BAB V PENUTUP
5.2 Saran
1. Mengidentifikasi fenotip dan genotip isolat T2P2 agar diketahui jenis bakterinya dan lebih memudahkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya.
2. Penelitian lebih lanjut dapat mengenai bioremediasi timbal isolat T2P2 menggunakan variasi konsentrasi timbal.
3. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan menggunakan konsentrasi awal timbal yang sesuai dengan konsentrasi timbal di lingkungan yang tercemar.
21
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ameen F. A., Hamdan A. M., and El-Nanggar M. Y. (2020). Assessment of The Heavy Metal Bioremediation Efficiency of The Novel Marine Lactic Acid Bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum MF042018. Scientific Report. Vol.
10. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57210-3.
Angraeni, S. D. (2017). Kemampuan Bioakumulasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Berdasarkan Waktu Paparanya Oleh Bakteri Endapan Sedimen Perairan Sekitar Rumah Susun Kota Makassar. Skripsi.
Audu, K. E., Adeniji, S. E., and Obidah, J. S. (2020). Bioremediation of Toxic Metals in Mining Site of Zamfara Metropolis Using Resident Bacteria (Pantoea Agglomerans): A Optimization Approach. Heliyon, 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04704.
Ayangbenro, A. S. dan Babalola, O. O. (2017). A New Strategy for Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review of Microbial Biosorbents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Doi:10.3390/ijerph14010094.
Azubuike, C. C., Chikere, C. B., and Okpokwasili, G. C. (2016). Bioremediation Techniques Classification Based on Site of Application: Principles, Advantages, Limitations and Prospects. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
32 (11), 180.
Bakhtra, D. D. A, Zulharmita, and Pramudita, V. (2015). Penetapan Kadar Zink pada Sediaan Farmasi dengan Metode Kompleksometri dan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Jurnal Farmasi Higea. Vol. 7, No. 2.
Bolan, S., Seshadri, B., Keely, S., Kunhikrishnan, A., Bruce, J., Grainge, I., Talley, N. J., and Naidu, R. (2022). Bioavailability of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury as measured by intestinal permeability. Scientific Reports. 11:14675. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94174-9.
Chaturvedi, A. D., Pal, D., Penta, S., and Kumar, A. (2015). Ecotoxic Heavy Metals Transformation by Bacteria and Fungi in Aquatic Ecosystem.
World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31, 1595–1603.
Dawaiyah, A. (2020). Identifikasi dan Uji Resistensi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Bakteri yang Diisolasi dari Perairan Paciran Lamongan. Skripsi.
Dixit, R., Malaviya, D., Pandiyan, K., Singh, U.B., Sahu, A., Shukla, R., Singh, B.P., Rai, J.P., Sharma, P.K., dan Lade, H. (2015). Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Soil and Aquatic Environment: An Overview of Principles and Criteria of Fundamental Processes. Sustainability, 7, 2189–
2212.
Dwantari, I. P. S., and Wiyantoko, B. (2019). Analisa Kesadahan Total, Logam Timbal (Pb), dan Kadmium (Cd) dalam Air Sumur Dengan Metode Titrasi
22 Kompleksometri dan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Ind. J. Chem. Anal.
Vol. 02, No 01. ISSN 2622-7401, e ISSN 2622-7126.
Ebrahim, M. A., Kebede, G., Tafese, T., Kamaraj, M., and Assefa F. (2021).
Factors Influencing the Bacterial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in the Soil: Mechanisms and Impacts. Journal of Chemistry.
Article ID 9823362, 17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9823362
El-Sersy, N. A., Abd-Elnaby, H., Abd-Elnaby, G. M., Ibrahim, dan Ibrahim, N.
M. K. (2010). African Journal of Biotechnology. Vol. 9(38), pp. 6355-6364. ISSN 1684–5315.
Fahruddin and Asadi, A. (2015). Use of Organic Materials Wetland for Improving The Capacity of Sulfate Reduction Bacteria (SRB) in Reducing Sulfate in Acid Mine Water (AMW). Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences. 17 (21), pp. 321-324.
Fahruddin, F., Santosa, S., dan Sareda. (2020). Toleransi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Bakteri Indigenous dari Air Laut Pelabuhan Paotere, Makassar.
Aquatic Science & Managemen. Vol. 8, No. 1. e-ISSN 2337-5000.
Ghosh, A., Dastidar, M. G., and Sreekrishnan T. R. (2015). Recent Advances in Bioremediation of Heavy Metals and Metal Complex Dyes: Review.
Journal of Environmental Engineering, 142(9), C4015003.
doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000965.
Gunatilake, S. K. (2015). Methods of Removing Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater. J Multidiscip Eng Sci Stud. 1(1):12-8.
Gupta, A., Joia, J., Sood, A., Sood, R., Sidhu, C., and Kaur, G. (2016). Microbes as Potential Tool for Remediation of Heavy Metals: A Review. J. Microb.
Biochem. Technol. 8, 364–372.
Habila M. A., Al-Masoud N., Alomar T. S., Al-Othman z. A., Yilmaz E., and Soylak M. (2020). Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microextraction of Lead (II) Traces from Water and Aqueous Extracts before FAAS Measurements. Molecules. Doi: 10.3390/molecules 25204794.
Hakim, Rasyid Noor. (2021). Pengaruh Suhu Inkubasi terhadap Kemampuan Bioremediasi Timbal oleh Isolat Bakteri T2P2 Asal Kawasan Pertambangan di Tulungagung. Skripsi. Malang: Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Hasni, N. A. M., and Ulfa, A. M. (2016). Penetapan Kadar Logam Besi (Fe) pada Air Sumur Galian Warga Sekitar Industri “X” Kecamatan Panjang dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Jurnal Analis Farmasi. Volume 1, No. 3, Hal 163 - 168.
Heidari, P., & Panico, A. (2020). Sorption Mechanism and Optimization Study for the Bioremediation of Pb (II) and Cd (II) Contamination by Two Novel Isolated Strains Q3 and Q5 of Bacillus sp. International Journal of
23 Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4059), 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114059.
Huang, S., Yuan, C., LI, Q., Yang, Y., Tang, C., Ouyang, K., and Wang, B.
(2017). Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from a Typical Pb-Zn Mining Area. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 26, No. 3. Doi:
10.15244/pjoes/68424
Igiri, B. E., Okoduwa, S. I. R., Idoko, G. O., Akabuogu, E. P., Adeyi, A. O., dan Ejiogu, I. K. (2018). Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review. Hindawi Journal of Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2568038.
Ihsani, S. H. (2020). Isolasi dan Analisis Ketahanan Bakteri di Daerah Bekas Tambang Telaga Tiga Warna Tulungagung terhadap Logam Berat Timbal (Pb). Skripsi. Malang: Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Irawati, W., Riak, S., Sopiah, N., and Sulistia, S. (2017). Heavy Metal Tolerance in Indigenous Bacteria Isolated from The Industrial Sewage in Kemisan River, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(4), 1481–1486.
https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180426
Jarosławiecka, A. and Piotrowska Seget, Z. 2014. Lead Resistance in Microorganisms. Microbiology. 160: 12–25. Doi 10.1099/mic.0.070284-0.
Jin, Y., Luan, Y., Ning, Y., dan Wang, L. (2018). Effects and Mechanisms of Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metals in Soil : A Critical Review.
Applied Science, 8(1336), 1–17.
Jufri, R. F. (2020). Microbial Isolation. Journal La Lifesci. VOL. 01, ISSUE 01 (018-023).
Kanjee, U., dan Houry, Walid A. 2013. Mechanism of Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli. Review in Advance. The Annual Review of Microbiology. 67:65–81. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155708 Kapahi, M., dan Sachdeva, S. (2019). Bioremediation Options for Heavy Metal
Pollution. Journal of Health & Pollution Vol. 9, No. 24.
Karpiuk, U. V., Al Azzam, K. M., Abudayeh, Z. H. M., Kislichenko, V., Nadhafi, A., Cholak A.,and Yamelianova, O. (2016). Penentuan Isi Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Unsur Makro-Minor dalam Bryonia Alba L. Akar menggunakan Teknik Spektroskopi Serapan Atom Api. Adv Pharm Banteng. 6(2), 285-291. Doi: 10.15171/apb.2016.040.
Kumar, A., Pinto M. M. S., Cabral, Chaturvedi, A. K., Shabnam, A. A., Subrahmanyam, G., Mondal, Gupa, D. K., Malyan, S. K., Kumar, S. S., Khan, H. A., and Yadav, K. K. (2020). Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches. Int. J.
Environ. Res. Public Health. 17, 2179. Doi:10.3390/ijerph17072179.
24 Kurniawan, E., Jekti, D. S. D., & Zulkifli, L. (2019). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Batang Bidara Laut (Strychnos ligustrina) Terhadap Bakteri Patogen. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 19(1), 61–69.
https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i1.1040
Kusuma, A. T., Effendi, N., Abidin, Z., & Awaliah, S. S. (2019). Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Raksa (Hg) pada Cat Rambut Yang Beredar Di Kota Makassar Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Celebes Environmental Science, 1(April), 6–12.
Manuhutu, O. (2019). Penetapan Kadar Lidokain HCl dalam Sediaan Injeksi Secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom Tidak Langsung. Skripsi.
Marzan, L. W., Hossain, M., Mina, S. A., Akter, Y., and Chowdhury, A. M. M. A.
(2017). Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Heavy-Metal Resistant Bacteria from Tannery Effluent in Chittagong City, Bangladesh Bioremediation Viewpoint. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 43(1), 65– 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.11.002
Maulana, A., Supartono, dan Mursiti, s. (2017). Bioremediasi Logam Pb pada Limbah Tekstil dengan Staphylococcus aureus dan Bacillus subtilis.
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science. 6 (3). p-ISSN 2252-6951, e-ISSN 2502-6844.
Ni, Yan & li, Chunxiu & Ma, Hongmin & Zhang, Jie & Xu, Jian-He. (2010).
Biocatalytic properties of a recombinant aldo-keto reductase with broad substrate spectrum and excellent stereoselectivity. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 89. 1111-8. 10.1007/s00253-010-2941-4.
Nurhayati, A., Ummah, Z. I., and Shobron, S. (2018). Kerusakan Lingkungan dalam Al-Qur’an. Suhuf, 30(2), pp. 194–220.
Obahiagbon, K. O., Amenaghawon, A. N., and Agbonghae, E. O. (2014). Effect of Initial pH on the Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Water Using a Consortium of Microbes. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology.
Volume 15. Number 1.
Ohta, H. & Hattori, T. (1980). Bacteria Sensitive to Nutrient Broth Medium in Terrestrial Environment. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 26(1), 99-107.
Ojuederie, Omena, B., dan Babalola, O. O. (2017). Microbial and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 14, 1504. Doi:10.3390/ijerph14121504.
Oziegbe, O., Oluduro, A. O., Ahuekwe, E. F., dan Olorunsola, S. J. (2021).
Assessment Of Heavy Metal Bioremediation Potential of Bacterial Isolate from Landfill Soils. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.072.
25 Philip, P., Kern, D., Goldmanns, J., Seiler, F., Schulte, A., Habicher, T., dan Buchs, J. (2018). Parallel substrate supply and pH stabilization for optimal screening of E. coli with the membrane-based fed-batch shake flask . Microbial Cell Factories. 17(69). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-018-0917-8.
Pulit, A. C., Bednarek, J. S., & Laba, W. (2018). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Optimization of Copper Lead and Cadmium Biosorption into Newly Isolated Bacterium Using a Box-Behnken Design.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 149, 275–283.
Rahadi, B., Dewi, S. L., dan Agustianingrum, R. (2015). Bioremediasi Logam Timbal (Pb) Menggunakan Bakteri Indigenous pada Tanah Tercemar Air Lindi (Leachate). Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan.
Rakhmawati A. dan Yulianti E. (2015). Bioprospeksi Bakteri Termofilik Pasca Erupsi Merapi untuk Bioremediasi Limbah Logam Berat. Laporan Penelitian Unggulan UNY.
Rohmah, S. N. (2017). Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri yang Berpotensi sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Timbal (Pb) dari Lumpur Lapindo. Skripsi.
Rossita, A. S., Munandar, K., & Komarayanti, S. (2017). Komparasi Media NA Pabrikan dengan NA Modifikasi untuk Media Pertumbuhan Bakteri.
Seminar Nasional Biologi, IPA, dan Pembelajarannya I, 1, 192–201.
Sahoo, S. and Goli, D. (2020). Bioremediation of Lead by a Halophilic Bacteria Bacillus pumilus Isolatd from the Mangrove Regions of Karnataka.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). Volume 9 Issue 1.
Doi: 10.21275/ART20204172.
Sales, D. S. I. G., Gomes, D. A. F. C., Padilha, D. R. S. N. M., Casazza, A. A. C.
A., dan Sarubbo, L.A. (2020) Soil Bioremediation: Overview of Technologies and Trends. Energies. 13, 4664. Doi:10.3390/en13184664.
Sardrood, B. P., Goltapeh, E. M., and Varma, A. (2015). An Introduction to Bioremediation. Fungi as Bioremediators, Soil Biology 32. Doi:
10.1007/978-3-642-33811-3_1.
Saraswat, R., Saraswat, D., dan Yadav M. (2020). A Review on Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Microbes. International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR). 8(07), 200-210. Article. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/11281.
Sharma, S., Tiwari, S., Hasan, A., Saxena, V., dan Pandey, L. M. (2018). Recent Advances in Conventional and Contemporary Methods for Remediation of Heavy Metal‑Contaminated Soils. 3 Biotech. 8:216.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1237-8.
Shihab, Q. 2002. Tafsir Al-Misbah Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an.
Jakarta: Lentera Hati Press.