III. Building the LFS System
6. Installing Basic System Software
6.29. Coreutils-8.24
Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the su environment includes /tools/bin.
su nobody -s /bin/bash \
-c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"
The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but passes if run in a X terminal.
Remove the temporary group:
sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group Install the package:
make install
Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:
mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on head, sleep, and nice. As /usr may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:
mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin
6.29.2. Contents of Coreutils
Installed programs: [, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes
Installed library: libstdbuf.so
Installed directory: /usr/libexec/coreutils Short Descriptions
base64 Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548) specification basename Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name
cat Concatenates files to standard output
chcon Changes security context for files and directories chgrp Changes the group ownership of files and directories
chmod Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an octal number representing the new permissions
chown Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and directories chroot Runs a command with the specified directory as the / directory
cksum Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte counts of each specified file comm Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines that are unique and the lines that are
common
cp Copies files
csplit Splits a given file into several new files, separating them according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte count of each new file
cut Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given fields or positions date Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the system date
dd Copies a file using the given block size and count, while optionally performing conversions on it df Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all mounted file systems, or only on the file
systems holding the selected files
dir Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as the ls command)
dircolors Outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable to change the color scheme used by ls dirname Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name
du Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory, by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by each of the given files
echo Displays the given strings
env Runs a command in a modified environment expand Converts tabs to spaces
expr Evaluates expressions
factor Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers
false Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code indicating failure fmt Reformats the paragraphs in the given files
fold Wraps the lines in the given files groups Reports a user's group memberships
head Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file hostid Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host
id Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships of the current user or specified user install Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group
join Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two separate files link Creates a hard link with the given name to a file
ln Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files logname Reports the current user's login name
ls Lists the contents of each given directory
md5sum Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums
mkdir Creates directories with the given names
mkfifo Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names
mknod Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO
mktemp Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts mv Moves or renames files or directories
nice Runs a program with modified scheduling priority nl Numbers the lines from the given files
nohup Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to a log file nproc Prints the number of processing units available to a process
numfmt Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings od Dumps files in octal and other formats
paste Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines side by side, separated by tab characters pathchk Checks if file names are valid or portable
pinky Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information about the given users pr Paginates and columnates files for printing
printenv Prints the environment
printf Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much like the C printf function
ptx Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files, with each keyword in its context pwd Reports the name of the current working directory
readlink Reports the value of the given symbolic link realpath Prints the resolved path
rm Removes files or directories
rmdir Removes directories if they are empty
runcon Runs a command with specified security context
seq Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a given increment sha1sum Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) checksums
sha224sum Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums sha256sum Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums sha384sum Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums sha512sum Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums
shred Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns, making it difficult to recover the data shuf Shuffles lines of text
sleep Pauses for the given amount of time sort Sorts the lines from the given files
split Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of lines
stat Displays file or filesystem status
stdbuf Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard streams stty Sets or reports terminal line settings
sum Prints checksum and block counts for each given file
sync Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk and updates the super block tac Concatenates the given files in reverse
tail Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file
tee Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output and to the given files test Compares values and checks file types
timeout Runs a command with a time limit
touch Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification times of the given files to the current time;
files that do not exist are created with zero length
tr Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from standard input true Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code indicating success truncate Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size
tsort Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list according to the partial ordering in a given file
tty Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard input uname Reports system information
unexpand Converts spaces to tabs
uniq Discards all but one of successive identical lines unlink Removes the given file
users Reports the names of the users currently logged on vdir Is the same as ls -l
wc Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given
who Reports who is logged on
whoami Reports the user name associated with the current effective user ID yes Repeatedly outputs “y” or a given string until killed
libstdbuf Library used by stdbuf