For the purpose of this research, the communication component of knowledge management will be addressed in terms of knowledge transfer between the organization and strategic stakeholders to contribute to sustainable OSR building. The success of the organization is based on cooperation between the organization and strategic stakeholders;
A SEQUENTIAL, INTEGRATED, SUSTAINABLE ORGANISATION-STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIP (SISOSR) FRAMEWORK
It is vital that the dominant coalition shares the same two-way communication worldview of the communications executive to ensure a sustainable construction of THVs. The capabilities of the organization and the strategic partners are now combined to achieve mutually beneficial solutions to problems in order to achieve a common goal.
CONCLUSION
Bruning (Eds.), Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations (pp. 73-93). Bruning (Eds.), Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations (pp. 117-136).
Conceptualising strategic communication management (SCM) in the context of governance and stakeholder
STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT (SCM)
According to the Pretoria School of Thought (De Beer, 2010; De Beer, Steyn & Rensburg, forthcoming 2013), Strategic Communication Management (SCM) is a scientific worldview or paradigm that conceptualizes communication management in the strategic context of an organization. Since an issue cannot be considered as such without the involvement of a stakeholder or interest/advocacy group, the stakeholders and public/advocacy groups that develop around the issues must receive the attention of the organization (Steyn, in Toth, 2007). If it is guided only by the process of gathering, understanding and interpreting the often conflicting expectations of certain stakeholders, the organization will improve the quality of its decision-making processes and speed up their implementation.
The integration of the governance process for stakeholder relations with that of border crossing and issue management is therefore essential (Muzi Falconi, 2010: 5). 1 'Corporate communication' is used in this article because of the negative connotation of the term 'public relations', and also because the latter is often equated with the tactical level. 2 People or groups are stakeholders when they are affected by an organization's decisions/behavior, or when their behavior/decisions affect the organization (Grunig & Repper, in Grunig.
The above process constitutes the contribution of corporate communication to strategic decision-making, which manifests itself in input into the development of an organization's corporate strategy, i.e.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
According to Steyn and De Beer (2012), the field of corporate communication currently has much to offer to bring about the organizational changes mentioned above; for example, through the performance of its strategic role in the new organizational process of 'integrated reporting.'. However, it is the authors' view that current developments in business-society relations (especially the stakeholder involvement approach to governance) require an expansion of the SCM concept to also include governance principles in its value-added contributions to the organization . . Corporate communication practitioners must remain relevant to the priorities, issues and risks of the 21st century organization.
Not only will the expectations/concerns of stakeholders and society's interest groups have an impact on the SCM function in the organisation, but the expectations of top management will also place new demands on it. The research objective of this exploratory study was to extend SCM conceptually by exploring it in the context of governance, with reference to stakeholder involvement.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The activities of the strategist are carried out at the highest management or social level of the organization - representing the strategic contribution of corporate communication in the process of developing the company's strategy. The traditional measure of corporate "profit" - the bottom line of the profit and loss account. Completion of the company's "planet" account - a measure of how environmentally responsible the organization has been.
The interests of key stakeholders must be included in the very purpose of the organization. Grunig, Grunig and Ehling (in Grunig, 1992) state that stakeholders (strategic groups) are the raison d'être (justification) for the existence of the corporate communication function. A central debate in the corporate governance literature is the shareholder perspective (traditional/narrow view of governance) versus the stakeholder perspective (broad view).
Boards of directors are requested to take legitimate interest groups' interests and expectations into account when making decisions in the best interest of the company.
BROADENING SCM AT THE META-THEORETICAL LEVEL
The stakeholder approach (Section 4.3) states that the organization "must take into account the needs, interests and influences of people and groups that either affect or may be affected by its strategies, policies and operations". The authors concluded that the stakeholder approach should be added to the meta-theoretical framework of corporate communication (in addition to the reflective/societal approach), to incorporate stakeholder expectations, concerns, values and norms to be brought to management . attention (in the SCM process) for strategy development purposes. The stakeholder approach (Section 4.3) also posits that there is a “critical role for value-based and value-based management within business strategy.
The authors concluded that the assumptions related to value-based management provide additional justification for the stakeholder approach to be added to corporate communication's meta-theoretical framework, as it explains how different organizational stakeholders can work together despite their different needs and expectations. It is suggested that the stakeholder inclusiveness approach to management be added to the meta-theoretical framework for SCM. This is further support for adding the stakeholder inclusiveness approach (to governance) to the meta-theoretical framework for VKB.
To summarize: the TBL approach, the stakeholder approach and the stakeholder involvement approach (for governance) were added to the meta-theoretical framework of SCM.
CONCEPTUALISING SCM FROM A GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE
Social responsibility {is} regarded as the core of corporate communication practices – the resolution or avoidance of conflict between organizational behavior and the public perception of how socially responsible organizations should function. It was also found that corporate communication (especially in its strategic role, known as SCM) can be considered as a stakeholder-oriented/responsible approach. Based on the insights obtained through the conceptual analysis, the core of corporate communication practice in the reflective paradigm has been broadened from social responsibility to social responsibility.
That is, corporate communication helps to resolve or avoid conflict between organizational behavior and the public perception of how socially responsible organizations should operate. The reflective task of corporate communication (inward communication) has therefore also been broadened: in its strategic/reflective role, corporate communication acts as a sensor. By assisting the organization to be (com) a good corporate citizen, the core of corporate communication practices becomes social responsibility – including economic and environmental responsibility in addition to social responsibility.
In its strategic role, corporate communication helps the organization to obtain the necessary approval - a license to operate - from those who are affected and affected by its operations (gaining legitimacy and gaining the trust of stakeholders and society).
CONCLUSION
Given the many theoretical/conceptual connections and shared assumptions between meta-theoretical approaches to corporate communication (especially its strategic role) and management, the authors concluded that it is theoretically useful and insightful to first extend SCM in the context of management at a meta-theoretical level before conceptualizing it. Presentation during the Council on Communications Management (CCM) Assembly, SACOMM Conference, University of Johannesburg. Available online at http://praxis.massey.ac.nz/prism_on-line_journ.html (accessed 2/5/2010).
Reflective public relations: a commentary on conceptual and empirical similarities and differences between South African and European research. Institutionalizing the strategic role of corporate communication/public relations through its contribution to corporate strategy and corporate governance.
Network Direct Selling Organisations
NETWORK DIRECT SELLING ORGANISATIONS
With symmetrical schismogenesis, the nature of the relationship between individuals results in evoking similar responses in one another. Information, utterances and meanings are aspects which for the system cannot exist independently of the system; they are co-created within the communication process. He goes on to argue that “Communication involves understanding as a necessary part of the unity of its functioning.
The following section attempts to demonstrate how language constitutes an important part of the information that creates the unity of synthesis in Luhmann's definition of communication. The expectations that are created in NDSO networks become embedded in the language and metaphors that form part of the information selection, expression and, ultimately, understanding that emerges in NDSO. Ashcraft, Kuhn and Cooren recommend that thematization of the meaning and content of communication should be studied further.
Further exploration of the divisive metaphor may also offer additional insight into how meanings are created through communication networks.
CONCLUSION
The schismatic metaphor does provide a powerful framework for analyzing social systems, and its application to network-type organizations should be further explored. Luhmann's theory of social systems should be further explored as a suitable framework for positioning arguments about the centrality of communication, language and meaning within the broader framework of constructivist epistemology. The schismatic metaphor can also provide additional insight into how meanings are created through communication networks.
Metaphor and the dynamics of knowledge in organizational theory: a case study of the organizational identity metaphor. A second-order cybernetic explanation for the existence of direct selling network organizations as self-creating systems. What is the matter?" and "what lies behind it?" The two sociologies and social theory.
Available online at: http://www.cw.utwente.nl/theoreenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Communication%20Pro (Accessed at.
Reframing South African TV news as peace journalism
- THIS EXPERIMENT
- SOUTH AFRICA: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
- ROLES OF SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNALISM AND MEDIA
- CONTENT ANALYSIS
- RESEARCH MATERIAL
- AUDIENCE RESPONSES: FROM THOUGHT-LISTING PROTOCOLS
- FOCUS GROUPS
- CONCLUSION
Germany had a seat at the table in international diplomacy over conflict episodes in Southeast Europe in the 1990s, but no skin in the game. This approach, which attempts to measure the scope of peace journalism by analyzing the content of media reports, has accounted for much, perhaps most, of the published research in the field (such as Lee & Maslog, 2005; the studies collected by Ross and Tehranian, 2008; and in South Africa, Hyde-Clarke, 2011). This exercise formed one segment of a series of data collection exercises in the South African branch of the study.
It publishes a regular column contributed by the head of the government's communications and information system. The original package was "linked" to a visit to the settlement by a deputation from the opposition Democratic Alliance. Many of the comments echoed elements of the high-scoring editorial on the subject in the Mail and Guardian, discussed above.
Viewers of both versions of the gang-rape story were unanimous in their condemnation of the act.
