We thank Ms. J. Benson for copy-editing the manuscript.
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Chapter 8: Vertigo and dizziness 69
Background
Recent years have been marked by a renewed interest of neurologists in sleep disorders, not only primary sleep dis-orders such as narcolepsy with or without cataplexy, idio-pathic hypersomnia with or without long sleep time, restless legs syndrome, but also sleep disorders associated with neuro-logical conditions such as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder predominantly in synucleinopathies, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in stroke patients or in neurodegenerative conditions, etc.
Framing clinical questions
In this chapter five different issues will be referred to: obstruct-ive sleep apnoea syndrome in stroke patients, due to the high incidence of the phenomenon and the unsettled therapeutic attitude; narcolepsy, given the recent discovery of the role of the loss or dysfunction of hypocretin/orexin neurons, both in animal models and in humans, and the emergence of a renewed treatment, sodium oxybate; idiopathic hypersomnia in consideration of the recent distinction between idiopathic hypersomnia with and without long sleep time; REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) due to its frequently outdating appearance of daytime symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies, and insomnia in Parkinson’s disease, because of its numerous aetiological factors and the complex-ity of treatment.