Schools crisis

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MONTliLY NEWSLETTER OF TliE I NSTITU Te FOR A DEMO CRATIC ALTERNATIVE FOR SOUTH AFRICA

JUNE 1'13"1

Schools crisis:

looking ahead

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'\ Namibia comes Boereblues A force for inside j'> to Pretoria oor apartheid lasting peace

_ PAGE5_ - PAGE8 - _PAGEt2 _

(2)

EDITORIAL

Clash of White fear, black aspirations

DEMOCRACY IN ACTION

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_o~fo<,""' 2' """"'"1O_'ho..- .I... boot.._ 'hom on ...pl iublr

_oI ~.OUMI_ot '''"'~1

.... 'e..' on

,n. , .. ..

⁰¹^,,,", ^!to

....

~nod.A" n. _ a1 ~

.. , ., _ .

..,..._e. h....- _

^'r,i<>I to

_ _ 'o "". c_"'obIe ",..

1M, , ...~ con _ ..;. -...><It

oos _ ."

^_ ûn ê ^..îlfOnd

... '-...I • ,... <_ _ ~

1I 1_ ."9"'" 1 _ , ,,,,,,, 1

>hed _ .... ,..,. I ocd

t...e

1

.... ._ 'hoi ,"" """.. ... jlnoI• •. . -.

,l_ _ h _ """"''' ''''''''''

';.'^.^'^.^:

.. :-:,. "

^~ ^: ^.,

.

'. ' " '

.

H. 'oo/.Willi...

t. " " , .h"

^hod^. ^d,~.""

I""" .I, ••",I 1OnJ,on f.,.,n<~

,ob.,

,~d ..

""nd • 'O, ","*,

⁰¹ ^;"'p""""

~,I ,.... N ,hbo>.hop' ,,"u.Prot...

k<Jw>1I 01...- H., .... P, Boeo.o~.

P, . . ,. ., N.IIdO-.P, Qb<o<hob 'hoo R...

...H." d " , \..,.' hoo r< ""' ...

• .,. M<C. u _ qu." ooh n...

~I I' - . . l r - . . . " ...

_ ' , ,_ _ c...,ha

" q .-.

^buodo"u.~It- "" ^;t'hoo ... • ..., .., _ dod _ '" 10

"*

,~,

i'o<JI:>odor . _

10

"*

^'hoo ''''' ""'"to

- T_ ' ,_d. ."_ '_

..._:~_. "'.. _ .. 01""'''*'''''''.- T....

., ' d _ _ - ..

", odt IOOl'ol~ 'hoo...

-

I had a dream

Ir...

n_ "'. ,. ...

h.o "",,,...,mou<Iy

....""••vd

b,. '''"' _"I_{.,,~_a1}

""

...,. 01 ,_ who h.o ",.-;",,«1 ;~

10MA..-

_ '...,ho..boo<on...

...__ a1

^~

... o- _ _..

con""'_ .. ,.... "'"

^U~^nol ^do..¹ ^_ ^h

...ho~_ ;". U CUU"',boo'

, h ., "'" u "

^~.I

~ff<'Ct''''Y'''''h,,,,-,~ hit nd b..,~,...-,,"'...I' ""~.~.,,h..

...h,,~.,""" ,lI"P"'" ;,I""'"C,MOtcon';n<'

... ... d.. "PI. ". ""',... ,,.,....,. doo

..._ '.-."&..

^~_

..

()opSO...•· -

,;PI

on

^k^{_ _} ^,

' 00" " "'",

^So>n~ ^{hom ...}

•._ jullr (d NPj Iw-, ~ ... k"" h¥

..."""~....hyd... ~_"""""I""'"".

- _ . hoof '

Viu

_Sn.l~rl

... 'lU"'''''''

¹^0' ^,,,", ^",^,,,,,,, ^'^u^ll ...- n...n ;n

d,~,

...." ...

^hn

..,,011

.~.,n" "",nwn", '""

pulp" I", 'h."'nKI.u n Chu"h, "'U""" 8"'. '

Th"ch~, un ,un. ,,,,,n"¥. h"h 'On d~,

~'''''' u n ,un th~ Com" rl.,. ...h¥ .on', ..0...un ,h . ,h u" hl" ...0<1 . C" hn h,

,

(4)

in pretoria

Namibians state th

Letters

_ I",," P I - - poo~

th«>loNY.nd t....(h••"i...." .r."'. poolni«

drb.tr ,''''t.i~qu.. ....",r .1Ith" ...,om·

mu~iuo< .~d M"""·.,."'~ t .t...t .

01 ,

_.r.. ....

⁽ ^h...t,. n" , .nd politi... ...

-

^Ail

-- t_ " NU"""''' u n tor _ ...t. !>l'

, M .niI.br<"'..bIo<"''''hoIo" .ni1 'IwoIOfl l looN'"'Io," h Ah iu ,' "

ri..,11• Ch n < n' \01 AUlu. """ ...

~ _• ....,'"• ••k

boW ....""'" ....

^k.

. _..-. ~Mo!'-"

-

Every o n e h as ro le to p la y

1...-1 ~".IO .h.onlo IDA...-. """...."""

I o r _... _ ...." , , _·••onl~ r

on r

II " ....,100 ....r.p"" '" _ ...

...,..,....,.p.,.l,o

I _ld ..., -

.n' h ... ""' _ .

bo.oo

. 1 ...

in ,om _ , II '" ~ ~ n ...

,ou "" th..-m

IOcon"_

^{,n \ouf}^h

AI" ..

'o

l I", • 1'"''''0'1'''

""t"' n ',

I...ol nq...trolrl ..,in .h. «>trI1;n .n<l now I .m <""" n<ood th••

""" 'l"O" ,.

^",I. ^- ,"" <onlyqU'"'ti"";, ,..;..,t , . . . -

'0

pu,...

Motao m

^Win'^r.

~~.

Ex c h ang es v ital

I ...ould Iikr b".lly to ,·onN,..ul... IOASA on th. ..,,,. ;, " doinKm 1"01'"" ;08 the ,on,.p' 01 ....Kot'." o n .nd ~"inK ...~"e

Xou'~^A^f

'0<."'

^thrOI~""'U

not.

^{'0 m...,'}^~^iN^~

..Iob'e b1..k "'''''''''~ ip.

~he••~.nR"' '' e lo ,n, '0 be ..."",,,.1 in ...Yp,lll 01Soo'~AI,i<. ri.... or. goi nl to....,..j """,oIo<,nR...e.ndtnHot. ,iwion.

~. ~

~

I, lOll-MAl tE kllIGIl

MtOonOel' o, 4 O', ...^t^....<...'"

< ""'

~1IpO^•..-d Mt D..-k Mudwr.

...- . ol Oe<no<t..o< T _ A~.

boIh , _ ,.... " " " ' . --

... '" ,"" 4 _ ol R...

. n .. _ _ ' _ ..

IOA ·•

..." ....

^~

"'10, . '" ...,....

^{du' ;ns}

-

^....^,_.,o,Mt ~ ..-d I)o- ".n l.,.

~I._... 'DAM _

_.k

^{in ,....}

_ tt..,. . - ".nd 1>1 ,hot...

p,l" "'...0I1e<nt """"""bOa,

llooh

""moblo Ito

...t t

.ndrl'"'n_

d<nc• •niI.., " i i..ble M

, I" ..-,"I, _ ...,.f!>l' i...,

d u,,.,,... _ . , "" , , ---.. .n.h

_ . 1....

^be<n8 bomb.l.do;:l ...h • ...-.de

,.nRe 01 'lU"'t""""

Aith",,~~ .11 tk,....of,k• •pe.krn pto d 10 t>.. ... popvl., .."k

,t>e;,

^. ^{ud ..}

nc

^M,

TjonK..e,o', ' ... rpl;on ... ""e pl iot>olly ..,,'" .nd rnthu,I." Mrm t>.." 01 th..

.udl. o,.. ~,...,...t h,,,, it~ h...,d o", "''' g' .od .

> .. , p"

^II^,"^.^lie ""'d ,onfid"n,tkor

~"'f'O

...

^ould ^...,n ^,k. ^{N. mi hi.n} ^el^'X',ion

...i,h •

'wo

^{th "}^d^, ^m.~"i'^• ^•^nd ^..;,J ^t^n..

e" .pt fo,'nr ,~u,,~.., in ""bo•• S" . po ... th. only I'OUP in mib,. .. ho h.d .1....,...

"nc.

ⁱ^t<

""'.p ''''''

^",^k«l

, r...,·

..,.11. ,...

^~ndp ^.

M. MOOI!<'_ ~ Io,mo;:l ,h•• no

.,..-,y

ld H.'

mo'. ' h.on , ,

,tI<01'M ."' ni1 ..><I ,h. , • 'un·o '...ul, in

'••ou'''' ,n, po....would l>4 . ... ....

...bOa .. , would

u _...,.

^INtI ^to^•

...--.-. , ..

^~

.... , .. "'"

pol"",.1p,l" iro ;n "-del h.o . 1'"

_ .. = _.., ..._ -. , 1. " , ...,., ...

It ' '' ''''''k'' dby Mudp,.... "'"

O'A "'" foc.c """ ...,. to

tor

... '" ...,.. ..-d t po..., hod.; n.""Io<I1G...~ - NOt«l " " _ ->ety tIu""llh

''11'"

.IV'.... , ...

^I^{_ jLNk•}^.

M.

t _

^"Iurd^, ^oM ^....^mtbian

""""'I """' _oa.:-._

.nd _ . "' ,,"Ie _ _ "' p,l... in ..."bOa. ~.po . '" ••pto I",mod

;n 1WJ .nd II.

li." ...."

^u^{p to} ^1_ ^_

... 01

pe " - , " Ie

^{"M' e} ^_ ^",i.^...

...n 1 n.'0 oI><.;n liboo,.·

tion lot N.""bo•. In 19!09••Itr. the ....,Id ,out! in tt>.. H' H""

"" d

d«;,J.,j ,k., ,~.

".m,bo . n

^t^•^.., ^...^ould

no '

^boo ^~••,d brlo,e

,h. .oo,t ,_~._pood...·I. ' ..d....' ' lIO ,n" Xouth

",r,i,.,fltot ...n1973.nd 1'lll3~.polought

• Ion. ,""..d.. to I.' R..olution 'JS '0hot!

i",~I."' en'.d . M. Tionl.,e,o "",ntioo..d th.t in 1'169 S po .... . ..",ni•..., '0 hnd tk.ttho..,..ho r,.'R"n"Rr",lu,lon' lS.

I"r tM o TA. ""'",. I...d ,Mm",l. r "hr ",Ie

i~ i'''',.... '". JS

"~.poo....11in"",,' . tDun" . t1.ld lO'd...i,h

, ,.ni1..kn.. di. _ . _io--Konomk

, I" ... nd .

-""'t "k. "'''''Y

ol , , - .ni1 ••1""<, ' ion8""0 , ....,....- ~.po.• •n. _ , '0 t>..,old

How do we address this crisis?

•

- - "- '

...,.Ito^b....n^m_

I<>

<'t "" ...

0I1f'I'OPI<' ·' - . . .._

non· """«Iu<...

' ...O f l ' -·

n...1oc .,....,.p.. • _ .._ _

... ,t>..dot ,4.,,0I ••u _ r

_ _ _ c1

h .

,....jM. e,,_ ,.... 10 ' r ol "'"

NtCC...""'_ ""?oqJle".lduc.·

, _I.,.l'rople\

, -cot ... ....,

^{01 ,}^....

I..."n8,olfo 01...tilt .'_..-d , dt--o '"

r ' rru><' con"'" ...

«I",. t _

He..",,,

bee._.",..

^,h.o,^..-Iuc.."",. nd

poI~i<' "r'. ..." 1lIy f><>unil. ··1...

i• • •",,".nt I,nl boo' polil...I ..,ion .ni1""""... ni1 ","" " ,"'"" in _ I••

",~.n...,""",". " - ".nt 'n' nK

.00..,

buold"'N . de""",,,';" _ ,

"The,!tug'".odr ••lop. ' nt «Iu,. ·

""",,11"" '" . ''''''' .nd'obo..,ld _ ...

..,IIttit',. lo,r koIk.... r"..n".1lot ",,' in ltit' d..,rlopm..'" ,~ ,n. fu'u,r " " em, Wh,", the' r ..,IIin.,, " bl. be- ••on« " ove, ideo- IOK" . 1.,m., iI "',II .... ,. ",I.cod in pr."i..

.nd ,.. rr", tio n upon p,."i,o ."

W~,I. 'ni, i, n..lnl ""Hrrl.k,,_...,. 'ho

"o""o<Iic'",n, in 'kr p,...nt ...iur"to". 1

' Y"<'m ....u K'-

^.ⁿⁱ¹ ^.to...-. ^..

,n

boo

... Iot

_n-..- ...

...1 hot ...'~ ...

c..,,-

^~

, ''''

^r """.

, ..._ '..' .. _ '0' ...

•.,.,he ... "" . N

,'oIpolo<,,,,,_,.l,o

_ r - " '" boo ,n8 lot. ... ... '''''n

.ao-. ... _ , .

'"Th" "'ouId _ ...

-"*' , ,,

^bel ^1,^,, ^{" ,}^"" ^fo,^r^{' u n} ⁰¹

"'...

^''''.I^~

n m :·c..-...m..

^od.^"^,^,,,

,1m,. . -n toA\ A" '."'P'u o pu'lf'I'OPI<';n

,ouch

",,,h

^on..

_ h.,

^th ^un

' ort

",",'n '" ....,k , lu'u ..

toA , ,hr."lOfr.omm .,j'0 clP>-rl-

_ 8 ,

""u'" ,k 1>0 ..., to p,l"" '","'r,n ,"' uU '"In.".mpf'~~'0 do ,h" ..r 11 _ . . , ••" .in •• Iu... .nd 'h... ",ill , ". bI,.tt...t ,,,..in'...·n' '''''' ...m'n~t Ir .."h,~,n...t",.""".i';rld."

G" h.m ..itt. Th...I"". in,hldo thit;

• T"" p,n.i"on ,,' cod"" " o n,kO<J ld eouip 1"'01'1. '0 .... p,,, in,o"," u<lio&. now

~out" Al"",

• It ,hould "" ,i"" N"..d to .. n.blr tn..

~,.." .." Il"'"blo p"'i"~.,,on 0' 'ho...

.n ... ,. d I>y ..in d....i'iu~ '.,bou' cu"i,u·

lu m. ',non".1 p ..o."... .ni1 8r...' pol ....

• " "'ou ld ...r ...t , hocto

tk

I<>."wI<'

loouth AIr;" nd

'" , u . . - ,

• In • ..., ttl " " , k IOAY<...k...

~...ld

'o ,. ,

^{U..--. ...}

_ I<> ,

dot '" -+. ...

...to...-...-d,....

I'4"'Pe _ ...

edudttcI ,. . -

_

...

.

d<-b.I... by lack 01 r.f"'<l.... Of

• '0...1> ",,n,0Pd...." ' _.

t_

,""10 ....".

. tI'"

⁰¹ ^...Ir"""

_""" ""'_ , tot ""t..1M->

'" n".'

^k ^•^• "'1>0

; n'...·

...t '" t"" I...", <WMon ian.

Bu ' ..,""' boo h, people'"

odd , ,hr P' n' ..""I _,hn~ '"

G m t ' . , <'Not ol ." ...

whk _<O~ ^. ' " " , 1""' 01 dc-.-c-Iop;n8 bo, h . ... . ,n..hi,h "" I ...lu••' .."';..

p"'"hlp.ncI •

'1"'''''' ,,'

^"^d^{ue "} ^K'" ^w^h" ^k ^;..

' f' P'Opt,,,,,.

for" l, .,".'" 01 " m!>o'K'"Kn''',,,n,·.. ,.n be- " k.. n...AmonR" ,~.... ...<>old be- p"tid · P<" inK ..i,h", n.... in,~..,. 11,1",,..." "ti"", to

'K'

^Io^l,..d ^o^{n "'I}""..'i" n,.nd ind ivi,iu.i,

",,,,I ," ~ in th .. C'<1u,.""n,l li..I,I.Sym!>" ", .,,,",h" h ~... 'i' '''' ". n,e ou, of .1I p'''' ,,,,,, ,,,n ,,, 'nO" ." u.1ImPol<l . ,. ,o~,....

(5)

eircase

MrO"kMud~.. "''*SM<lt~~ t1h.OT'"

"' .. Ige,,,.' I ""'''.10''''''

^l ^{Ul l".}

M, 1lO"lI. " '0 (rolln,) Swa PO will wo rk lo r . m..e<lltConom y wtlleh wou ld

" 'i.'y the """,,. 01the P"'Ople

'he 400 "",,,pl. in 'he ." ,hen,-. , WQuid l>o>

, h . ·

ⁿ ^••,;"ⁿ

"I • " 0" .,. ,; . 1

^on;^'.ry ^>t.^t.

.."" • , Ii,i,,,,"

⁰¹judi" " , ,<'<uli"• •nd

"'~I,I.'i...."",,,,e,,.II. fn' bill01 tig""

tor N.m,bi• • M .. HI,h•• ~w'PO10'"",«1 • ,,,ong,.. n" ,Igo"" """'"' •• •.de<en'r.Ii..•

"on.'

,ho. ...

^{in ,....} ^.^{h .dy} f!.~"",n'<'d

N.mi!>;. _ kl .._;n~'"_.",_,,h~" R"Il" d-

;". ,... " ' _ y of N

t>o.o.

M, Tion~'''fOwodtho. !>w.po Id..orktor

• mi.<'<lKonomywh" h ld^H ^{. .},-.ty ,...

"""'. 01 II ><'11_ _ 01 ,

populo,,,,,," ,

...hdur.. """.,

oK'" tu''' . ,

^dnftop-

_ 0 1 " , - - - ,

."1" " , , _ 10 ~ _•

"' _ , " '•• •• ,._ ....,.,d,oyo

_~"lInof>c_~.-.-._~

·· IIuO." G<...• _ _fo<

~ ~ 01 _ 10 poorio<m

..._ . ._ " .._"""'Ilh.~..

.... .... . . . - , lot . . _ h _ 10

..~.-...h.IO_ _ ~

"'->Id ..._ ... ,,, «1 >IIo<oId

... ,h"

.on"",

"'IIPO""". .

tw."

,1140"" , ,

,,-.>houI<I

"" ...

tH.I~,., P ' _ _-<<<...

...,,,,,,,I ..M, _

^~" ^~^VI.^"',

*"

....N

'0

^{do _} ^..

'1'"'11 .,..,

,~ i"

,... 01 odu<~,"", .""

"""'''Il

04 ~

"",,14 " ~~ '0 ,~.I.... ...,ob ,,,,,,,1

, .. , ..

^{,~: '}

c.r.h.m..><1 ..h.,...ld ...", ..I" '"'"

" ""ld ""

,h~~'I""""""" ^.^nd "'" 01

''''' ....;...i',

^ol ,~ ,^..,~,^... ol

'10 " , ''C ,,

~'I""'..-d 'h ,....~h ,h~",s. ni.. lioo. " hich

,~p'"",o' ""'" ,'''''',, ,h~" ,;"", . "ThO«'

io.ol,~d in od..,,,iun ""w "ill w,o' '"

o.·g,n • ",,, ,~,..,io" wi, h ,h",~S'....~,od i" di,id...I•. ""d IIM~'" ",II ...nd 'Ndy '0

•,.i.. io ,h~... ""n"" ,..lio o. ,"

p P_ro

^o. ^{V . .}

_ 0<" on ,p"""., ""•••,. " ...

-,-

H~ .1"" m.d. il d••, ,h., .1",..ld ~".".,

co"",

'0 pow. '.

^,he^w^h^{i,~ p<'}^opi~

rn

^N^.mibi.

"o~ld "'" He' "",<i,1 p'i.._I~He" 'he 'iMh"

" j .11N.m,b..", wo,,'d lK-p,o'e".d.';w.".,

" o ,,'d 001.110" " hi ,•• '0 m.,~ N. mibi• • h""'Mr01

,,,,,i,

'1'<0"""'"' lJO"'e,. nd ''''''h_

"".1 ,""" " ,h~..MI,

"I' Mud M. ..><I ,h., ,.... Of " ..nod fOl •

'Swapo W OUld not eeow Whites t o make Namibia a hostage o f

their economic power and t echnical s kills '

...,..

^~

.._...,-,_.Ky...

..lwh ",,,,, 01 >hdovoduM _ be

p'''' by • boI 01

''lI'"''

,""h houp ....

_ , bo d , _ _>houI<I ~.

" . ' " 10 , _ _ e _ c ....

... clod _ ,

.,p..

_ 10 _ ...hod « ~...,.

t "",<!onoI on ..._

po>l;c)o ...

_ .... ,"'" . _ 01

t_ """",_

.""."".:...-.-d _ ...._ nch

c"""',,

^.^{nd ,} , , " " " " " _....-.>uld ...

bt,"I "' nd p''''P'I',,,,.I''""'''...

.."h!lwoOp<>., 01'".... _ ...«....,~

...

"I, Mud.... " 'p'...,...j ,.... ,~., ...

,..., ,.... Iot,h, om'o,~P'.-mbefelr<1_io ... 'h,"," K' "....Id 'otl....nee ,....,ndepenc!-

r"" ~p'". .... io N. m,"'"

",h~ o"" " ."08' q ""o

'boo'

^S",po

s" e "lI..oo\>ioS,h~ b.", , Of> "p' iI 1,hi,

y~... "1, ' ...n~.,., o ..,d' "' .m ,<:Hng ,,, ....,~.bl. o' r , , ..,.m . " " I,m 00' goioSto 101,,,,,,. n, h,.I" bu' I. m.1""no' MOioS'0 .n ep' .oy bl.mo', 'h.. i....id.o' could h...

h,pp<'" pd.o,,, hr'~in,h~" ..,Id. Th. hu,h Ii... in0"" ,p,I" , . "d ,h., ,~.Ii" ,huwed ,....

i,on, <>l b ",I", iooOl 5, 10the i, mome,,'

rn

~I",y "'.mihi. n hMh'~ " ..e,p co"f,oed

O(l(l~m from

, 10,' "

^",u"" ,', bo,d~"

."d

,hnlp 'hp, h..·• h,,,~h' we,P gi..." ,he hooo", '" "" in,...,, QUo", "ntoIi"""

p ' ''''_

d~,...;~,"

M, MooS p ,o'P'lw~,.-d , i .... "",", dit·

,.,po" I. HP ..id

,h., ."

^Mh

s...po

^hod

.1"... d., '0

hOle " " " t.... " " , 'hey dod no, WOK,", b.i ... io N.im ,bio. ,....

0""'''101 I bofdp, 00 "ptil I od.

.... _~ 10 1_~,._,~

''''''''0'

^'⁰ ',.tbli....

b.i... ,.. , .,...,.nd

'0'h"' ..'"

^,he^....

""""" ,..." 01, 'iOIIol

<""""" ,

f,,,,,""1 "'" ,..., 0/1 w> ""'..,.

... ' dod ... ''''1 b.i><o> .0 ...

< "

In "' ...Dr'ioIobboon

..1

bo<_ ..._hlllh<~·._"'.,

_ .._ _.'...,..ouId ""

no ...« .. "' ..._ , _ ...

South ",,,U lwdfound

""""lor,

MId """'..

tw wool _

"'houM" ,..., ... ....,. ...

. - . -..."" _ ... 1>0,

«,_

" fl

MId South 111<" .... c"'*l

...n ....,. _,..,...,...

..._~ p' 01 - " ' _. ,_ ....

... ... ,

a "' "MId nd.-...:..,

a .'" -.".1>01",

01 .,.... wo,... """"'-

"""""""" ' '''''''')'

e

-,

, ..., M 1><0,

,

h> ..._~...

pol"".

e ... . -'0 1M'll"''''P.."h .e.1 0180... •

""0' " "h ....1

^pow....

nd • •

p.lloIlo.. · '''I;

.nd

e ,....

.,..."Nj'''Il .nd

u,~pn'"...) 'o .... io_

'''0

""unoml< _~.o..

'h

H<conclud.-d b, ...._'_o~110" 'heimpo<..n'

dpb.,. 01 ,h~ 1'l'lO> would ou' be "h~,h~,

s..",h M,i,. would bt"Come • oo~-n" ",n

""e ,

Î>û' ^..^,lo^p, ^,Î",,,^, ^..¹⁰^" ^{kind of} oo~·

o."on''''P So",h

"' ,i,

^o^{uld become}

c ,"" ...,.. or.... '",,," ' ,"~d,

..''" '"

'0"'" on """'''

,

(6)

Peace breaking out?

"e at e now ,e e ing ,em.,kable effortS '0

",ttledi",ut...and con/Iiets in.a riou ' "'gion, inch"'lngCambodia,Alghani'tan,theMidd le Em , Cen".1 America. the H"m 01 Africa and 'o u!hern Ah ica.

Could we the,elo,e tonclude lh., peac e i, b' eaklng out allove, t~e worldl Such a cond u,; o n would be pre matu .." Agenuine po lk y 01no~·interl"rente in lhe al"i " of ot_~e, nation.:whIeh Gorboothe. no...,...rt, a' aSo';et go.l,would rep' ...n'. d,.matic depa,tu""I,om _t~epolkie, the So';e' Unio n ha, lollowed,inc"1917.Soc~apolky would

"",an lhatthe So.i"lUnionwo uid neve,u'"

its po..er top'e""nt anationf'om cho o ' ing a go""m me nl it wa n" ,e'en If that were a non_communi" go...rnmen'. Itwo uld ,I",

""'an that the United State, wo uld ne,e, U' e in po..er '0 p'e.ent a nation from thOo<inga go.e rnment Itwa nt.,

e.en

il that we'e a tommuni" go""mm"nl If So';e,·

Ameri ca n ..,r. tion. .'e,e.liy enleringanew era 01"Ii.eand letIi...,he UnitedNatio n . willhavea <ruc lalrole1o playin 'u''' in ingit,

New App.~h10 UN

II i, in thi, conte" thit eorboochev'. new approach10 theUNmuO! b<o seen,In an ","a·

ordi""y .nit lei~"'a>1lainSeple mbe,1987, he""'procl. imed anewInle ,,,,,in "'engthen.

ing Ihe UN, ind icating tli., co_o pe" ti""

actionamonginte ,de"""d e ntn.,iom ,hould now lakeprecedenceinSo.;et fo .., ign policy O'e ' inter",tio ",,1cia.. warfar".He furlhe,·

mO,ec.lledlor."comp,e h"n.i""'I"tem 01 in1ernational secu,i'y ", and endo ..ed the

u... of UN peacekeeping fore", in ,egional

"ou ble ' po " . Thi, ne" .pproach,which i, already being implemented in ,o ut hem Africa, offe" the Ilope that the UN pe.te·

ke eping .nd peacemaking ,olecan bee.en mme impOft. nt in tlie lu,u,e.

Thelutu,e looO., p,omi,ing,We•..,already _ ng the d...-elo pmentofapatte, nwhere by ,upe rpower;n.o'''''... ntInreg;onal conllict

i, on the ded ine .Supe'powe, p"'"u,e c.n in<le ad be u<ed 10 nudge regiona l dien t' to"'ard , compro ml..., and pe"cke e ping n""",;ty 1o, Na mibia~ Inde pendence and

the need '0 "nd

a

pa" he idin 1he m<><le, pedi- tiou. mannet.

How canoroee, plainlhe ,e Inte rnatio",1 change , aHeellng almo " ...ry par' 01th..

worldl Wh. t h., b'ouSh' .bo ul ,hihins re latio n, 01~er and roew alllanc",lMany a'gue tliat th...,... d""elo pmen " are no, ye , lully und..mood by "nola", and ,ha' the d"""lopme",ofap'oper theor..ticalb.", fOf In.erptetlngth... cha nge , ate.tillIn iU inla ncy. 11 I, po..ible, howe""r, 10 point to one imp O"anl d..."lo pme n, th.. I, ha.in g .uch •p'oloundImpacton ,outhernAI,ica: ,he chansing ,upe'powe, ,ela,lon,hi p.

Id..olosical Mod.. rn ;';ng

The « a llng down 01 w." and regional conllic.. around 'hewo rld i, unde"tood to be '0. larse extent. comequence of the So. i",Unio n', new lo,eign policydi,e"ion, Broad ly,peaking , ..,gim",i~fostern fu,o pe, Clllna, lhe So.letUnio nand south·"a 't A.ia

"e bu,y with ideologicarmode,nl,; ng .nd ad ' plalion.Th...""...Iop"'"n"were la'1lely

" igge,ed by the rimitatio n, 01'he outdated Sl.lini" com mand ,",onomy. The Sla llnl"

modelw...II·con ,.1""",",11hout th" ne<!d, in theo,y, fm inte,a"ion with the capila li"

ma, ket<ofthe ou" ide world,ItI' the,efo,e a 'I"t" m unlqt>ely un, uited lor the I>igl>.

'ech, in/o,matlon·ba. ed and highly inte,· dependen' world economy 0/ the 19f1O<, Ideological moderni,ation h., ,he ,e lo,e becomean urgent,..kfo,commu ni"-wle d coun trie., ",llh "'I, eo,booche '

os

pro boo bly

the be" known inno .ator in tlli. regard . P, ,,,ident eorbooche.', "ne wlhinking" in fOfe ign policy. whith stem. in la ' ge

1''''

from the dome, tic need. 01 the So.j" , economy,ha, led,amo ng<l ol he r things.to a ne'" aWtud" 10w.,d, 11le We" ,The inte,_

national community i.at p'e",ntwitne"ing a ....rch 10' • new, mo,e "able and co·

operati"" rela tio n, hip be'''ee n the ,upe'- pOwers.

The implicotiom of lhi, ",e .rch" are mo me ntou" Unlike Ihe Cold Wa r period, ANTHONl VAN NIEUWKERK

reports

In 1986. rne w o r ld WitS deeply Invol ved In dam aging conf licts.

Today , Impro ved superpower relations are bringing abo ut a new approactl t o tteresouocn of regional conflicts,and neces- SJ:Y arrenoon IS nowl>eing glven

t o

glOba l

prob lems,

1936 .... the year 'he Uni' e d N., i"n. had hopefully desi5na,ed .. 'he "lntern.,ion.1

¥e.. of...~".The...o.rd.how.,,,,,,,e' p<>'i'

"need.lmos,l00.,me<!co nflica in lha ,yeO' .Io ne. ~egjon.m"" h.... "y inVQI ~in...

were the Midd le h ot Ilr>q . 00 I•• n; 'he Lebmonl .Afric. (We" ..rnS.h. ,., NOf,nern Chad, Sud.n; Ethiopia; Angola; Na mib i. ; Mou m biq ue an d South A1'ic. '. $<lUll>

Ame,i, . (EISol••dor; NicOf'8u.), .ndSouth ami Ln' A, i. IS,;~nk.; Indi. ; Afgh.ni".n;

C. mb o d i" ,he Phillipin ..,; Indone'i.;

KOfe. ).

The," pe rpow.." wer..hel';Iyin""l..,djn lhe. e co n filcU . The United Swe. 01 A"",rid ••pend ing on co.erl aid 10 guerilla.

i~ Ai shani"an, Nicarasua, Angola and Ca mbodia ",..b<olie""d .o be alm"'t Ihree lime. the amount.penl by11leSo.le rUnlo~

on i" gt>eriUaalii.,..

Today, rhe cllang'" that .weep the world are "unning, Some o. the mO,.., perlinent chang", indude:

• The collapOe 01 communi.m a. an econo mic model and Ih" ,I ... 01 , radical relorme' In Ihe So.iel Union;

• The new a"endancyofeconomlc powe,.

rathe,'hanmilila

rr

",..,ngth,a. a dete rmiN nt of nationa l",curlty and welf-«'in g:

• The palpable ,educ,ion in Ihe Ihr...t of

"'a' between th" .uperpo"'e,,;

• Seemingly endIe.. wa.. betwee n Iraq and Ifan, ar>d in Afgh.ni".n .,e winding down: and

• Conllict.in Ango ta.Namibia, Cambodia and the sah..a, raging fo ' mo'e than a decad" ,arein tn" proc",. of being''''01''''''.

Tile old di.hlom so lamili., in wo rld alfai"- £0"-W"'t,Nortn-South, limWot ld· Tn i,d World - ha.e given way to a baffling

new

a" a y of co n.e~ing inte,e" •.The,e I, now an u'gent need to tacklethefollowing global problem, lh,ough inlernalionalcu- operalion and multilate,.1 ' senei"' :

• R",toring boolanee and o'der In wo rid fi",nc" and "ad e;

• Th" prollle'alion 01nude.,weapon"

• D,uglrallicklngand .bu.e:

• The ,prea d 0/ Aid,;

• The en.i, o n"",n1al challenge , .uch a' the damaged0<0"" I.ye'.th" "g,ee~hou..."

effeet, de.eniflcatlo n .nd delo,..," atiO<1;

• hpk>.ivef>Op<Jb.tiongrowth wilhaltend- ant unemploy... nt and ma" po""tty,

0/ an th... conlinulng globool .hil t<. the eXCitingde.e lopmen"In

[ ,,, ,W,,,,

^,elation,

in panlcular,willaffeetour,e gio n , Southern Africa will b<o profoundly aflected by the 'e d irulio n of the in te rna tional .y" em beau... the,e I. wide con...mu, on 'he

,

(7)

PROFIL E

Dr Moll. n. . . while oplnlo1l need. to be Inll""nc.d

'The ability and will Ofthepresentgovem- ment to accept and come to term s with changesln the inter- national community, however , remain In

doubt '

c."iedoutin. UNI,.me,.or~with.uppo rt lrom bo, h 'Up"' powe " bu' di'1."Ct invo l",, · men,olneithe',

South" rn AI.i<.

[}e,elopmen1> in >outhe,n "'fric. - p.>"

ticul. ,lyN.mibi• •nd "'ngol. - .,e p.>rt of the hOp"ful worldwide "end de . <ribt- d ,bo' e; i1i. no'. unique de,e lo pme n t. The ch.ngingSovietpolieie.h. ,ebeen• po.it'""

co ntr ib ut'ng f.",o" In ,hi. ,egion, Mo><ow h.. "'en the po..ibilit~ of ~i n g ,b le to demon",.te th. ,co m 1ruc tive cO-0p"""on ,.ith the United

s..

^t'" ^{work. '0} ^• ^mu'u.1

•dvon'age, If Na mib'. n ind e p"nd e nc e c.n be .""c....fully blOUght obo ut- 000 thete i. no te.",nto doubt 'he commi' me nt01

. 11

the I"" i", in, o l, e d '0 "'e th.t the pe4<'e p,oc,"" .ucC<><'d.-,hedoot will be open'0 futthe,d'plom"iceflo ", by both 'he USSR .nd the US on >olving the cti.i. in Mo ,"m_ bique a"d e'entuall~ Sou,h "'ttico i"elf, They con ""ke • po>iti,e conttibution in ptomoling nego ti. li o n•• nd in b,ing'ng ,n_

Ilue""eto be.. on the pottie' wh ic hh" e to n"ll0"ote, The ' e i. no,. ⁰ convergence 01 ,iew. wit hin the US,UK.nd other> on the need lor ptog,e" towotd. nego li" io n, .in which .11,epre", nt.""" pOt"e., incl ud ing the "'NC, would be included.

South ...fric. '. role in the IUlU'e 01 'he .o uthe m "'!rico" ,egio" i. unde' ,he ..me

•potligh '. The economic de,el opme n, .nd futu re pr<»perit y of the regio n dep"nd . I.,ge ly 0" Sou'h "'f,ic.'. eco " omy . nd it>

c1me, int~gr.lion with 'he ,egio n, Thi.

me. n•• howeve" ,h., ,he co n flic t .nd di, pute., " u. edond

0'

pre...n'.u ".ined by ' p" rtheOd,m",tIi'" beended ,P<»t_'I" "heid South A,f,i,,"lo,eign poli<~di.-e<!ionwo uld open up I,,,,i""i"g po..ibilih....e. pe,i,lIy when k~ep< ngin mind th. , 'he Ru" i. n••re hopt ng to e, p,"d,hei,economic link. w'th the ,egio ,,_•• p." 01 ,hei, glob.1 elfo,t to become p.>" 01 the in,e,notion.1econo my.

One "umbli ng block rem.' n. , howe,e<- Tha' i. the fi,mly held belief by bo'h the p'e<ent g""e,nment.nd it>m.in<h.lI~ng~"

th., .ince the othe, c.n mili"'il~.nd po l,_

tic.lI~ be defe.,ed. the 'e i, "0 need fo'

"egoliotio n., Indi,,"on. ore ,h" the "'NCi, tec omidering " r.,egte• •nd "ctic>, The abilityand willofthe pre",ntgovernment to o<ce p l ,nd come to te,m, wit h 'he new ch.ng'" in the in'ern.tion.1 communit~.

howe, er. 'emai" in doub " The coming gene ,.1 pleclio n lor ,.hile Sou,h Af,i" ,.ill ind ic.te whet he, it> ,ule.. h" e di",.,ded th e ideologicol b,ggoge of the "' 0,.1

on~."g hl".Ifnol.th~'porecte..ed by inlN_

n.tton. 1de,elopmen1> fo, Sou,h ...frk . to ,Ii" o .." ⁰

,..y

^{fo ,,..,d} ^.nd ^{OUI of t}^he

current m.l.i,e, might belootfote ver,

" An,"_ "" ~,."" ~,...."'" ott"o< ,,"k '"'"'A'"""0,"'''' ,", """,,1AH,,,,,

Motlana:

tireless

in service of change

"The,e

.,e

^'^{wo ,.. y.} ^'0 ^efle <l ch' fige i"

Sou,h A,f,ic' . We c.n eit he, cr.d .kull.

0'

g,in vi<to'y ,hrough peacelul """n•• nd re" on the future .nd ,.~.Ith of Ih~co untry fo,

. 11

South "'fric.m, '-

Th i. i. the view of an efle"e,,'ent 0, Nth.,ho Mo,l. n•. In So"~lo oil ,ood. le.d to0, Morl.n. '. house, Or.o it seem •. "'• • ''''p«ted leader.l.rhe,figu'e. nd medic.1 p"clitione,.he ho. pI.yod . pi, o ..1,ole i"

the . lfa'" 01hi. own comm uni1y.

Inthe "" entie . 0,Mo rlan . bouncod 'nto p,ominence o' ,h. i,m an of ,he Co m mittee of Ten, .et up in 'he .lt e , m. , h 01 thp T976

bloodbath,Tod.~he "illhold. rhe position of hono,,' y,h.irm.nwhile ,em.iningdedi·

. .ted to Ihe '''ue. in the "ouble-ro'"

towmhip.

The well-worn ,hre ,hold of hi. Oube

hom~ b~o" "itnp..

ro

decade. of hum,n comm"ment.

fli. e"de.-our to b,ing . bo ut • Sourh Mrieo It... 01 ,.hite opp,e"io". ho w","er

",.ddle. 'he divide> of .n 'p"rth~id••i,k .ocie ry. Sot hin South Ahic• •nd. b, ood Dr Motlonoho. beeo"'",,o<ife ,o u. ,pok"'... "

. nd c.mp.>ign e, for jmri<e.

Th,oughout the ~e.r> he h., ,e"ined • de lic . tp b. lonce ~,ween 'he me dic.1pro- fe ,,'on . nd hi, role ., comm unit~ le.der.

Tod.~ . gi, e " the choice. "" would li~e '0 de vote.1I hi.time 10 the I' ''e ', Howe,e" hi.

p,.ctice p'~' hi. w.y.

...nd wh ot • p,. ctic'e. ... ,eco,d 01 hi.

patien" ,~.d. lik~ the Who'. Who of ,he

",uggle.

...r p,e", nt mo,e ,h. n h.1l m~ time i.

devot~d '0 in,ol.ernent in ,he comm unity , There i, .omuch that nee d, '0 bedon e ou, here that I wo uld Ii'e 10 tu,n it into a foll- ,i me ocw""t io n: 'Motl. ""..y• ..ith ch" ^0<_

'e,i.,ic e"e'g~ ,

ReOfhing beyond rhe par.me'"" 01the .p,. wlingto,. n.hi p hi. curriculu m.it.~Ii'"

• ho., of bu. ine".nd communit~,e'pon.i_

bilitie ., includ ing hi. po>irion a.' found e, di,ec'o,/tru"ee of 10M "'.

Mo,l.n. i. ve,yc1e., .bow hi. inte,e" in 10"'5"',Wha t promp'edhimw" the ,<'COgni- tion 10' 'he e,tr. _p.>'Ii.ment

Of.

^m^o^b^ili..^,ion

of white Sourh "'1<io m ,"I w., rouched by V. nZylSlobb<>rt.nd "'Ie. Sor.ine '.d",c,ip- ,ion. 01 the I,u",. rio m of working in • whi'e ,_o"ly p.ltliament, It bec.me quite , Ie.r Ih.. change

,.,11

^"or ^{co me} ^,h^{' o ugh}

Padiame nt but' hrou gh

e .". ·

^p.>^{' I}^i.^men^"

'y

p,e"u,e.

"Howe .." . 10' p".ceful ch.nge "e h.ve '0ch,nge ,hemind . of ...frik.ne".nd orhe, ,.hile South "'fric.m , I bplie'p it i. 'he

In Soweto all roads seem t o lead to O r Nt hat ho Motlan a's hOUse. ELSABE WE S SELSinter - v iewed this re spect ed com - munity leader who Is also a m ember O f IDAS A 'S boa rd O f

dir ect ors.

'",pon~bilir. 01 whi'e South "'I,ic.n. '0 ..o,kin r""i, ow" con.titue",.. aOO Ibelie . e in IO"' S'" •• on idp.1 .~hicle to mobiliw those lo,c",: ' ..y. Mo tl.n•.

!'Ie t"e. hi. cue lrom h" e' pe,ience in the M,i" n Notion.1Cong,e" i" the fil1i", when••lrongobjection'0 ..hit~.pteOfhing to bl.d, de ve lo f>ed.

While .n o" de,gr . d uare a' Fon Il"e

Unive"it~ Moll.n. ,.•• •ecrN. ,. 01 th~

"'frican Notion.1Cong,e,,' You,h Le.gue ..hi, h hejoined i" 19048,lie pl.yeda p'omi_ nen' oole, .Iong.ide Ih~ like. of Nel",n Mand e l••nd W. lte , Si.ul u,in the Deli.nce Comp.>ig"uIT9S2wh.:h,,,,,,,Itedin. b.nning o,der.

"Or1e ol rhe ,ea.omlor Rober!Sobuk..e·.

b,e.k_....yItom ,"" '"NC ,...Ihe incre" ing ..hi,e pte, e nce 'n Cong,e" .If.i". ,.hile

I .

^{iling 10}

"0'

^kwithi" rhei, owncon.",uenc~ ,

The ,e w••• common leeling th.,in.,eod ol odd'e" inga comerted. ud ,e nc e in Sowelo.

,.hite .cli, i",.ho uld have be<>". dd' e " ing meet'ng. in ,.hile." b " , b... he' e theycould be hea,d by thme ,e .i. rong ch.ng~. 1he,p

,.•• 0 ,,"o" g objection to white. Irying to pre . c h to bl.rh

"Tod.~ bl.c~ Sou,h Af,i" n.

" P ..

yin g the..me rhing. bo ut " hire indi..du.l,.. ho ,.. Ik in'oe,p,,,ti..,f'O'irio'" in blad-b.,ed otg.oo.."on. wilhout b'inging ...hite, ,,..,_

"itue"c~ with them, Wilh in 'h e block com muni,Yrhey.,e t. I" ng'0 rhe con,erted.

"We don', n....d white. to comeand run our Ii. e•. II i. mo,e im portont fo, Ihem '0 (h.nge the he. '".nd mond. ol eon,..,..Ii.., f.c tio n. in thei, own co m mu " iry," •••• 0, Motl.n•.

"I . m not propaga' ing ethnic gtouping"

Bu' • nucl~u. need. '0 be fo , med in the whire communit~

'0

^b^ring ^th^em ^d".~, ^'0

'he"""democratic mo,emenr,Wo,k need, to be done .mong con",,,'. h .e white•.

"W hi'e opinion need. to be inllu~ nced

.nd Ib<>lie~that iti. ..it hin,heuncomerted white con"itue ncythOi ne .. ini,i.tive>'uch .. ID"'SAcan win o"" r he . '" .nd mind•."

" Il...bI-"'.,...., ~,,.,.., ..r~, ~;,h

v ,... .. ,..' hI...,

,

(8)

Black resistance: a statement of hope

""'..-,010<<010 ,_ ' ....d

p«>pIoo,,, . - ...01 <10< K'''pW''''

at ...

inc pol"'UI ond ""...

...--

_~ _blo<k

"'

poo>pIoI'

ot """ """"'" "' _ '" ... """

~_ _ 01<"""""

. . ... ~.oh

_n...

^of

....

• nd • .,....,... ...

"",,,""''''

^~

.. ""'

-,,",<',

...

~

, .

"" , _ ,

....-

_ , 10 ioCI _ 1" 01

.... "",., _,. . - -..

...tId ...1O""

""'J.

On ,

' _ ''Y.

^bLo<^l poopIoo on ,....

,<>unlf, ,. . -.... ,.... u"...

11'"

con·

dj,;on ot doc .0«1'1"0"""

ot , ,,,.

q"" "NOd by ,"' 1""••_ don>. ",,", .,. ,

,t..

01 , 1'"""1*.

"' blo<l .hold d nd , ,

1'0'''"''

.uU b..u u "'''. h.. bofl> ..pp<'d

from, ,.·"«·._un ,.,.,.., ...

d(><i"'.oonol " "...11" II".,... 1M;'

Of ". k.. 1

In,,,,II,'«um..."'.... ,.... u.n<..b<o<om<.">

. n

"'1" . " '0" 01

lIu p" , no' hop.. til"

'·,..Io,m" . nd",O'<on<"..' "..w idch. ng..

,h..,,, '" lu'" ul

"W,.."" ,

^bu' """ ,,,in,II..

''"'" ''' 'hun,~,"" humonot,01 b"d , ~opl.._ 1""...I._,'h,...",,,,,,~,h....i"..",..oj blKk 1"'01'1••• I>'" '''''' ,,,,II

,. " , in , .. ... ,..

^t^{ill "}^"

'''''y "no"'.oo ",

d~.I"'~ ,h~ ,on~·

q ...""....' - "".._~,_'ul _".,~...",of oo~

'"ord«

IO""""""_'....

"lI...

"'1"'"

,;.,.,. 01 b....

- W ,,,

Sou,h Ah ;c•.I' I.

...y

IO dPf_ ,

^Sou,hAIt;c. ,, _ ;..ry . . ._~, b,o...d"" ,~moI.p.o" _ ..._ by. L.o'I~"..~bu'~ ;ocy, ...,;.

_4...ti" .I"

_ 01_ _~ ·

I", ...h Imp "" , 01 bI.ol

..-

0.. ,... . . , _ I•.,.... ~k ~ ;,.

,.".-1'" ..

^ho ^~^{ol .5}I'"".~ 0I11w

L.ond, , _ _.._ _

ondu>I'l' It " flO _ _ , IIw

_ _ 01AI", - . "'I'""

atMoIlIw'_I · , ... . -.... """"191'""

, ... 01 .. ,...

...-.r __.

N''''''''''J '0 ,p.o""""" •••"""",pIo,, . ,"" ...,...

t~.._ 'o ... ,oIbI.ok . - . .

rh"""'"

_ ..,.~..-h...

"" .nd

^~

,;"" of

"'11'1' - .

⁰¹ ^bI.orl p«lI>Ioo '0

...

~

... dO'<.tl ...t

-...1.0...

A • • ,...

..._~ ,..." , nd • "'"

""I"""

~

_~_ _'. om,...u. b,o" "~'"boo'...

1'16O, nd 1'11- All,h",,,,,klkoppt'ft

1>0:0<._

''''' monopoly 01 polo, ..,""""'" .nd

"'.'.'y

-... ,....

""""" "'"

_~ """ ol

h.ona..

_~_k _~ from , 1'<0 """'" IIh .nd poli". .1 1""I'u' ,,,-,, ....,.."" ,.... ,unni". 01 ,hi. ("{"mil•. bL.o< h do ~"1Ol",.... ...

qu. I" ,