Introduction
The policy dynamics shown in the management of the GSLWP provide an opportunity to apply critical policy studies. The establishment of the GSLWP Authority in 2000 marked a significant transformation in the management of the park.
Structure of the thesis
The estuary estuary plays an important role in the functioning of the St. Lucia lake system (Taylor, 1992). The condition of the St. Lucia Estuary was described through two main storylines.
Introduction
The Construction of Environmental Problems
- Theoretical context
- Environmental and cultural politics
- Discourse
- The Dominant Discourse: Hegemonies
- The Oppositional Discourse: Counter-hegemonies
With the increasing importance of science in the political arena, it is useful to think about the role of science and to recognize the roles of other discourses in politics. Using a social science 'lens', this approach lends itself to the study of environmental discourses due to its focus on shaping discourses from a cultural perspective.
Environmental Policy and Science
- Environmental Policy Formation and Regulation
- The Role of Science in Policy
First, there can be a two-way flow of information between science and policy, with each remaining a separate field. Little or no flow of information due to few interactions between the world of science and policy.
Discourse analysis theory
- Argumentative Discourse Analysis
- Elements of Argumentative Discourse Analysis
What distinguishes the terms used in this second layer of policy analysis from those in the first is their conscious use by policy makers. The use of ecological language was particularly evident in the context of the management of the St Lucia Estuary.
Environmental Discourses
- Dominant environmental discourses
- Promethean (economic growth) discourse
- Ecological modernisation discourse
- Administrative managerialism discourse
- Alternative Discourses
- Survivalist discourse
- Economic rationalism discourse
- Green romanticism discourse
- Green rationalism discourse
- Wise-use discourse
The state administration is dominated by managers and experts due to the importance of their expertise. Accordingly, proponents of the smart use approach argue that only humans can dispose of the decision.
Conclusion
Other effective rhetorical devices include downplaying threats to the environment and emphasizing the perceived economic costs of environmental policies (Whittaker and Mercer, 2004). Hajer's methodology is presented as the method of analysis that is most useful for the conducted research.
Introduction
It includes a discussion of three government bodies that were closely involved in the study area.
An overview of the development of relevant national environmental
- National Environmental Management Act, 100 of 1998
- Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998
- World Heritage Convention Act, 49 of 1999
Two of these laws are outlined here because of their relevance to the management of the St. Lucia Estuary. The mouth of the St. Lucia Estuary is located at the southern end of the last MPA.
Historical overview of nature conservation institutions in
The World Heritage Convention Act integrates the World Heritage Convention into South African law through “the enforcement and implementation of the World Heritage Convention in South Africa and the recognition and establishment of World Heritage Sites” (RSA, 1999). The result of this was the brief deproclamation of some of the protected areas in Zululand (Brooks and Harrison, 1997).
Study area
- Historical establishment – St Lucia Game Reserve
- Current – The Greater St Lucia Wetland Park
- The St Lucia Estuary Mouth
- Factors influencing the St Lucia estuary mouth
- Management of the St Lucia estuary mouth
The result of the application for World Heritage status was the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park. The St Lucia Estuary is in the southern part of the map where the lake enters the Indian Ocean. The unit undertook the diversion as well as the subsequent deepening of St. Lucia Estuary.
Conclusion
This section examines the perceived reasons for the closure of the St. Lucia Estuary Estuary, i.e. this became explicitly evident in the construction of the groyne system at the St. Lucia Estuary Estuary. The condition of the St Lucia Estuary was mainly described through two storylines.
Data Collection
- Data description
- Data sampling
- Sources of documentary data
Since the early 1940s, the closure at the mouth of the St Lucia estuary has been identified as a problem. A series of documents relating to the management of the mouth and the St Lucia Estuary have been collected from a number of sources. Media reports that formed part of the data were selected according to the relevance of their content, i.e. articles that were specifically about the St Lucia Estuary and Estuary.
Data Analysis
- Framework for process of analysis
- Argumentative Discourse Analysis
Four objectives were stated in the introduction of this study, which were proposed to achieve this goal. Finally, Dryzek's (1997) method of identifying environmental discourses was used in the analysis to identify the discourses that were visible in each period. The list of environmental discourses used to complete the analysis process is shown in more detail in the Theoretical Framework (Chapter 2).
Limitations of the study
This was due to the age of the material in addition to the specialty of the data required. This presented difficulties in collecting and preparing the data; the latter point turns out to be more complex due to the need for standardization of data for analysis purposes. Finally, due to the intensive nature of the research design, the results are not applicable to other areas of study.
Conclusion
St Lucia has a reputation for being one of the best fishing locations in the country. One of the most important recovery measures was the dredging of the St. Lucia estuary. The NPB's response to these changes in the condition of the St. Lucia estuary and estuary shows two things.
Introduction
The third and final period is from 1985 to 2004 and covers the change in focus of those implementing policy for the St Lucia River Estuary following the Cyclone Demoina event. Sections 5.3 and 5.4 discuss the condition of the St Lucia Estuary and Estuary, followed by a description of the reasons given by stakeholders for this condition. The last two sections are devoted to the analysis of responses to the condition of the St Lucia estuary and estuary area.
The modernisation of the rural landscape: The rise of commercial
1947 Natal Game and Fish Conservation Council (Natal Park Council) established 1948 National Party comes to power in the South African government 1952 Foundation of Recycling Unit. Consequently, this is the period when commercial enterprise took off in the province and the country. This gave the rangers a legal statute for consolidation and improvement of wildlife management and the Natal Parks Board established in the management of the St Lucia Nature Reserve.
Epistemic notions during the period from 1940 - 1966
Thus, in the 1960s, the protection of St Lucia's natural assets became a priority for the national government in recognition of the area's potential for the tourism economy. St. However, Lake Lucia was an area of concern as evidenced by the creation of the Kriel Commission in 1966. The protection of this national asset would be "...in the best interest of the region and of the country as totality..." (Kriel Commission.
The State of the Mouth
The earliest identified threat was the possible closure of the St. Lucia Estuary by sedimentation. Basin degradation was proposed as a major cause of the silting of the St. Lucia Estuary. A major goal of the NPB policy was to maintain the open condition of the St. Lucia Estuary.
Causes of mouth closure
Conclusion
The main concern for the NPB during this time was the continued observed deterioration of the St. Lucia Estuary and Estuary. EKZNW also presented the natural climate cycles of the St Lucia system as a driver for change. 2003) Management of the St. Lucia Estuary: the key to maintaining the integrity of the system.
Introduction
This is followed in section 6.3 by an examination of the status of the St. Lucia estuary and estuary, including identifying the storylines presented by stakeholders. These are then explored further in Section 6.4 with a discussion of the causes of the state of the estuary and estuary and, in Section 6.5, the official policy response to these causes to identify the key policy vocabularies and discourse coalitions that illustrate institutional practices. . Finally, section 6.7 introduces Cyclone Demoina as a major flood that changed the state of the estuary and the estuary and the thinking of the authorities.
Epistemic notions: ‘Man over Nature’
This new focus on intergenerational environmental protection established the roots of the sustainable development discussion during this period. This resonates strongly with the principles of environmental management, which also gained prominence during this time. Environmental stewardship is rooted in religious (especially Judeo-Christian) principles and was gaining prominence just before and during this period.
The State of the Mouth
This allowed them to define the lake in a scientific context, thus establishing NPB as an expert in the management of Lake St Lucia and the estuary. Thus, evidence related to the state of the St Lucia estuary and estuary reveals that there are three recognizable environmental discourses. Third, the 'wise use' discourse used by the NPB and the St Lucia sugar growers, which emphasized intervention in the natural environment to ensure that human needs were met.
Scientific explanations for the causes of the state of the mouth
- The role of research in planning for the future
- The battle for scientific dominance
First, the creation of groynes and the associated trapping of sediments caused the shoreline to widen near the mouth of the St Lucia....Finally, dredging continued to be the solution proposed and used by the authorities to mitigate the silting problems of the mouth of the St Lucia. The role of SCADCO and its committees was extremely important to the management of the St Lucia Estuary and Estuary during this period.
Conclusion
Prominent storylines were that the management of the St Lucia Estuary was 'the domain of the engineers', that 'man'. Through the promulgation of the World Heritage Convention Act (Act 49 of 1999) and the consequent consolidation of further protected areas within the park, the current Greater St Lucia Wetland Park was formed, under the leadership of a new authority (Porter et al., 2003). The management of the St. Lucia Estuary has required the input of many government departments and organizations over time.
Introduction
Section 7.4 then discusses the causes of the condition of the St Lucia Estuary and Estuary, as evidenced by stakeholder stories. The Greater St Lucia Wetland Park Authority was established in 2000 under the World Heritage Convention Act (Act 49 of 1999) and the park was consolidated in 2000. National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) of 1998.
Epistemic notions – ‘poverty amidst plenty’
During this period, authorities, independent scientists and the public highlighted the state of the St Lucia estuary as an important issue. This echoed the views of many residents and members of the public during this time period, in addition to sentiments expressed in widespread media coverage of the state of the St Lucia Estuary since 2002 (Picard, 2003). However, perhaps of greater concern to the public is the state of the recreational fishing industry, which has long been established in St Lucia (Taylor.
Drivers for change at the St Lucia estuary mouth
- Umfolozi catchment development and intervention
In addition to the changing natural conditions in St Lucia, development in the Umfolozi catchment has remained a driver of change in the condition of the St Lucia Estuary and Estuary. The water that drains from its catchment into the Umfolozi River is essential to the functioning of the St Lucia system. This has significantly altered the natural flooding process and flow of the Umfolozi River and contributes to the closure of the St Lucia Estuary (GLSWPA, 2004).
Official policy response to the state of the St Lucia mouth
- Managing the St Lucia mouth: ‘assisting Nature’ though
This was influenced by the listing of the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park as a World Heritage Site in 1999 (Porter et al, 2003). The majority of maps collected during the study depicted an open St Lucia estuary (examples of these maps are shown in Appendix D). A strong focus of the public response was on the perceived need for the Wetlands Authority to intervene in the St Lucia estuary and artificially open the mouth of the estuary.
Conclusion
The discourses evident in these explanations can be classified as a combination of “survival” discourses and “wise use” discourses. This was captured in the 'benefits beyond borders' story of a national government policy response that draws heavily on the 'sustainable development' discourse. Prometheus Sustainable development State of the mouth 'Biodiversity is threatened' Survivalist Causes of the state.
The majority of the key documents were obtained from the Natal Parks Board's archives in St. Lucia and Pietermaritzburg. The condition of the St Lucia estuary was described dramatically and always with increasing urgency. The preliminary plan for the development of a multi-purpose canal system in the St Lucia Estuary/Lower Umfolozi River area.
