The findings show that respondents demonstrated a satisfactory understanding of waste management and the impact of poor waste management. The background of the study will take a closer look at the challenges of waste management in different countries and South Africa in particular.
Background of the Study
In South Africa and the world today, waste management has reached alarming levels and countries are struggling to deal with waste. Due to diverse living practices in the same town, management authorities cannot provide a uniform solid waste management system (Naem and Nasi, 2012).
Problem Statement
Rationale for the Study
Significance of the Study
Purpose of the study
Objectives of the study
Definition of terms
Waste management practices – for the purpose of this study, waste management practices refer to those regular waste management activities that are considered normal. Impact - for the purpose of this study, impact refers to the negative effects of poor waste management.
Arrangement of chapters
LITERATURE REVIEW
Legislations Governing Waste management in South Africa
The findings showed that the respondents are aware of the impact of poor waste management. People are aware of the dangers of poor waste management for people and the environment. Most respondents agreed that waste management is the responsibility of all people in the household.
Despite the above limitation, the study provides important information on waste management practices. The residents of Khakhanwa Village are aware of the impact of poor waste management on human health and the environment. APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE: The study of waste management practices within households in Khakhanwa Village, Thulamela Municipality.
Information sheet for people participating in the study of waste management practices within households of Khakhanwa village. Consent Form for Participation in the study on household waste management practices in Khakhanwa village.
South African Statistics on Household Refuse Removal
Knowledge and Awareness on Waste management
Practice of Waste Management within Households
Acceptable and Safe Practices of Domestic Waste Management
The aim of the study was to describe waste management practices within households in Khakhanwa Village of Thulamela Municipality. The study findings are presented in the following sections: demographic information, common types of waste generated in Khakhanwa, waste management practices and knowledge of the impact of poor waste management. This shows that the respondents have a high level of knowledge regarding the impact of poor waste management.
This section contains a discussion of the research findings on household waste management in Khakhanwa Village. It was found that poverty is the main cause of poor waste management in Khakhanwa. This is because the respondents are aware of the dangers of poor waste management, yet continue with poor waste management.
This brings us to why proper waste management is not practiced while people are aware of the consequences of poor waste management. But looking at their economic background, waste management is not a priority for most of the villagers.
Impact of Poor Waste Management
Possible Control Strategies for waste Management
There are many forms of possible approaches that can be followed to deal with household waste management. Godfrey and Oelofse (2009) have shown that municipalities responsible for waste management face greater challenges in providing quality services. They believe it is the municipality's responsibility to provide waste management services, as set out in the South African Constitution.
Likewise, Ukpong and Udophia (2011) recommended that improved funding of waste management unit and provision of appropriate equipment for the collection and disposal of waste should be undertaken.
Summary
This includes the provision of garbage bins and the use of open spaces that can be used for illegal dumping for projects that benefit the community. The skills shortage, combined with the high turnover of workers within municipalities, presents further challenges to sustainable waste management (Godfrey and Oelofse, 2009). Manpower training without improved funding will amount to nothing as it is improved funding that will enable the unit to acquire the right equipment such as trucks, traction locomotives, mechanical diggers and mechanical diggers etc.
Establishing a database of waste generation in the city is necessary for proper planning of waste collection and disposal and for deciding on the type and capacity of waste treatment equipment to be purchased.
Introduction
The Study Design
The Study Setting
The main focus of the findings will be on the demographic profiles of the respondents, the main types of waste handled in Khakhanwa village, waste management practices and knowledge of the impact of poor waste management. Lack of adequate source of income can lead to poor waste management due to unaffordability of waste management services. Poor waste management is not limited to Khakhanwa or South Africa.
In addition, they are aware that good waste management is important for our health and the environment. The financial status of a country as a whole also contributes to the state of waste management. Although residents of Khakhanwa Village are aware of the impact of poor management on human health and the environment, proper waste management is not practiced.
However, even though people are aware of these impacts, they do not stop poor waste management practices. 2012). International Journal of Science and Technology, 8 (1) p. 2013) Solid Waste Management Practices of Households in the University of Eastern Philippines.
Study Population
Sampling
Maree (2009:79) defines sampling as the process used to select a portion of the population for study. Due to the small population of Khakhanwa Village, a total population was used for this study. Each household was represented by one participant and therefore only one individual per household was interviewed for the purpose of this study.
A few respondents indicated that they were not interested and that they did not want to be part of the study.
Data collection Tool
Some households were uninhabited and the traditional authority indicated that other families had moved and some people worked too far from home and were rarely found inside their households.
Pre-test
Validity and Reliability of data collection tool…
Reliability is concerned with the repeatability of research findings and whether or not they will be replicated in another study, using the same methods (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003). To ensure the reliability of the instrument, the researcher administered the same instrument twice (test-retest), one week apart to 35 people from a village near Khakhanwa and compared the results. The test-retest results showed that the instrument is reliable because the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.7.
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Research should never harm the people being studied, whether or not they volunteer for the research (Babbie, 2008:65). The investigation itself did not involve any potential harm. Respondents were assured that they could withdraw from the study if they felt at any point that they no longer wished to continue. The right to privacy was explained to them, as well as the fact that they are not required to disclose information if they are not ready to do so.
Confidentiality was maintained by protecting the completed questionnaires and making sure they were only accessed by the researcher and statistician.
Summary
RESULTS
Demographic Profiles of Respondents
Common types of household wastes in Khakhanwa Village
The majority (n of participants believed that waste management is relevant to their local community and environment, while a small percentage (n believed that it is not relevant. As can be seen in Table 4.2 below, plastics (32.7), biodegradable waste (61 .5%) and napkins (37.8%) are the main common types of waste generated in the Khakhanwa residential area.
Household Waste Management Practices
It also illustrates that the municipality does not collect waste from the households and that respondents do not take their waste to legal landfills. Some of the waste is stored in landfills and others are dumped in open dumps. Just over 10% of the respondents reported that they always have rubbish bins within their households and over 89% never had a rubbish bin in their households.
The table also shows that all (100%) have reported that the municipality has never provided them with waste collection bins.
Knowledge of the impact of Poor Waste Management
Summary
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Common types of Household Wastes
In addition, future researchers should focus on the impact of poor waste management on people and the environment due to a lack of services in rural areas. 2012) Issues and challenges of solid waste management practices in Port-Harcourt City, Nigeria – a behavioral perspective. Unpublished dissertation (MSc), Pan African Institute for Development West Africa. 2009) The state of household waste management in South Africa.
Unpublished Thesis (MSc), University of South Africa. 2013) Community Attitude, Perception and Readiness towards Solid Waste Management in Bangalore City, Karnataka, India. Statistics South Africa, (2012) General Household Survey. 2013) Community Awareness of Solid Waste Management Practices: A Case Study of Etopia. 2003) Urban solid waste management in low-income Asian countries: how to deal with the waste crisis.
Household Waste Management Practices
Knowledge of the Impact of Poor Waste Management
Summary
Introduction
Conclusions
This section presents the conclusion of the study based on the findings and data analysis in Chapter Four. Disposing of waste in rivers is discouraged, indicating that residents are aware of the impact of this practice.
Recommendations
The Ministry of Education should include education in waste management in their curricula for students from an early age, so that they can grow up with awareness, knowledge, responsibility and the ability to practice safe waste management. Government and its stakeholders should provide outreach programmes, awareness campaigns and capacity building in local communities with the aim of improving current waste management practices and protecting our environment.
Limitations of the study
Summary
Furthermore, future researchers should focus on the impact of poor waste management on people and the environment as a result of lack of services in rural areas. 2012). 2011) Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding waste management of selected hostel students of University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. 2009) Communication Research Techniques, Methods and Applications, 2nd ed. 2012) Domestic Waste Management and Urban Environment: Focus on Akure, Nigeria.
Center for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria. 2013) Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with waste management in Jos South Metropolis, Plateau State. Canada: John Wiley and Sons. 2011) Validation Criteria Feasibility of Alternatives for Solid Household Waste Management: University of Petrosani. South Africa, National Waste Management Strategy (2011) South Africa, South African Association for Local Government (2014) South Africa, Thulamela Individual Development Plan.2013/2014.
