Dalam modul ini peserta mempelajari ulasan teori tentang language expression dengan tujuan peserta dapat menggunakannya dalam berbagai situasi sesuai konteks sebagai ukuran dari indicator pencapaian dalam modul ini.
Dari ulasan teori tersebut diharapkan juga peserta mampu menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan terkait dengan apa yang sudah dipelajari sebelumnya
Pada bagian ini anda diharapkan sudah memiliki pengetahuan tentang modal auxiliaries dengan baik. Setelah itu Anda mengerjakan latihan soal berdasarkan pemahaman yang anda miliki tentang modal auxiliaries.
E. Latihan/Tugas/Kasus
Latihan 1a:
The following exercises refer to the previous theory of language expressions given.
Exercise 1
1. Mention the various kinds of language expressions known beyond the laguage expressions you learned in this section!
2. Give example in the form of dialog the language expression you found! 3. Read carefully the following dialogs:
Dialog 1
Amin : Another piece of cherry pie? Budi : No, thanks. I‟m on a diet.
Amin : Please, do. You‟ve hardly eaten anything. Budi : It‟s delicious, but I don‟t think I ought to. Answer the following questions based on dialog 1
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a. The expressions used on dialog 1 are ... b. Write Modal Verbs found on dialog 1 above!
Dialog 2
Asti : Can Tom go out to lunch? Bimo : No, he can‟t.
Asti : Why can‟t he go to lunch? Bimo : He must go to the doctor. Asti : The doctor? Is he sick? Bimo : No. He must get a physical
Answer the following questions based on dialog 2 a. The expressions used on dialog 1 are ... b. Write Modal Verbs found on dialog 1 above!
Exercise 2
Choose the right answer by crossing (X) A, B, C, D, or E! 1. Intan : Hi, Ndra. What‟s your result for the English test?
Indra : Not too bad. I got 90.
Intan : What! You said it is not bad. It‟s really good mark you know. Well done guys.
In the underline sentence above Intan shows her expressions of… A. congratulation. C. surprise. E. shock.
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2. Irham: Hi. I heard that you‟ve been accepted in one of the best school in town
Yuli : Yeah, that‟s right. It makes me so nervous before. But, I‟m relief now.
Irham: Congratulation on that. Yuli : Thanks anyway.
The underline phrase in the dialogue shows the expression of…
A. compliment. C. agreement. E. surprise. B. congratulation. D. like.
3. Isfa : Congratulation, Vika! You‟re really the best Javanese dancer. Vika : No, not at all. I just want to share what I know.
The underlined expression means that Vika….
A. can‟t deny that D. wanted to say that Isfa was wrong B. didn‟t believe Isfa E. really wished to become a good C. agreed with Isfa dancer
4. Suci : Hey you look nice with that dress. Ami : Thanks. I made it by myself.
Suci : Really. What a wonderful dress. You are such a talented tailor
The underlined sentence in the dialogue above shows the expression of…
A. like D. giving attention C. Complement B. gratitude E. pleasure
5. Bintang : Sorry, I came late.
Firda : You look pale. What‟s the matter with you? Bintang : My head is a little bit dizzy.
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Firda : That‟s bad. I‟m sorry for asking you to come. Should I take you to see a doctor?
Bintang :________________________
The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …
A. Sorry, I can‟t.
B. Thanks for your help. C. Are you sure about it? D. That‟s a terrible thing. E. No, thanks. I‟ll be just fine.
6. Mirna : What‟s wrong with you? You look unhappy today. Sinta : I lost my purse this morning.
Mirna : Oh, how awful! I‟m sorry to hear that.
The underlined sentence shows the expression of …
A. gratitude. D. giving attention. B. congratulation. E. disappointment. C. compliment.
7. Son : Dad, I will join a football competition next week, but I‟m so nervous.
Father: Take it easy, son. I believe you can handle it. You have good ability in football.
The underlined utterance shows that his father ….
A. giving encouragement D. asking suggestion B. warning his son E. giving opinion C. praising his son
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The following text is used to answer no. 8, 9, and 10 School
I think children should go to school. It is a place where they can learn, make friends and have fun.
If they don‟t go to school children may never learn to read and write. This means that they might not get a good job or any job at all
At school children can learn about lots of different things like maths, science, famous people and different countries. At school you can also play sport and go on excursions to visit interesting places.
That‟s why children should go to school.
Adopted from Knapp and Watkins, 2005
8. The modal verb which indicates ability is found in ...
a. Paragraph one and two d. Paragraph three and four b. Paragraph one and three e. Paragraph two and three c. Paragraph two and four
9. The followings are the function of modal verbs which is found in the text except ...
a. Expressing possibility d. Expressing ability b. Expressing invitation e. Expressing necessity c. Expressing suggestion
10. The modal verb of “can” can be used to express ... a. Ability, offer, invitation, possibility, necessity b. Ability, offer, invitation, possibility, prohibition c. Ability, offer, invitation, possibility, acceptance d. Ability, offer, invitation, possibility, refusal e. Ability, offer, invitation, possibility, suggestion
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Latihan 1b:
Choose thecorrect answer!
1. Dodi : What‟s wrong, Budi? You look unhappy. Budi : My family will move to Bali this week. Dodi : ______________
A. Poor you!
B. Are you kidding? That‟s so fast C. I hate Bali
D. I don‟t care E. I couldn‟t do that
2. Alex : Good afternoon, Mr. Hermawan Mr. Hermawan : Alex! Thank you for coming
Alex : I am very sorry to hear about your daughter. It must be very hard for you.
Mr. Hermawan : It is, but I have to let her go. She had suffered for years because of cancer.
The underline utterance expresses…
A. advice D. invitation
B. surprise E. agreement C. sympathy
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3. Dedi : I really don‟t know what I have to do to make Mr. Burhan pass me next term.
Dodi : Mr. Burhan exam will be about understanding. You just have study hard and make sure you understand all the materials.
Dedi : Oh..that‟s the problem. I have a problem in understanding the materials Dodi : Don‟t worry.I‟ll help you.
The underlined sentence shows …
A. support D. compliment
B. necessity E. preference C. agreement
4. Dono : Dini, what are you going to do this Saturday Dini : Nothing
Dono : How about going to the cinema tonight?
Dini : Sure
Dini is … an invitation
A. offering D. holding B. refusing E. assuring C. accepting
5. Bertha : Gaby where will you spend your holiday? Gaby : I don‟t know, any idea?
Bertha : Why don‟t you join us going to Bali! Gaby : it sounds great!
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A. refusing advice D. giving help B. showing disagreement E. making a request C. offering an invitation
6. A. I need more data about this topic. B. “Haqi might be able to help you.
The underlined sentence means…
A. Perhaps Haqi can help you B. Haqi can help you right now
C. I‟m sure Haqi will be able to help you D. Haqi will certainly be able to help you E. Haqi was able to help you
7. A : Why didn‟t you call this summer?
B : I was working hard at my job all summer, and also taking classes for my
bachelor‟s degree. I didn‟t have a moment to rest.
A : Well now that fall is here. I‟ll give you a ring next week. We can talk about going out on a dinner date
B : That sounds nice, but you‟d better make it the week after. I‟ll be busy with my family all next week
From the dialogue about we may conclude that… A. B refuses to have dinner date
B. B never wants to go with A for dinner C. A offering B to have dinner date
D. A is busy for having dinner next two weeks E. A is busy for his bachelor‟s degree
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8. Dinda : I‟m glad we are finally donewriting this project proposal. We‟ll have to show it to Mr. Kim, though, before we can submit it to the director. Dini : I know, but we‟d better proofread it before we do that
Dinda : Of course, Let‟s go over the proposal now before lunch
Dini : No. I‟m hungry and tired. Let‟s eat first, then we‟ll go over it afterwards.
The underlined expression shows…
A. giving advice D. requesting to read the proposal B. offering something E. asking for something
C. inviting to have lunch
9. Dahlan : Do you have everything you need for your trip? Anie : I even have what I don‟t need
Dahlan : You can never take too much, I always say
Anie : I can‟t say that I disagree with you. I seldom travel with fewer than three suitcases.
In the dialogue above Dahlan advising Anie for… A. Bringing three suitcases
B. Travelling with three suitcases
C. Bringing anything she needed for the trip D. Not taking too much things with her E. Travelling without her suitcases
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10. A : Did you attend the reception last night? B : I would have gone if I had been free
A : You didn‟t miss anything. I wish I had been somewhere else more interesting
B : That‟s too bad. I‟m not sure about tomorrow‟s party, either. I panned to go, but now I might not be able to. It depends on whether I can get this report finished on time.
From the dialogue above we may conclude that…
A. The party was interesting B. B enjoyed the party last night C. B didn‟t attend the party D. B attend the party alone E. A enjoyed the party
11. All her friends believe that she can do her job well.
It means: She …do her job well
A. may D. might B. could E. is able to C. will
12. Rini looks very thin and pale. She …ill A. shall be D. ought to be B. will be E. would have been C. must be
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13. I heard Anwar speak English, French, Dutch, and even Japanese to tourists. He
…the best tourist guide in the town
A. must be D. had better be B. should be E. would rather be C. ought to be
14. The doctor …arrive late because of the traffic jam
A. may D. rather
B. has to E. should C. ought to
15. “Anton left an hour ago”
“Then he …by now.”
A. can arrive D. ought to arrive B. could arrive E. should have arrived C. must arrive
16. “Has Rina called from London?”
“Not yet, she … it right after she arrived a week ago.”
A. had better do D. should have done B. must have done E. would rather have done C. might have done
17. Ardan is playing games on the computer, but actually he …be working on his assignment.
A. can D. might
B. may E. should
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18. I could have asked my sister to go shopping alone.
It means …
A. I went shopping alone B. I didn‟t go shopping
C. My sister went shopping with me D. My sister went shopping alone E. My sister asked me to go shopping
19.He must have seen me eat the fish. It means … A. I must eat the fish
B. He must see me eat the fish
C. I‟m sure that he saw me eat the fish D. He could see me eat the fish E. I expect that he saw me eat the fish
20.The thief …into the room through this window because there are footprints near the window
A. may get D. would rather get B. should get E. must have got C. was to get
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Latihan 2
Complete the sentences using the words listed below can could have to must might should
1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ___________be exhausted after such a long flight. He ___________ prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you ___________ walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak ______________ be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You ____________research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you _______________leave small objects lying around. Such objects _____________ be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: _______________ you hold your breath for more than a minute? Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ________________ have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they ___________ die.
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8. I ______________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I ______________ just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we ______________read it if we needed extra credit. But we ______________read it if we don't want to.
10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It ______________ be in this drawer but it's not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It ______________ be in there. That's the only other place it _ _____________ be.
11. You ______________take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it ______________ rain later on this afternoon.
12. ______________ we pull over at the next rest stop? I really
______________ use the bathroom and I don't know if I ______________ hold it until we get to Chicago.
13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He ______________ have left it here last night.
14. Ned: ______________ I borrow your lighter for a minute?
Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you ______________ keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.
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15. I ______________ believe she said that to Megan! She ______________insult her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She ______________ have just said she was full or had some salad i f she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you ______________chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer ______________ be someone in this room. It ______________ be any one of us!!!
18. Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding. Pamela: It ______________ have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
19. ______________ you always say the first thing that pops into your head? _____________you think once in awhile before you speak?
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room. It ______________ be lying around here somewhere. Where ______________ it be? be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
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F. Rangkuman
Sesuai maknanya functional language adalah kemampuan memahami bahasa sesuai dengan fungsinya. Functional language dalam pemakaiannya disesuaikan dengan fungsinya seperti, “If I were you…” atau “my suggestion is…” digunakan dalam giving advice (memberi nasehat) dan “it was my fault” atau “please forgive
me” digunakan dalam apologizing (permintaan maaf).
Beberapa fungsi komunikasi dalam functional language tersebut antara lain sebagai berikut:
a. Expressing request, permission, and offer (permohonan, izin, dan penawaran)
b. Expressing sympathy (rasa ikut bersedih) c. Expressing prohibition (larangan)
d. Expressing invitation(mengundang), accepting (menerima) dan declining (menolak)
e. Expressing suggestion/recommendation/advice f. Expressing frustration or annoyance
g. Expressing unfulfilled or unrealized actions or events
Seperti yang sudah di jelaskan di atas bahwa modal auxiliaries memiliki makna dan fungsi yang berbeda beda secara kontekstual. Fungsi „can‟ sebagai pemberian ijin akan menggunakan susunan yang sama dengan fungsi “can‟ menunjukkan kemampuan. Namun keduanya akan berbeda secara kontekstual.
„Should‟ memiliki fungsi mengungkapkan keharusan, saran, nasihat dan penyesalan. Fungsi „will‟ mengungkapkan keinginan, rencana, kemungkinan dan
janji. Fungsi „may‟ mengungkapkan pemberian ijin, permintaan ijin,
kemungkinan,penawaran. Fungsi „must‟ mengungkapkan keharusan, kepastian. Fungsi „might‟ mengungkapkan kemungkinan.
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Bentuk negative dengan modal auxiliaries tidak memerlukan kata kerja bantu lain
cukup hanya dengan menambahkan „not‟ sesudah modal auxiliaries.
Bentuk interrogative dengan memposisikan modal auxiliaries diawal kalimat sebelum subjek.
G. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut
Cocokkan jawaban Anda dengan kunci jawaban yang ada di bagian akhir modul ini. Ukurlah tingkat penguasaan materi kegiatan belajar Anda dengan rumus sebagai berikut :
Jumlah jawaban benar x 100% 20
Arti tingkat penguasaan yang diperoleh adalah : Baik sekali = 90 – 100 %
Baik = 80 – 89 % Cukup = 70 – 79 % Kurang = 0 – 69 %
Bila tingkat penguasan Anda mencapai 80 % ke atas, silakan melanjutkan ke Kegiatan Belajar 2. Namun bila tingkat penguasaan Anda masih di bawah 80 % Anda harus mengulangi Kegiatan Belajar 1 terutama pada bagian yang belum dikuasai.
H. Kunci Jawaban
Latihan 1a:Exercise 1 1. Giving advice
2. Asking and giving opinion 3. Showing care
Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional I 92 4. Showing compliment 5. Congratulating Dialogue 1 a. offering something b. ought to Dialogue 2
c. Showing inability, showing care d. Can, can‟t, must
Exercise 2 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. E 6. D 7. C (A) 8. B 9. B 10. C Latihan 1b: 1. B 6. A 11. E 16. D 2. C 7. C 12. C 17. E 3. B 8. C 13. A 18. C 4. C 9. D 14. A 19. C 5. C 10. C 15. C 20. E
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Latihan 2:
1. must/might 8. Could/can 15. Can‟t/should
2. should 9. Could/don‟t have to 16. Have to
3. could/must 10. Should/must/could 17. Must/could 4. mustn‟t/might 11. Should/might 18. could
5. can 12. Can/must 19. Must/can‟t
6. must 13. must 20. Must/can
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Kumpulan LK Kegiatan Belajar 3
LK-3.1 Jenis ekspresi bahasa Inggris
Tuliskan jenis eskpresi bahasa Inggris yang tidak terdapat di materi
ajar daring (dalam jaringan = online), kemudian susunlah dalam
Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional I 95
LK-3.2 Mengungkapkan ekspresi bahasa Inggris
Ucapkanlah beberapa ungkapan yang sudah Anda pelajari (5
ungkapan) pada sesi ini, Anda dapat mengembangkannya, seperti
ekspresi/fungsi mengundang, menerima undangan, dan menolak undangan.
Anda bebas memilih ekspresi yang Anda lebih sukai. Sebagai model Anda
dapat
menyimak
beberapa
contoh
expresi
pada
laman
http://www.eslgold.com/speaking/speaking_situations.html
Jawaban Anda diunggah melalui Assignment.
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LK-3.3 Analisis Penggunaan Modal dalam Konteks
Complete the sentences using the words listed below
can could have to must might should
1. Ted's flight from
Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ___________be exhausted after such a long flight. He ___________ prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you ___________ walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak ______________ be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You ____________research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you _______________leave small objects lying around. Such objects _____________ be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: _______________ you hold your breath for more than a minute? Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ________________ have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they ___________ die.
8. I ______________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we
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PENUTUP
Demikian yang dapat kami paparkan mengenai materi yang menjadipokok bahasan dalam modul ini, tentunya masih banyak kekurangan dan kelemahan nya, karena terbatasnya pengetahuan dan kurangnya rujukan atau referensi yang ada hubungan nya dengan modul ini.
Penulis berharap para pembaca yang budiman sudi memberikan kritik dan saran