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Behaviour 1 Graduate School for Business Leadership e-mail address
34; Conceptualizing and Measuring Ethical Work Climate: Development and Validation of the Ethical Climate Index", Business & Society, 2010. A solution was found with three ethical climate types (as opposed to the initial nine and later five type typology). The results could used as a basis for future studies, as well as for ethical climate measurement in the South African context.
The shared perceptions of this behavior, related to what is considered ethically correct behavior within the specific context (organization), are collectively referred to as the organization's ethical climate. Although ethical climate is a well-researched construct and instrument, no African and specifically South African studies on this topic could be found. This is especially important since Shacklock et al. 2011) indicates that 2diversity in patterns of ethical climate dimensions across.
Previous research in different contexts has resulted in nine, six, five, four and three climate typologies, which indicate the variability in the conceptualization of an ethical climate. 8provide a conceptual understanding of the construct 'ethical climate' and ethical climate measurement through a literature review, and secondly develop a South African specific typology of ethical climate through exploratory factor analysis and other related statistical techniques. Finally, recommendations have been made regarding the measurement of the ethical climate in South Africa and for future research.
They also believe that an ethical climate is created when members believe certain forms of ethics. Their view corresponds to the definition of the ethical climate of Rasmussen, Malloy and Agarwal (2003). DeConinck argues that the ethical climate is related to the perception of right or wrong present in the world.
For the purpose of this article, it is suggested that their definition be used as the overall definition of ethical climate. MEASURING ETHICAL CLIMATE (ECQ) There are several instruments to measure ethical climate, which is considered an important aspect in the management of ethics in organizations. Ethical climate in this study was measured with the EKQ, which is based on Victor and Cullen's theoretical typology of ethical.
Arnaud (2010) stated that the ECQ is used in 75% of all empirical studies related to ethics. Law or professional codes (9;10;11) Ethical criteria (based on 3Kohlberg's theory of moral development) include egoism, benevolence. Benevolence refers to the desire to maximize not only one's own interest but also that of others, meaning that it maximizes the common interest.
An empirical study of the items comprising the ECQ identified six ethical climate types (Victor & Cullen, 1987). Using another sample on an upgraded version of the ECQ, 47Victor and Cullen (1988) identified five types of climates, namely, concern, marriage. Below is a brief description of the five climates with examples of typical elements associated with the respective types: i.
The rationale for selecting the abbreviated version of the ECQ (26 items instead of the 36 item format) was based on Fritzsche's (2000) claim that the 26 item format provided more factors (ethical climate types) that are interpretable without losing the quality of the climate. the essence of. The research reported in this article was part of a larger ethical research focus, consisting of the primary investigator (the author) and 21 students completing their research reports for the Master's in Business Leadership (MBL) degree at the University of Amsterdam. The characteristics of the participants in terms of the three relevant demographic variables, namely sector, race and gender,9 are presented in Table 2.
54 the number of variables (factors) to be retained was based on the Kaiser criterion. eigenvalue of 1 or more), along with the scree plot (with specific reference to the shape of the curve) and finally PCA Monte Carlo for parallel analysis. Guarino (2013) 1is that the number of respondents should not be less than. 2010) consider five items to survey as the lower limit. 2013) show that the decision to discontinue.
- TABLE 6: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EXTRACTED FACTORS F1 F2 F3 46 F1
- ECQ14 ECQ15 2 Successful people in this organisation go by the book. 3.20
- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, CRONBACH‟S ALPHA COEFFICIENT OF THE THREE FACTORS OF THE ECQ Range Minimum Maximum Mean SD Skewness Kurtosis α F1
The only item that fell outside the original 3x3 matrix. typology is item 1522, “The major responsibility of people in this organization is to. control costs”, originally listed under Efficiency 36 by Victor and Cullen. However, the results of the exploratory factor analysis allocated it under Company Profit, and at face value it belongs under the new factor Instrumental. 1 descriptive statistics as well as the internal consistency of each of the factors. ethical climate types) 1as assessed by coefficient alpha is shown in Table 8.
F1 and F3 (instrumental and personal morale) reported a negative value on the skewness scale, with skewness values ranging between -0.93 and 0.22, 1 which is an indication that the distribution has relatively. Instrumental and F3 = Personal Morale From Table 9 it is clear that the largest type of ethical climate (in terms of its composition in the original five 39climates as defined by Victor and. He therefore supports the notion that the three factors are equivalent across sectors, because the factor loadings of the items on the latent factors are invariant.
ECQ) 1 based on literature and previous studies by Victor and Cullen was validated and adapted to the South African context. The type of institutionalized ethics climate (ethical work environment) is defined as a work environment with clearly defined and institutionalized ethics, where employees and management are genuinely interested in each other's well-being, as well as the well-being of all stakeholders and customers, where all organizational (and individual) behavior adheres strictly to their professional codes of practice and governance through disciplined and consistent adherence to organizational rules and mandates in order to be efficient. The second type of ethical climate is Instrumental and relates 2 to the degree to which.
Because the ethical criterion is solely selfishness, this type of ethical climate relates to the maximization of self-interest (for individuals) financial interests (for the organization), where the decision-maker seeks alternatives with consequences that best satisfy. As the sites of analysis are collectively individual and local, it is considered a combined ethical climate type between self-interest and corporate profit for private organizations and organizational interest for the public sector. The final ethical climate type is personal morality, which refers to the degree to which employees are expected to be guided.
The 3 personal ethical beliefs and standards, to which this ethical climate type
Many definitions of ethical climate were analyzed, but because ECQ is based on the definition and conceptualization of ethical.
The initial nine typology of ethical climate type (Victor & Cullen, 1987) which was followed by the five type typology (Victor & Cullen, 1988) was used as a reference point for the structure, naming and definition of the newly developed types. Another significant finding of this study is that structural (constructive) equivalence exists if this newly developed ethical climate typology is compared between the private and public sectors. The results of this study should be further analyzed with the possible addition of the effect of membership in specific demographic groups, the determination of the consequences of the types of ethical climate on organizational and individual behavior and the determination of.
Construct validity can also be analyzed by comparing the ECQ, and especially this newly developed typology, with other ethical climate instruments. ECQ opens opportunities for ethical climate research in Africa to create a continental typology of ethical climates. Making ethical climate a key management topic: A review, critique, and prescription for empirical research on ethical climate.
