Relationship between physical activity and markers of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents: the PAHL study. First, what is the prevalence of MetS in adolescents residing in Tlokwe Municipality, North West Province.
Summary 84
LIST OF TABLES
TABLES
TABLES
TABLES
FIGURES
FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Problem statement
- Objectives
- Hypotheses
- Structure of the dissertation
Prevalence of MetS according to IDF and NCEP/ATP III criteria in adolescents residing in Tlokwe Municipality of North-West Province. Relationship between PA levels and markers of adolescent MetS in Tlokwe Municipality of North-West Province.
Physical activity and sedentary behavior in an ethnically diverse group of South African schoolchildren. The influence of physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome and vascular function in adolescents: a narrative review.
LITERATURE REVIEW: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENTS
- Introduction
- Physical activity
- Trends in physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour
- Determining physical activity levels
- The health consequences of physical inactivity
- Metabolic syndrome
- Pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome
- Markers of metabolic syndrome
- Diagnosis criteria and cut-off points for metabolic syndrome
- The prevalence of metabolic syndrome
- Management of the metabolic syndrome
- The impact of physical activity on markers metabolic syndrome .1 Overweight and obesity
- Insulin resistance
- Blood pressure
- Dyslipidaemia
- Total prevalence of the metabolic syndrome
- Summary
In Mpumalanga youth, boys spent significantly more time in MVPA compared to girls (median of 60 in girls vs. 360 in boys) (Micklesfield et al., 2014:8). Similarly, a study of young people in the USA found a poor correlation between PA and MetS (Casazza et al., 2009:9).
Differential impact of diet and physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome in a multiethnic sample of children. 2013. Objectively measured physical activity levels of children and youth in rural South Africa: High amount of low intensity physical activity. Health-related fitness, body composition and physical activity status among young students: the PAHL study.
Physical activity in overweight and obese adolescents: Systematic review of the effects on physical fitness components and cardiovascular risk factors. Results of Kenya's 2014 report card on the physical activity and body weight of children and youth. 2010a. The influence of physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome and vascular function in adolescents: a narrative review.
The impact of a 10-week physical activity intervention program on selective metabolic syndrome markers in black adolescents. PREVALENCE OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN SOUTH AFRICAN ADOLESCENTS BY IDF AND NCP/ATP III.
PREVALENCE OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN SOUTH AFRICAN ADOLESCENTS ACCORDING TO IDF AND NCP/ATP III
Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Trial Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria in adolescents. MetS is prevalent in 2.3% of participants according to IDF criteria and 5.6% according to NCEP/ATP III criteria. Even when NCEP/ATP III criteria are applied, most risk factors are higher in men.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the MetS in adolescents living in the Tlokwe Municipality of the North West Province, South Africa. Regardless of the discrepancy between the criteria, the prevalence of MetS in the present study remains high, and as such paints a worrying picture for these adolescents. Future studies should determine the prevalence using a larger sample size that is representative of the adolescents in the Tlokwe Municipality or the North West Province.
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is 2.5% and 5.6% in adolescents living in Tlokwe Municipality in Northwest Province when applying the IDF and NCEP/ATP III criteria, respectively. Metabolic syndrome in 10-16 year old students from the Western Cape, South Africa: comparison of the NCEP ATP III and IDF criteria. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and the determination of the optimal cut-off points for waist circumference in a rural South African community.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in South African youth according to IDF and NCP/ATP III criteria: the PAHL study.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Summary
- Conclusions
- A high prevalence of MetS will be present in adolescents residing in the Tlokwe Municipality of the North West Province
- Hypothesis 2: There will be a significant inverse relationship between PA levels and MetS markers of adolescents residing in the Tlokwe Municipality of the North West Province
- Limitations and Recommendations
- Future studies
In the first article, Chapter 3, titled “The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in South African adolescents by the IDF and NCEP/ATP III criteria: the PAHL study”, the prevalence of MetS in adolescents in the municipality of Tlokwe determined in Potchefstroom. . The results of the study indicated that the prevalence of MetS in adolescents is 2.3% by IDF criteria and 5.6% by NCEP/ATP III. In Chapter 1, two questions were asked: First, what is the prevalence of MetS among adolescents living in Tlokwe Municipality in North West Province.
Second, what is the relationship between PA levels and MetS markers in adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality, North West Province. A high prevalence of MetS was found in adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality, North West Province, with a large number of adolescents having two or more risk factors. However, the findings suggest a trend in the prevalence of MetS in South African adolescents living in the Tlokwe municipality area.
2010. Prevalence of pregnancy, overweight and obesity, and risk of metabolic disease in rural South African children. Obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. The New England Journal of Medicine.
APPENDIX A
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APPENDIX B
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APPENDIX C
The findings of these studies showed that inactivity was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease factors. Few of the above-mentioned studies could investigate physical activity and cardiovascular disease determinants on a longitudinal basis. Most of the physiological, psychological and social changes in humans occur during this period of life.
From the above background, the aim of the study is therefore to investigate over a period of five years a follow-up longitudinal development of physical activity and determinants of health risk factors of health behavior in 14-year-old adolescents who attend schools in the Potchefstroom area. of the North West Province of South Africa. The targeted groups are boys and girls aged 14, essentially the grade 8 learners (NB: . the ratio will be as follows: in mixed schools, 35 girls and 35 boys; in black schools 30 boys and 30 girls will be required ). The participants will be requested to fast overnight (10 hours). A fasting sample of 10 ml of blood will be taken from each participant to obtain enough blood for the various analyzes of the study.).
The schedule for the project will be as follows (specific dates for selected schools will be determined in agreement with the principals concerned):. Due to the fact that the participants will be asked to fast for 10 hours without eating breakfast in the morning, sandwiches will be provided after completion of the measurements.
APPENDIX D
The study will assess and test the following variables: anthropometric measurements, maturation, blood pressure measurement, health-related physical fitness, social and self-efficacy questionnaire, resting metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, blood sampling, leisure and recreation limitation questionnaires, dietary intake questionnaire as a life risk factor questionnaire. If your child chooses to refuse to participate in any part of the study or to withdraw from the study at any time for any reason, this will not upset or anger anyone and will not result in any type of punishment. There is no cost to your child (or a child under your care) to participate in the study.
Furthermore, no payment will be made to your child (or a child in your care) for participating in the study. A child who must have returned a completed and signed consent form will participate in the study. I understand that there will be no discomfort or foreseeable risks for my child to participate in the study.
I consent to my child participating in the study described above, understanding that he or she may refuse to participate in any part of the study and may withdraw from the study at any time. The return consent form will be locked for the duration of the study.
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
How much time did you usually spend on very hard physical activities on one of those days. Think only about the physical activities you did for at least 10 minutes at a time. During the last 7 days, on how many days did you do moderate physical activities such as carrying light loads, cycling at a normal pace or doubles tennis.
On any of those days, how much time did you usually spend doing moderate physical activity? On how many days during the past 7 days did you walk for at least 10 minutes on a. The last question is about the time you spent sitting on weekdays during the past 7 days.
During the past 7 days, how much time did you spend sitting on a weekday? watching TV, video games/internet, listening to music, reading). I hereby declare that I have read and explained the contents of the information sheet to the research participant.
