Nevertheless, nation building is one of the major important national activities that every African leader must face (Uchendu, 1977). Nigeria, like many African countries, has had its share of nation-building challenges. As in other parts of Africa, the partition of the African continent in 1884/85 separated ethnic nationalities that had lived together for centuries between Nigeria and its immediate neighbours.
Similarly, some parts of Hausa in Northern Nigeria were divided between Nigeria and Southern Niger. The same can be said of the Mandara, Jukun, Chamba and Efik between Nigeria and Cameroon (Asiwaju, 1984, 6). Across the border, relations between Nigeria and its immediate neighbors involving resentment are well documented.
Attempts have been made to address some of the factors that have led the Nigerian government to close its borders with its immediate neighbours. It is interesting to note that the formation of the NBC was a by-product of border and border-related issues between Nigeria and its neighboring countries (Asiwaju, 2013). The communiqué prepared during each of the workshops serves as a blueprint for addressing the numerous border issues between Nigeria and its immediate neighbours.
The place of African history and culture in the process of nation-building in sub-Saharan Africa.
Urban Health and Community Resilience in the Context of Lagos State's Development Agenda
The development agenda of Lagos State includes health and resilience areas of focus such as housing, health, security and transportation. Given that urban health and resilience intersect, understanding urban systems, structures and institutional mechanisms is necessary for sustainable societal transformation (United Nations-Habitat 2010). The health sector can play a central role in building political will, analyzing policies and coordinating intersectoral action. for resilience. The Rockefeller Foundation's resilience framework was used for its prominent role in designing resilience in cities worldwide (Kinney 2016). The resilience framework is a lens to understand the drivers of resilience within cities (Da Silva & Moench 2014).
The Health and Resilience Planning Framework notes governance as an important factor in integrating health and resilience into urban development. The Health and Resilience Planning Framework notes the environment as an important factor in integrating health and resilience into urban development. The Health and Resilience Planning Framework notes both housing and transport as a significant factor in integrating health and resilience into urban development.
The Health and Resilience Planning Framework identifies both poverty and unemployment as an important factor for integrating health and resilience into urban development. The Health and Resilience Planning Framework identifies food security as an important factor for integrating health and resilience into urban development. The health and resilience planning framework identifies security as an important factor for integrating health and resilience into urban development.
The health and resilience planning framework identifies health as an important factor for integrating health and resilience into urban development. The Health and Resilience Planning Framework cites citizen participation, social networks and integrated communities as an important factor for integrating health and resilience into urban development. The Bureau of Statistics reports on local government jobs, but this data would be more useful in improving employment numbers if it also reported on private, state, federal, and informal sector jobs (Lagos State Digest or Statistics 2013). The state collected data on how many skills training programs existed (Lagos State Digest of Statistics 2013), but it would be more effective in informing action if it detailed these skills in relation to the skills gap in the economy and the employment rates resulting from these training programs .
This was repeated in relation to governance and budgeting processes (Mogo et al. n.d.). Disadvantage is higher among slum dwellers in Nigeria compared to other subgroups (Mberu et al. 2015, pp. 422-445). Heynen, N, Perkins H & Roy, P 2006, 'The political ecology of uneven urban green space', Urban Affairs Review, vol. Mulligan K, Elliott, S & Schuster-Wallace, C 2012, 'Health country and country health: Dengue fever and urban governance in Putrajaya, Malaysia', Health and Country, vol.
Smith, A & Stirling, A 2010, 'The politics of social-ecological resilience and sustainable socio-technical transitions', Ecology and Society, vol. Vale, LJ 2014, 'The politics of resilient cities: whose resilience and whose city?', Building Research & Information, vol.
Adherence to Occupational Health and Safety Standards
The Case of a South African Steel Processing Company
J. MOJAPELO
To date, there is little information on the effectiveness of South African government initiatives in promoting health and safety regulations in the steelmaking sector (Edwards, Davey & . Armstrong, 2014). Therefore, it is very unlikely that they are fully familiar with the health and safety needs of employees at the shop floor level (Bosak, Coetsee &. Council of the European Communities, 1989) Workplace incidents include near misses, accidents and work. - related diseases, and must be reported and documented.
The main focus of the OHSA is to protect the health and safety of workers or any other persons from harm in connection with the use of the plant and machinery (Kopel, 2009; Nel, van Dyk, Haasbroek, Shultz, Sono & Werner, 2009 ). Employees' attitudes towards health and safety are reflected in the behavioral component, which is fundamental. Workplace stress is one of the invisible health problems faced by many employees in many steel manufacturing companies.
Descriptive statistics were used to conduct analysis of the demographic profile of the respondents and mean score analysis was conducted to examine the extent of compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act within the steel processing industry in South Africa. There were three items measuring the union's role in health and safety issues. According to the results of the second point (x̅ =3.39; SD=1.019), the union was proactively involved in occupational health and safety meetings.
The study recommends that employees receive periodic training on the importance of health and safety standards. Employee awareness of the importance of hazard identification and risk assessment in the workplace should be increased. I would like to thank Professor Alain Ndedi for reading the first draft of the article.
Finally, I thank the field workers who helped fill out the questionnaires in the study. A critical review of the effectiveness of Department of Labor (DoL) Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S). In the reference list, give the initials and last names of the first six authors and abbreviate the remaining authors to et al.
For articles in newspapers or magazines where no author is mentioned, the title is used instead of the author. 92 African Journal of Governance and Development | Volume 6 No. 1 • June 2017 Illinois State Office Microfiche of the Superintendent of Public.
