The research is about exploring the factors that lead to poorly developed and managed Integrated Development Planning (IDP) in the context of cooperative governance and a developmental state. The research examines South Africa's experience in implementing this specific development policy, to determine the extent to which the impact of Integrated Development Planning on service delivery can be improved.
STUDY OUTLINE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
- PURPOSE STATEMENT
- RESEARCH PROBLEM
- RESEARCH QUESTION
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- SUMMARY
As city and regional planning practitioners, we are the main drivers of the integrated development planning process and the Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). In other words, the research is about criticizing both the quality and nature of the process and the output.
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PLANNING DEFINED
The original conceptualization was concerned with specifying “the desired future end state in detail in terms of land use patterns on the ground; … the new approach focuses instead on the plan's objectives and alternative ways of achieving them, all set out in writing rather than detailed maps” (Hall and Tewder-Jones. However, “no attention was paid to their interrelationship and interaction ). – the city became more and more chaotic" (Blumenfeld.
REGIONAL PLANNING
The period immediately following the Second World War saw a resurgence of regional planning due to a "recognition of the role of regional development strategies in economic development and strategic positioning" (Harrison and Todes, 1999: 60). Regional planning theory is the basis for integration, as it emphasizes the connection between environment, population and economy, i.e.
INTEGRATION
In terms of process, Local Agenda 21 local policies should also be developed using the logic of justice of communicative rationality theory, involve multiple stakeholders and be participatory. 23. environment) and the management/decision-making process in terms of an approach that uses postmodernist ideals.
REFLECTIONS ON PLANNING THEORY
Communicative planning places greater emphasis on the communication aspects of the planning process, particularly debates and arguments. Urban planning developed and found its relevance during the urban social challenges of the post-industrial revolution, during which period there was a strong belief in classical scientific research.
SYSTEMS VIEW OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
- Systems Thinking at a glance
- Systems Thinking approach to planning
The fact is that “system obsolescence is now well and truly upon us and is marked. The rise of the systems view of planning can therefore be seen as a logical response to the shortcomings of physicalist theory" (Taylor.
INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
- Theoretical pillars
- Roots in Strategic Planning
- Defining Integrated Development Planning
- The IDP methodology
- Systems view of Integrated Development Planning
The emergence of the systems view of planning can thus be seen as a logical response to the shortcomings of the physicalist theory” (Taylor, 1998: 64). The next step is to determine realistic goals and specific objectives based on the analysis results. Integrated development planning in South Africa was introduced with the promulgation of the Municipal Systems Act (Act No. 32) 2000, hereinafter referred to as the Systems Act.
Implementation-oriented planning - the strategic aspect should not be confused with the fact that the plan should not be detailed; rather it should be. In this study, integrated development planning is explored both as a management mechanism aimed at transforming the country and as a planning practice.
SUMMARY
The title of this research project is 'A Systemic Inquiry into the Challenges of Integrated Development Planning - A South African Experience'. Planning theories deal with both the process of planning and the substance or object that is planned, namely substantive planning theories and procedural planning theories. Consequently, it is important to clarify IDP in relation to systems thinking theory as well as planning theory, but this distinction is not always absolute. The Communicative Rationality Theory used in this research to understand the IDP experience as it is practiced in South Africa can primarily be categorized as a procedural theory.
The systems thinking view of planning, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with 'substance'. environment) with which city planning is concerned, and can therefore be considered core theory (Chadwick, 1971). The chapter then discussed the extent to which IDP as a planning activity has been shaped by the systems thinking approach - at least at the conceptual level.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
- RESEARCH PARADIGM
- DATA COLLECTION
- Method
- Sampling Technique
- Interviews Schedule
- DATA ANALYSIS
- ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- SUMMARY
Determine the extent to which the limited impact of Integrated Development Planning on service delivery and governance is due to government structure and practice; To determine the extent to which the limited impact of Integrated Development Planning on service delivery and governance is due to deficiencies in its theoretical basis; and. One of the key personnel CSIR uses to provide advisory services to SA.
The questions are structured, in accordance with the objectives of the research, to determine the extent to which the impact of Integrated Development Planning on service delivery can be improved. This is particularly important given the nature of the research, which is addressing a practical problem and the interviewees are actively involved in the process.
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
INTRODUCTION
DATA COLLECTION PROCESS
Open questions were used because they are better suited to initiating an open discussion than a questionnaire. According to Kvale (1996), open-ended questions and focused interviews are considered more appropriate when the research focuses on the respondents' facts about the topic at hand, and this was the case for this project. Although some questions were prepared in advance, they were therefore not used and were not intended as an exhaustive list, but to be added, subtracted and rephrased as the interviews progressed.
In terms of sampling, the study targeted a specific type of people working with IDPs for expertise information. This approach enabled direct interaction with the respondents and allowed the interviews to be more interactive than question and answer sessions.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
- Notion of integrated planning
- Democratising planning
- Limited debate and innovation
- Quality of the plan
- Institutionalised Strategic Planning
- Ownership of the plan
- Leadership
- Powers and functions
- Backlog pressures
- Synchronisation of intergovernmental processes
- Power dynamics
- Spatial planning
- Implementation
- Performance management
Throughout the IDP experience, planning was considered part of the management process. As already indicated, all respondents were satisfied with the concept of the IDP and its methodology in general. It is argued that as a result of the above, there is not even good quality use of the already available data.
Ultimately, it is the local government (rightly or wrongly) that is expected to take the lead in ensuring that the IDP is implemented. However, one of the problems identified is that the law does not make it illegal to implement a development initiative that is not in the IDP.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
There is concern about the quality of the plan, among other things, due to limited or no debate. In terms of discipline, the EDP is a planning approach to development management, therefore it belongs to the field of urban and regional planning. IDP is not a simple and straightforward process; it is complex both in terms of the nature of the issues it seeks to address and in terms of being an iterative process.
We have tended to focus on aspects of the theory that deal with communicating with the public, enabling their voices to be heard and empowering them to participate, albeit to varying degrees;. IDP is not a simple and straightforward process; it is complex both in terms of the complexity of the issues it addresses and in terms of the iterative process.
SUMMARY
While the findings of the study suggest that the IDP concept is sound both theoretically and methodologically, this does not mean that there are no gaps, especially in terms of methodology and methods, but as a tool it is quite good. to provide adequate solutions if properly implemented. The study also reveals that the impact of the IDP based on its well-informed ideals has not met expectations. While significant progress has been made especially in infrastructure development, there are still major problems in all other aspects related to that infrastructure.
Performance has been poor in developing individuals and communities outside of infrastructure, which is arguably more important. Barriers to its effectiveness and benefits that can be realized by all stakeholders is the way the methodology is tampered with.
RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH AIMS REVISITED
To determine the causal factors of ineffectiveness of integrated development planning as a management tool for robust service delivery. To determine the extent to which the limited impact of integrated development planning on service delivery and governance is due to government structure and practices. To determine the changes necessary for integrated development planning to improve overall service delivery and management efficiency.
What prevents Integrated Development Planning from meeting its expectations according to its policy documents. What changes are needed if Integrated Development Planning is to fulfill its promise.
CONCLUSIONS
- Notion of integrated planning
- Democratising planning
- Limited debate and innovation
- Quality of the plan
- Institutionalised Strategic Planning
- Ownership of the plan
- Leadership
- Powers and functions
- Backlog pressures
- Synchronisation of intergovernmental processes
- Power dynamics
- Spatial planning
- Implementation
- Performance management
However, the practice or implementation of the IDP concept turned out to be far from ideal. This was seen as a positive contribution, strengthening local democracy and the general understanding of how government works. However, the results of the process were not linked to state budgets in any meaningful way.
With the results of the process not linked to budgets, residents effectively had no say in their own development. The strength of the IDP is its response to local strategic issues that may not manifest in the same way as the municipality next door.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Second, neighborhoods are not viewed by municipalities as entities intended to be used for better management of the municipality; they are actually seen as being intended to enable neighborhood representation and not as a development management purpose. These district-based plans need to be reworked to ensure that they are part of the IDP, both in terms of organizational structures and methodology. The Auditor General's audit focus should extend its scope to the preparation and implementation of the IDP.
The IDP is currently part of the audit process, but is limited to only answering the "what" part of the process, not the. Given the benefits of past experience and the current state of the IDP process, revitalizing the core team approach is critical.
SUMMARY
A systems view of planning: towards a theory of the urban and regional planning process: Pergamon Press Oxford. Journal of Organizational Transformation and Social Change Vol Introduction: Entering the Field of Qualitative Research, California: Sage Publications. 2011) Towards a larger urban geography: regional planning and associated networks in London during the early twentieth century. 2000) Systems Approach to management, New York: Plenum Publishers.
1998) Doing Research in Business and Management: An Introduction to Processes and Methods, California: SAGE Publications Inc. 2014) Future, Change and Choices: Strategic Planning Methods for the Built Environment Durban, South Africa: Prontaprint. The Regional Imperative: Regional Planning and Governance in Britain, Europe and the United States: Routledge.
LIST OF SECONDARY DATA USED
CONSENT LETTER
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
ETHICAL CLEARANCE LETTER
