 130(1):52.
There are five stages of APRM
- Stage one
- Stage two
- Stage three
- Stage four
- Stage five
The APRM Review Process
- Self Assessment
- Country Review Mission
- Country Review Report
The main purpose of the Mission is to learn about different stakeholder perspectives on governance in the country, to clarify the issues mentioned in the public document that are not addressed in the country's preliminary Action Program and to establish agreement on how these issues can be addressed. (Killander, 2008:50). Apparent factual errors in the review report may be corrected, but there are no additional changes to the Panel's report, which is submitted to the Forum with the government's comments and the final Action Program.
Institutions of the APRM
- Committee of Heads of State and Government (APR Forum)
- Panel of Eminent Persons (APR Panel)
- APR Secretariat in Midrand South Africa
- The Country Review Team (APR Team)
- The APR Partner institutions
Teams are appointed in the country for the duration of the country review visit, which usually lasts two to three weeks. When discussing the country report, the APR partner institutions can also participate in the meetings of the APR Committee or the APR Forum.
South African Review
- South Africa’s country’s self evaluation process
- The APRM Country Support Mission
- Overview of the country self assessment report
According to the draft report, exploitation in the public sector is a recurring theme in most submissions on these topics. The continental APRM organizations, upon receipt of the CSAR, sent a national review mission to South Africa to conduct an independent screening procedure of the CSAR results.
Weakness of the South African APRM process
South Africa’s SED precepts
It is for these reasons that African countries still suffer from a lack of socio-economic development. The study by Stifung (2018:19) presented a detailed account of the high unemployment rate, poverty and weak primary and secondary education system, but overlooked other socio-economic challenges, such as lack of access to water, as there are still are always people who have to walk a lot. kilometers to fetch water. Du Toit and Neves (2007:11) also presented a study of socio-economic challenges in the country, with special emphasis on poverty as the main factor undermining socio-economic development.
Gumede's (2016:7) study on socio-economic transformation in South Africa placed a lot of emphasis on education, poverty and the high unemployment rate. In 2007 there was renewed insistence that employment should be at the center of a new economic strategy. The unemployment problem has deep roots in the apartheid misadministration of access to assets and skills (Butler and both former President Mbeki and Zuma also referred to the same thing; that South Africa's economy and its unemployment challenges are somewhat shaped by the legacy of apartheid and colonialism , therefore it cannot be removed in one decade (Mariotti & Fourie, 2014).
Challenges of the APRM
Following the issuance of the APRM Country Review Report for that country by the APRM prominent individuals, this review was carried out. The role of prominent members of the ruling party and high-ranking government officials in inciting ethnic violence was highlighted by the APRM's leading personalities. However, the APRM made no attempt to mediate or reconcile as the national report requested (Obonye, 2012:447).
The issue of funding the APRM is a major challenge, some member states are resource-poor to implement NPoA. It is equally worrying that most of the APRM member states do not adhere to the specified timelines for reporting on the progress made in implementing their NPoA (Jiboku, 2016:63).
Achievements of APRM
Research gap
Theoretical Framework
The economic benefits of the state should be managed discreetly to sustainably improve the quality of life of all communities (Ekedayo, 2017). The theory encourages the ability to distribute valuables among the stakeholders, which also refers to eradicating mismanagement and initiating good governance through representative government procedures and social contract so that members of the society do not encounter impediments. the various representatives of political institutions that serve as catalysts for the advancement of the population, especially the peripheral and impoverished citizens (Singhet al, 2009). The theory resonates with the research, as its proponents favor tackling corruption and improving socio-economic development to improve citizens' lives.
As a result, between 2003 and 2018, various policies were introduced in South Africa to address socio-economic challenges. In essence, the theory of good governance adopted in this study skilfully interrogates and explains the factors or variables that shape the outcomes of the implementation of policies approved under the Mbeki and Zuma administrations to address the SED APRM theme.
Summary of the chapter
Applying this theory to the political landscape of South Africa, it can be inferred that good governance is not practiced in the country, given the current status quo of lack of accountability, persistent socio-economic challenges from the ruling party, the spread of corruption and recurring inequitable distribution of resources, to name a few.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research methodology
Research orientation
Research Method
Method of Data collection
- Secondary data
- Primary Data
Mail and telephonic interviews
- Strengths and Weaknesses of mail and telephonic interviews
Sampling and Population
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
Sampling Technique
Sampling Method
Data Analysis
- Advantages of data analysis
- Disadvantages of data analysis
Ethical Consideration
Limitation of the Study
Summary of the Chapter
DATA ANALYSIS
Presentation of data and data analysis
The fundamental purpose of using secondary data is to back up the primary data with the data already in the public domain so that the researcher can come to a reliable conclusion. However, the study by Serame (2011:32) states that a researcher can draw a valid and reliable conclusion if a response rate of 70% is achieved.
Characteristics of Research Sample-Frame
Data analysis and presentation
Presentation of themes and categories of findings
Themes
RQ. What policies were implemented in South Africa between 2003 and 2018 in line with the
The Mbeki regime saw the birth of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) which focused solely on uplifting black people by driving economic transformation and enabling them to participate in the country's economy. No, in the context of the ANC regimes, their main difference was the focus when it came to policy implementation, which also reflected capacity. However, the two leaders and their respective administrations should be seen as different phases or episodes of the ANC's long history as the party struggles to position South Africa relative to the continent in the post-apartheid period.
According to P5 (2021), government policies are successful in the pursuit of socio-economic development. Bernstein (2014) also noted that the relationship between economic growth and employment growth in a country continues to deteriorate over time.
RQ. What factors shaped the implementation outcomes of the APRM's SED precept of South
Would you kindly elaborate on how the APRM has advanced governance and democracy in South Africa. South Africa does not take the APRM as an important apparatus that can reform its governance, and does not even implement the early warnings from the APRM. P1, P2, P3 and P6 (2021) are of the opinion that South Africa has not committed to the APRM, while P5 feels that the APRM has created a space for engagement between the government and the people.
Assertions P1, P2, P3 and P6 (2021) directly align with the work of the scholars mentioned above, South Africa is ineffective in managing APRM processes. RQ. What policy reform proposals are desired to enhance positive outcomes in the implementation of the SED APRM theme in South Africa.
RQ.Which policy reform proposals are desirable to enhance positive outcomes in the
In the opinion of P1 and P5 (2021), the slow rate of employment undermined the outcomes of both leaders. According to the National Minimum Wage for South Africa (2016:7), it is women who are most vulnerable to unemployment, earn the lowest wages in the most vulnerable sectors and who also dominate care work and unpaid sectors. According to P1 and P5 (2021), there is an urgent need to further invest in the deep rural areas.
These sectors are sorely lacking in promoting South African governments' socio-economic development as their contributions to this end are not measurable. Good governance has proven to be a critical challenge in the face of socio-economic constraints in South Africa.
SECONDARY DATA
- Health
- Unemployment
- Education
- Welfare
Nevertheless, all provinces have seen an increase in the number of people living with HIV. The main rationale behind the wide degree of youth unemployment is the gradual rate of employment invention in the country. National Minimum Wage for South Africa (2016:52) claims that youth in South Africa are seen as particularly at risk in the labor markets.
Broekhuizen (2016:2) states that graduate unemployment is likely to become a major conundrum in the country if not tackled. A fundamental weakness of this report is that it failed to acknowledge the challenges facing the education sector.
Summary of the Chapter
P3 (2021) is of the view that Mbeki's regime was dominated by his perspective on the issue of HIV and AIDS. Ndlovu and Strydom (2016:2) are of the view that the HIV and AIDS treatment barrier encountered in the middle of the Mbeki era was due to financial inadequacy and not political intransigence as many people believed. Ndlovu and Strydom (2010) further argued that anti-retroviral therapy did not begin during Zuma's presidency, but rather under Mbeki's in 2004, and that it was a product of Mbeki's vision for which he should be credited.
It is worth noting that Ndlovu and Strydom's excellent work is pro-Mbeki as they supported his policies. Furthermore, Ndlovu and Strydom's (2016) work is rather silent on the fact that then-President Mbeki publicly stated that AIDS was a Western disease, that alarmist reports reflected racist stereotypes about African sexuality, and that retrovirals were potentially toxic (Blackwell, 2016:161).
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
- Research findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
- Introduction
- Research Findings
- Recommendations
- Conclusion
The study analyzed South Africa's APRM socio-economic development thematic area implementation outcomes from 2003 to 2018. Load power and the energy security of Republic of South Africa. Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association. Challenges of quality improvement in the health care of post-Apartheid South Africa: A critical view.
2007. In search of South Africa's second economy: chronic poverty, vulnerability and adverse integration in MT. The education crisis in South Africa: the quality of education in South Africa Johannesburg, Center for Development and Entrepreneurship.
