Political Science Perspectives
6.5 Conclusion
There exists a thriving body of political science literature dedicated to the study of risk, hazards, disasters, and crises. This chapter specifically examined three distinct sub-streams of research (the literatures on policy change, myopic voting, and disas-ter management) but, as noted above, this is only a sampling of the political science research on risk, hazards, and disasters. Political scientists have proven instrumental in highlighting both the strengths and, perhaps more importantly, the limitations of government in disaster situations. Electoral concerns, interest group competition, and discursive conflict can derail even the most well-intentioned disaster mitigation programs. By highlighting these pitfalls and, at times, suggesting potential
6 Political Science Perspectives
82
strategies for overcoming them, political scientists have helped to inform our shared understanding of hazard and disaster management. Disaster have been and always will be political events. As such, it is safe to say political scientists will continue to weigh-in on these debates for many years to come.
References
Achen, Christopher H., and Larry M. Bartels. 2004. Blind retrospection: Electoral responses to drought, flu, and shark attacks. https://www.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/
cis/international-relationsdam/Teaching/pwgrundlagenopenaccess/Weitere/AchenBartels.pdf.
Accessed 5 May 2018.
———. 2012. Blind retrospection: Why shark attacks are bad for democracy. Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, Vanderbilt University. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/csdi/research/
CSDI_WP_05-2013.pdf.
———. 2016. Democracy for realists: Why elections do not produce responsive government.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Aldrich, Daniel P. 2012. Building resilience: Social capital in post-disaster recovery. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Anderson, Christopher J. 2000. Economic voting and political context: A comparative perspective.
Electoral Studies 19: 151–170.
Anderson, James. 2010. Public policymaking. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage.
Arceneux, Kevin, and Robert M. Stein. 2006. Who is held responsible when disaster strikes? The attribution of responsibility for a natural disaster in an urban election. Journal of Urban Affairs 28: 43–53.
Avery, George. 2004. Bioterrorism, fear, and public health reform: Matching a policy solution to the wrong window. Public Administration Review 64: 275–288.
Baumgartner, Frank R., and Brian D. Jones. 1993. Agendas and instability in American politics.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Berke, Philip R., and Timothy Beatley. 1992. Planning for earthquakes: Risks, politics, and policy.
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Birkland, Thomas A. 1997. After disaster: Agenda setting, public policy, and focusing events.
Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
———. 2004. The world changed today: Agenda-setting and policy change in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks. Review of Policy Research 21: 179–200.
———. 2006. Lessons of disaster: Policy change after catastrophic events. Washington, DC:
Georgetown University Press.
———. 2010. Federal disaster policy: Learning, priorities, and prospects for resilience. In Designing resilience: Preparing for extreme events, ed. Louise K. Comfort, Arjen Boin, and Chris C. Demchak, 106–128. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Boin, Arjen, Paul t’Hart, Eric Stern, and Sundelius Bengt. 2006. The politics of crisis management:
Public leadership under pressure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Boin, Arjen, Louise K. Comfort, and Chris C. Demchak. 2010. The rise of resilience. In Designing resilience: Preparing for extreme events, ed. Louise K. Comfort, Arjen Boin, and Chris C. Demchak, 1–12. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Bowman, Ann O’.M., and Richard C. Kearney. 2014. State and local government: The essentials.
6th ed. Boston: Cengage.
Burby, Raymond, and Peter J. May. 1998. Intergovernmental environmental planning: Addressing the commitment conundrum. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 41: 95–110.
Chen, Jowei. 2013. Voter partisanship and the effect of distributive spending on political participa-tion. American Journal of Political Science 57: 200–217.
R. A. DeLeo
83
Cimellaro, Gian Paolo. 2016. Urban resilience for emergency response and recovery: Fundamental concepts and applications. Cham: Springer.
Cobb, Roger W., and Mark H. Ross. 1997. Cultural strategies of agenda denial: Avoidance, attack, and redefinition. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
Comfort, Louise K. 2005. Risk, security, and disaster management. Annual Review of Political Science 8: 335–356.
Connolly, Maureen. 2009. Emergency management in the federal republic of Germany: Preserving its critical Infrastructures from hazardous natural events and terrorist acts. FEMA Emergency Management Institute. Comparative Emergency Management. Chapter 10. Available at: https://
training.fema.gov/hiedu/aemrc/booksdownload/compemmgmtbookproject/.
DeLeo, Rob A. 2010. Anticipatory-conjectural policy problems: A case study of avian influenza.
Risk, Hazards, & Crisis in Public Policy 1: 147–184.
———. 2015. Anticipatory policymaking: When government acts to prevent problems and why it is so difficult. New York: Routledge.
———. 2018. Indicators, agendas, and streams: Analysing the politics of preparedness. Policy &
Politics 46: 27–45.
Djalali, Ahmadreza, Francesco Della Corte, Marco Foletti, Luca Ragazzoni, Alba Ripoll Gallardo, Olivera Lupescu, Chris Arculeo, Götz von Arnim, Tom Friedl, Michael Ashkenazi, Philipp Fischer, Boris Hreckovski, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Radko Komadina, Konstanze Lechner, Cristina Patru, Frederick M. Burkle Jr, and Pier Luigi Ingrassia. 2014. Art of disaster prepared-ness in European Union: A survey on the health systems. PLOS Currents Disasters Dec. 17.
Dynes, Russell R. 2000. The dialogue between Voltaire and Rousseau on the Lisbon earthquake:
The emergence of a social science view. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 18: 97–115.
Fiorina, Morris P. 1974. Representatives, roll calls, and constituencies. Lexington: Lexington Books.
Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. Retrospective voting in American national elections. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Gasper, John T., and Andrew Reeves. 2011. Make it rain? Retrospection and the attentive elector-ate in the context of natural disasters. American Journal of Political Science 55: 340–355.
Gerber, Brian J. 2007. Disaster management in the United States: Examining key political and policy challenges. The Policy Studies Journal 35: 227–238.
Gerber, Brian J., and Grant W. Neeley. 2005. Perceived risk and citizen preferences for govern-mental management of routine hazards. Policy Studies Journal 33: 395–418.
Godschalk, David, Adam Rose, Elliot Mittler, Keith Porter, and Carol Taylor West. 2009.
Estimating the value of foresight: Aggregate analysis of natural hazard mitigation benefits and costs. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 52: 739–756.
Healy, Andrew, and Neil Malhotra. 2009. Myopic voters and natural disaster policy. American Political Science Review 103: 387–406.
———. 2010. Random events, economic losses, and retrospective voting: Implications for demo-cratic competence. Quarterly Journal of Political Science 5: 193–208.
———. 2013. Retrospective voting reconsidered. Annual Review of Political Science 16: 285–306.
Huber, Peter W. 1986. The Bhopalization of American tort law, Hazards: Technology and Fairness, 89–110. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Islam, Tanveer, and Jeffrey Ryan. 2016. Hazard mitigation in emergency management. Waltham:
Elsevier.
Jasanoff, Sheila. 2010. Beyond calculation: A democratic response to risk. In Disaster and the politics of intervention, ed. Andrew Lakoff, 14–41. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kapuco, Naim, Christopher V. Hawkins, and Fernando I. Rivera. 2014. Disaster resiliency:
Interdisciplinary perspectives. London: Routledge.
Kingdon, John W. 2003. Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. 2nd ed. New York: Addison- Wesley Educational Publishers.
Kousser, Thad, Jeffrey B. Lewis, and Seth E. Masket. 2007. Ideological adaptation? The survival instinct of threatened legislators. The Journal of Politics 69: 828–843.
6 Political Science Perspectives
84
Lewis-Beck, Michael S. 1990. Economics and elections: The major Western democracies.
Michigan: Michigan University Press.
Lindell, Michael K., Carla Prater, and Ronald W. Perry. 2006. Introduction to emergency manage-ment. New York: Wiley.
May, Peter J. 1991. Addressing public risks: Federal earthquake policy design. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 10: 263–285.
May, Peter J., and Thomas A. Birkland. 1994. Earthquake risk reduction: An examination of local regulatory efforts. Environmental Management 18: 923–937.
May, Peter J., and Chris Koski. 2013. Addressing public risks: Extreme events and critical infra-structures. Review of Policy Research 30: 139–159.
May, Peter J., Ashley E. Jochim, and Joshua Sapotichne. 2011. Constructing homeland security:
An anemic regime. Policy Studies Journal 39: 285–307.
McBeth, Mark K., Elizabeth A. Shanahan, Ruth J. Arnell, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2007. The intersection of narrative policy analysis and policy change theory. Policy Studies Journal 35:
87–108.
Mileti, Dennis. 1999. Disasters by design: A reassessment of natural hazards in the United States.
Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
Nohrstedt, Daniel. 2005. External shocks and policy change: Three-Mile Island and Swedish nuclear energy policy. Journal of European Public Policy 12: 1041–1059.
———. 2008. The politics of crisis policymaking: Chernobyl and Swedish nuclear energy policy.
Policy Studies Journal 36: 257–278.
Parsons, Wayne. 1995. Public policy: An introduction to the theory and practice of policy analysis.
Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Pralle, Sarah B. 2006. Branching out, digging in: environmental advocacy and agenda setting.
Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Quoidbach, Jordi, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Timothy D. Wilson. 2013. The end of history illusion.
Science 339: 96–98.
Reeves, Andrew. 2011. Political disaster: Unilateral powers, electoral incentives, and presidential disaster declarations. The Journal of Politics 73: 1142–1151.
Renda-Tenali, Irmak, and François Mancebo. 2009. French emergency management system:
Moving toward an integrated risk management policy. Comparative Emergency Management.
https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/aemrc/booksdownload/compemmgmtbookproject/. Accessed 5 May 2018.
Roberts, Patrick S. 2010. Private choices, public harms: The evolutions of national disaster orga-nizations in the United States. In Disaster and the politics of intervention, ed. Andrew Lakoff, 42–69. New York: Columbia University Press.
———. 2013. Disasters and the American state: How politicians, bureaucrats, and the public prepare for the unexpected. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rochefort, David A., and Roger W. Cobb. 1994. Problem definition: An emerging perspective. In The politics of problem definition: Shaping the policy agenda, ed. David Rochefort and Roger W. Cobb, 1–31. Kansas: University of Kansas Press.
Rose, Adam, Keith Porter, Nicole Dash, Jawhar Bouabid, Charles Huyck, John Whitehead, Douglass Shaw, Ronald Eguchi, Craig Taylor, McLane Thomas, L. Thomas Tobin, Philip T. Ganderton, David Godschalk, Anna S. Kiremidijian, Kathleen Tierney, and Carol Taylor West. 2007. Benefit-cost analysis of FEMA hazard mitigation grants. Natural Hazards Review 8: 97–111.
Ross, Ashley D. 2015. Local disaster resilience: Administrative and political perspectives.
New York: Routledge.
Sabatier, Paul A. 1988. An advocacy coalition framework of policy change and the role of policy- oriented learning therein. Policy Sciences 21: 129–168.
Sabatier, Paul, Hank Jenkins-Smith. 1999. The advocacy coalition framework: An assessment.
Theories of the policy process. Paul Sabatier 117–166. Boulder: Westview Press.
R. A. DeLeo
85
Sabatier, Paul A., and Christopher C. Weible. 2007. The advocacy coalition framework: Innovations and clarifications. In Theories of the policy process, ed. Paul Sabatier, 189–122. Boulder:
Westview Press.
Sainz-Santamaria, Jamie, and Sarah E. Anderson. 2013. The electoral politics of disaster prepared-ness. Risks, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 4: 234–249.
Scanlon, T. Joseph. 1988. Disaster’s little known pioneer: Canada’s Samuel Henry Prince.
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 6: 213–232.
Schattschneider, Elmer E. 1960. The semisovereign people: A realist’s view of Democracy in America. Hinsdale: Dryden Press.
Stone, Deborah. 2002. Policy paradox: The art of political decision making. New York:
W.W. Norton.
Stone, Diane A. 2008. Global public policy, transnational policy communities, and their networks.
Policy Studies Journal 36: 19–38.
Tierney, Kathleen. 2014. The social roots of risk: Producing disasters, promoting resilience.
Stanford: Stanford Business Books.
Wildavsky, Aaron. 1988. Searching for safety. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
Wise, Charles E. 2006. Organizing for homeland security after Katrina: Is adaptive management what’s missing? Public Administration Review 66: 302–318.
Zahariadis, Nikos. 2014. Ambiguity and multiple streams. In Theories of the policy process, ed.
Paul Sabatier and Chris Weible, 3rd ed., 25–58. Boulder: Westview Press.
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
6 Political Science Perspectives
87