Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI, 2010, Acuan Sediaan Herbal, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI, Jakarta, 6.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI, 2014, Persyaratan Mutu Obat Tradisional, Peraturan Kepala Badan POM RI.
Baradero, M., Dayrit, M.W., dan Siswadi, Y., 2008, Klien Gangguan Hati : Seri Asuhan Keperawatan, EGC, Jakarta, 1-12.
Boll, M., Weber, L.W.D., Becker, E., Stampfl, A., 2001, Mechanism of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Hepatocellular Damage by Reactive Carbon Tetrachloride Metabolites, Z. Naturforsch, 56, 649-659.
Crowley, L.V., 2001, An Introduction to Human Disease : Pathology and Pathophysiology Correlations, 5th ed., Jones and Bartlett, Canada, 547.
Departemen Kesehatan RI, 2007, Pharmaceutical Care untuk Penyakit Hati, Direktorat Bima Farmasi, Komunitas dan Klinik dan Dirjen Bina Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan, Jakarta, 7, 46.
Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan RI, 1995, Farmakope Indonesia, edisi IV, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 46.
Elya, B., Juheini, A., dan Emiyanah, 2010, Toksikologi Akut Daun Justicia gendarussa Burm., MAKARA, 14 (2), 129-134.
Ganong, W.F., dan McPhee, S.J., 2007, Patofisiologi Penyakit : Pengantar Menuju Kedokteran Klinis, EGC, Jakarta, 421-428.
Ghasemzadeh, A., and Ghasemzadeh, N., 2011, Flavonoids and phenolic acids: Role and biochemical activity in plants and human, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Vol. 5(31), 6697-6703.
Heyne, K., 1987, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Jilid II, Badan Litbang Kehutanan, penerjemah. Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta.
Hodgson, E., 2010, A Textbook of Modern Toxicology, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons,Inc, New Jersey, 280-285.
Janakat, S., and Merie, A.H., 2002, Optimization of the Dose and Route of Injection, and characterization of the Time Course of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in the Rat, JPT, 48, 41-44.
15
Junieva, P.N., 2006, Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Meniran (Phyllanthus sp.) Terhadap Gambaran Mikroskopik Paru Tikus yang Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida, Artikel Karya Tulis Ilmiah, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
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under Heavy Metal Stress, Polish J. of Environ. Stud., 15(4), 523-530.
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16
Rahman, S., Rahmawati, dan Nurkhalifah, 2014, Efek Hipoglikemik Kombinasi Infusa Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill) dan Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L Var. Bangkok) Asal Kab. Pinrang pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan,Jurnal Bionature, 15(2), 111-116.
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Singh, A., Bhat, T.K., and Sharma, O.P., 2011, Clinical Biochemistry of Hepatotoxicity, J Clinic Toxicol, 1-19.
Stine, K.E., Brown, T.M., 2006, Principles of Toxicology, CRC Press, United States, 727-729. Utomo, L.S., 2015, Efek Hepatoprotektif Pemberian Jangka Panjang Infusa Herba Bidens
pilosa L. terhadap Aktivitas ALT-AST Serum pada Tikus Betina Terinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida, Skripsi, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
Weber, L.W.D., Boll, M., Stampfl, A., 2003, Hepatotoxicity and Mechanism of Action of Haloalkenes : Carbon Tetrachloride as a Toxicological Model, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 33(2), 105-136.
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Yulise, B., 2015, Efek Hepatoprotektif Pemberian Jangka Pendek Infusa Herba Sonchus arvensis L. Terhadap Aktivitas AST-ALT Pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar Terinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida, Skripsi, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
17
18
19
20
Lampiran 3. Pohon, Buah, Simplisia, dan Serbuk Parinarium glaberimum Hassk.
Buah Parinarium glaberimum Hassk.
Simplisia Biji Parinarium glaberimum Hassk.
Serbuk Biji Parinarium glaberimum Hassk.
21
Lampiran 4. Penetapan Kadar Air Serbuk Biji Parinarium glaberimum Hassk.
Hasil rata-rata kadar air = , + , + ,
22
23
24
Lampiran 7. Analisis Statistik Aktivitas ALT pada Uji Pendahuluan Dosis HepatotoksinKarbon Tetraklorida 2 mL/kgBB
Case Processing Summary
Kelompok
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
ALT Jam ke-0 3 100.0% 0 0.0% 3 100.0%
Jam ke-24 3 100.0% 0 0.0% 3 100.0%
Jam ke-48 3 100.0% 0 0.0% 3 100.0%
Descriptives
Kelompok Statistic Std. Error
ALT Jam ke-0 Mean 47.0000 12.01388
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound -4.6916 Upper Bound 98.6916 5% Trimmed Mean . Median 36.0000 Variance 433.000 Std. Deviation 20.80865 Minimum 34.00 Maximum 71.00 Range 37.00 Interquartile Range . Skewness 1.714 1.225 Kurtosis . .
Jam ke-24 Mean 184.0000 34.35598
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 36.1782 Upper Bound 331.8218 5% Trimmed Mean . Median 183.0000 Variance 3541.000 Std. Deviation 59.50630 Minimum 125.00
25 Maximum 244.00 Range 119.00 Interquartile Range . Skewness .076 1.225 Kurtosis . .
Jam ke-48 Mean 44.0000 7.02377
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 13.7792 Upper Bound 74.2208 5% Trimmed Mean . Median 38.0000 Variance 148.000 Std. Deviation 12.16553 Minimum 36.00 Maximum 58.00 Range 22.00 Interquartile Range . Skewness 1.680 1.225 Kurtosis . .
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
ALT
N 9
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 91.6667 Std. Deviation 76.33970 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .273 Positive .273 Negative -.225 Test Statistic .273 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .051c
a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.
26
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
ALT
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
1.939 2 6 .224
ANOVA
ALT
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 38378.000 2 19189.000 13.966 .006 Within Groups 8244.000 6 1374.000
Total 46622.000 8
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: ALT LSD
(I) Kelompok (J) Kelompok
Mean Difference
(I-J) Std. Error Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Jam ke-0 Jam ke-24 -137.00000* 30.26549 .004 -211.0570 -62.9430 Jam ke-48 3.00000 30.26549 .924 -71.0570 77.0570 Jam ke-24 Jam ke-0 137.00000* 30.26549 .004 62.9430 211.0570 Jam ke-48 140.00000* 30.26549 .004 65.9430 214.0570 Jam ke-48 Jam ke-0 -3.00000 30.26549 .924 -77.0570 71.0570
Jam ke-24 -140.00000* 30.26549 .004 -214.0570 -65.9430 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
27
Lampiran 8. Analisis Statistik Aktivitas AST pada Uji Pendahuluan Dosis HepatotoksinKarbon Tetraklorida 2 mL/kgBB
Case Processing Summary
Kelompok
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
AST Jam ke-0 3 100.0% 0 0.0% 3 100.0%
Jam ke-24 3 100.0% 0 0.0% 3 100.0%
Jam ke-48 3 100.0% 0 0.0% 3 100.0%
Descriptives
Kelompok Statistic Std. Error
AST Jam ke-0 Mean 121.6667 18.98537
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 39.9792 Upper Bound 203.3541 5% Trimmed Mean . Median 109.0000 Variance 1081.333 Std. Deviation 32.88363 Minimum 97.00 Maximum 159.00 Range 62.00 Interquartile Range . Skewness 1.476 1.225 Kurtosis . .
Jam ke-24 Mean 285.3333 28.06144
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 164.5947 Upper Bound 406.0720 5% Trimmed Mean . Median 269.0000 Variance 2362.333 Std. Deviation 48.60384 Minimum 247.00
28 Maximum 340.00 Range 93.00 Interquartile Range . Skewness 1.341 1.225 Kurtosis . .
Jam ke-48 Mean 126.3333 3.38296
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 111.7776 Upper Bound 140.8891 5% Trimmed Mean . Median 124.0000 Variance 34.333 Std. Deviation 5.85947 Minimum 122.00 Maximum 133.00 Range 11.00 Interquartile Range . Skewness 1.508 1.225 Kurtosis . .
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
AST
N 9
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 177.7778 Std. Deviation 85.91097 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .254 Positive .254 Negative -.174 Test Statistic .254 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .096c
a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.
29
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
AST
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
4.485 2 6 .064
ANOVA
AST
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 52089.556 2 26044.778 22.465 .002 Within Groups 6956.000 6 1159.333
Total 59045.556 8
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: AST LSD
(I) Kelompok (J) Kelompok
Mean Difference
(I-J) Std. Error Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Jam ke-0 Jam ke-24 -163.66667* 27.80088 .001 -231.6930 -95.6404 Jam ke-48 -4.66667 27.80088 .872 -72.6930 63.3596 Jam ke-24 Jam ke-0 163.66667* 27.80088 .001 95.6404 231.6930 Jam ke-48 159.00000* 27.80088 .001 90.9737 227.0263 Jam ke-48 Jam ke-0 4.66667 27.80088 .872 -63.3596 72.6930
Jam ke-24 -159.00000* 27.80088 .001 -227.0263 -90.9737 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
30
Lampiran 9. Analisis Statistik Aktivitas ALT pada Kelompok Kontrol Negatif Olive Oil
2 mL/kgBB
Case Processing Summary
Kelompok
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
ALT Jam ke-0 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0%
Jam ke-24 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0%
Descriptives
Kelompok Statistic Std. Error
ALT Jam ke-0 Mean 42.4000 1.20830
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 39.0452 Upper Bound 45.7548 5% Trimmed Mean 42.5000 Median 43.0000 Variance 7.300 Std. Deviation 2.70185 Minimum 38.00 Maximum 45.00 Range 7.00 Interquartile Range 4.50 Skewness -1.339 .913 Kurtosis 2.021 2.000
Jam ke-24 Mean 43.6000 1.80555
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 38.5870 Upper Bound 48.6130 5% Trimmed Mean 43.6667 Median 45.0000 Variance 16.300 Std. Deviation 4.03733 Minimum 38.00 Maximum 48.00
31
Range 10.00
Interquartile Range 7.50
Skewness -.579 .913
Kurtosis -1.221 2.000
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
ALT
N 10
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 43.0000 Std. Deviation 3.29983 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .135 Positive .135 Negative -.128 Test Statistic .135 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .200c,d
a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
d. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Jam_0 42.4000 5 2.70185 1.20830
Jam_24 43.6000 5 4.03733 1.80555
Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
32
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower Upper
Pair 1 Jam_0 -
33
Lampiran 10. Analisis Statistik Aktivitas AST pada Kelompok Kontrol Negatif Olive Oil
2 mL/kgBB
Case Processing Summary
Kelompok
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Jam_0 AST 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Jam_24 AST 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0%
Descriptives
Kelompok Statistic Std. Error
Jam_0 AST Mean 101.0000 3.08221
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 92.4424 Upper Bound 109.5576 5% Trimmed Mean 100.8889 Median 97.0000 Variance 47.500 Std. Deviation 6.89202 Minimum 95.00 Maximum 109.00 Range 14.00 Interquartile Range 13.00 Skewness .573 .913 Kurtosis -3.194 2.000 Jam_24 AST Mean 98.2000 7.93347
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 76.1731 Upper Bound 120.2269 5% Trimmed Mean 98.2222 Median 99.0000 Variance 314.700 Std. Deviation 17.73979 Minimum 73.00 Maximum 123.00
34
Range 50.00
Interquartile Range 27.00
Skewness -.056 .913
Kurtosis 1.865 2.000
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
AST
N 10
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 99.6000 Std. Deviation 12.77324 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .259 Positive .188 Negative -.259 Test Statistic .259 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .055c
a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
AST
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
.736 1 8 .416
ANOVA
AST
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 19.600 1 19.600 .108 .751 Within Groups 1448.800 8 181.100
Total 1468.400 9
Paired Samples Statistics
35
Pair 1 Jam_0 101.0000 5 6.89202 3.08221
Jam_24 98.2000 5 17.73979 7.93347
Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Jam_0 & Jam_24 5 -.564 .322
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 Jam_0 - Jam_24 2.8000 0 22.36515 10.00200 -24.97000 30.57000 .280 4 .793
36
Lampiran 11. Analisis Statistik Aktivitas ALT pada Kelompok Perlakuan Infusa Setelah Induksi Karbon Tetraklorida 2 mL/kgBB
Case Processing Summary
Kelompok
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
ALT CCl4 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Olive Oil 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Descriptives
Kelompok Statistic Std. Error
ALT CCl4 Mean 243.0000 6.75278
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 224.2513 Upper Bound 261.7487 5% Trimmed Mean 243.1111 Median 241.0000 Variance 228.000 Std. Deviation 15.09967 Minimum 222.00 Maximum 262.00 Range 40.00 Interquartile Range 27.00 Skewness -.219 .913 Kurtosis -.017 2.000
Olive Oil Mean 44.6000 2.83901
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Lower Bound 36.7176
Upper Bound 52.4824
5% Trimmed Mean 44.7222
37 Variance 40.300 Std. Deviation 6.34823 Minimum 35.00 Maximum 52.00 Range 17.00 Interquartile Range 11.00 Skewness -.724 .913 Kurtosis .953 2.000 Perlakuan Mean 51.2000 5.05371
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 37.1686 Upper Bound 65.2314 5% Trimmed Mean 51.3333 Median 50.0000 Variance 127.700 Std. Deviation 11.30044 Minimum 35.00 Maximum 65.00 Range 30.00 Interquartile Range 20.00 Skewness -.388 .913 Kurtosis .232 2.000
Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB Mean 137.2000 4.29418
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 125.2774 Upper Bound 149.1226 5% Trimmed Mean 137.4444 Median 137.0000 Variance 92.200 Std. Deviation 9.60208 Minimum 123.00 Maximum 147.00 Range 24.00 Interquartile Range 17.50 Skewness -.697 .913 Kurtosis -.105 2.000
38 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 88.1322 Upper Bound 111.0678 5% Trimmed Mean 99.5556 Median 100.0000 Variance 85.300 Std. Deviation 9.23580 Minimum 89.00 Maximum 111.00 Range 22.00 Interquartile Range 18.00 Skewness .060 .913 Kurtosis -2.068 2.000
Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB Mean 69.2000 4.85180
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 55.7292 Upper Bound 82.6708 5% Trimmed Mean 69.3889 Median 72.0000 Variance 117.700 Std. Deviation 10.84896 Minimum 55.00 Maximum 80.00 Range 25.00 Interquartile Range 21.00 Skewness -.474 .913 Kurtosis -2.149 2.000
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
ALT
N 30
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 107.4667 Std. Deviation 70.03779 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .154 Positive .154 Negative -.150 Test Statistic .154
39 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .067c
a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
ALT
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
.764 5 24 .585
ANOVA
ALT
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 139488.667 5 27897.733 242.168 .000 Within Groups 2764.800 24 115.200
Total 142253.467 29
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: ALT LSD
(I) Kelompok (J) Kelompok
Mean Difference
(I-J) Std. Error Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
CCl4 Olive Oil 198.40000* 6.78823 .000 184.3898 212.4102 Perlakuan 191.80000* 6.78823 .000 177.7898 205.8102 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB 105.80000* 6.78823 .000 91.7898 119.8102 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB 143.40000* 6.78823 .000 129.3898 157.4102 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 173.80000* 6.78823 .000 159.7898 187.8102 Olive Oil CCl4 -198.40000* 6.78823 .000 -212.4102 -184.3898 Perlakuan -6.60000 6.78823 .341 -20.6102 7.4102 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -92.60000* 6.78823 .000 -106.6102 -78.5898 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB -55.00000* 6.78823 .000 -69.0102 -40.9898 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB -24.60000* 6.78823 .001 -38.6102 -10.5898 Perlakuan CCl4 -191.80000* 6.78823 .000 -205.8102 -177.7898
40 Olive Oil 6.60000 6.78823 .341 -7.4102 20.6102 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -86.00000* 6.78823 .000 -100.0102 -71.9898 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB -48.40000* 6.78823 .000 -62.4102 -34.3898 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB -18.00000* 6.78823 .014 -32.0102 -3.9898 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB CCl4 -105.80000* 6.78823 .000 -119.8102 -91.7898 Olive Oil 92.60000* 6.78823 .000 78.5898 106.6102 Perlakuan 86.00000* 6.78823 .000 71.9898 100.0102 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB 37.60000* 6.78823 .000 23.5898 51.6102 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 68.00000* 6.78823 .000 53.9898 82.0102 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB CCl4 -143.40000* 6.78823 .000 -157.4102 -129.3898 Olive Oil 55.00000* 6.78823 .000 40.9898 69.0102 Perlakuan 48.40000* 6.78823 .000 34.3898 62.4102 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -37.60000* 6.78823 .000 -51.6102 -23.5898 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 30.40000* 6.78823 .000 16.3898 44.4102 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB CCl4 -173.80000* 6.78823 .000 -187.8102 -159.7898 Olive Oil 24.60000* 6.78823 .001 10.5898 38.6102 Perlakuan 18.00000* 6.78823 .014 3.9898 32.0102 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -68.00000* 6.78823 .000 -82.0102 -53.9898 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB -30.40000* 6.78823 .000 -44.4102 -16.3898 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
41
Lampiran 12. Analisis Statistik Aktivitas AST pada Kelompok Perlakuan Infusa Setelah Induksi Karbon Tetraklorida 2 mL/kgBB
Case Processing Summary
Kelompok
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
AST CCl4 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Olive Oil 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 5 100.0% 0 0.0% 5 100.0% Descriptives
Kelompok Statistic Std. Error
AST CCl4 Mean 532.6000 9.55301
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 506.0766 Upper Bound 559.1234 5% Trimmed Mean 533.3333 Median 536.0000 Variance 456.300 Std. Deviation 21.36118 Minimum 499.00 Maximum 553.00 Range 54.00 Interquartile Range 37.50 Skewness -1.108 .913 Kurtosis 1.036 2.000
Olive Oil Mean 99.0000 7.19027
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Lower Bound 79.0366
42 5% Trimmed Mean 98.8333 Median 99.0000 Variance 258.500 Std. Deviation 16.07794 Minimum 78.00 Maximum 123.00 Range 45.00 Interquartile Range 25.00 Skewness .451 .913 Kurtosis 1.849 2.000 Perlakuan Mean 88.6000 4.08167
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 77.2675 Upper Bound 99.9325 5% Trimmed Mean 88.5556 Median 90.0000 Variance 83.300 Std. Deviation 9.12688 Minimum 77.00 Maximum 101.00 Range 24.00 Interquartile Range 16.50 Skewness .116 .913 Kurtosis -.277 2.000
Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB Mean 303.8000 7.76788
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 282.2329 Upper Bound 325.3671 5% Trimmed Mean 303.5000 Median 296.0000 Variance 301.700 Std. Deviation 17.36951 Minimum 286.00 Maximum 327.00 Range 41.00 Interquartile Range 32.50 Skewness .589 .913
43
Kurtosis -1.988 2.000
Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB Mean 255.2000 20.80240
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 197.4433 Upper Bound 312.9567 5% Trimmed Mean 253.6111 Median 234.0000 Variance 2163.700 Std. Deviation 46.51559 Minimum 211.00 Maximum 328.00 Range 117.00 Interquartile Range 80.00 Skewness 1.157 .913 Kurtosis .707 2.000
Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB Mean 196.2000 3.26190
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 187.1435 Upper Bound 205.2565 5% Trimmed Mean 196.2222 Median 197.0000 Variance 53.200 Std. Deviation 7.29383 Minimum 187.00 Maximum 205.00 Range 18.00 Interquartile Range 14.00 Skewness -.136 .913 Kurtosis -1.630 2.000
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
AST
N 30
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 245.9000 Std. Deviation 153.73631 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .136
44 Positive .131 Negative -.136 Test Statistic .136 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .165c
a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
AST
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
4.296 5 24 .006
ANOVA
AST
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 672143.900 5 134428.780 243.185 .000 Within Groups 13266.800 24 552.783
Total 685410.700 29
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: AST LSD
(I) Kelompok (J) Kelompok
Mean Difference
(I-J) Std. Error Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
CCl4 Olive Oil 433.60000* 14.86988 .000 402.9101 464.2899 Perlakuan 444.00000* 14.86988 .000 413.3101 474.6899 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB 228.80000* 14.86988 .000 198.1101 259.4899 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB 277.40000* 14.86988 .000 246.7101 308.0899 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 336.40000* 14.86988 .000 305.7101 367.0899 Olive Oil CCl4 -433.60000* 14.86988 .000 -464.2899 -402.9101 Perlakuan 10.40000 14.86988 .491 -20.2899 41.0899 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -204.80000* 14.86988 .000 -235.4899 -174.1101 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB -156.20000* 14.86988 .000 -186.8899 -125.5101 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB -97.20000* 14.86988 .000 -127.8899 -66.5101
45 Perlakuan CCl4 -444.00000* 14.86988 .000 -474.6899 -413.3101 Olive Oil -10.40000 14.86988 .491 -41.0899 20.2899 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -215.20000* 14.86988 .000 -245.8899 -184.5101 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB -166.60000* 14.86988 .000 -197.2899 -135.9101 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB -107.60000* 14.86988 .000 -138.2899 -76.9101 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB CCl4 -228.80000* 14.86988 .000 -259.4899 -198.1101 Olive Oil 204.80000* 14.86988 .000 174.1101 235.4899 Perlakuan 215.20000* 14.86988 .000 184.5101 245.8899 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB 48.60000* 14.86988 .003 17.9101 79.2899 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 107.60000* 14.86988 .000 76.9101 138.2899 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB CCl4 -277.40000* 14.86988 .000 -308.0899 -246.7101 Olive Oil 156.20000* 14.86988 .000 125.5101 186.8899 Perlakuan 166.60000* 14.86988 .000 135.9101 197.2899 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -48.60000* 14.86988 .003 -79.2899 -17.9101 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB 59.00000* 14.86988 .001 28.3101 89.6899 Perlakuan Dosis 20 g/kgBB CCl4 -336.40000* 14.86988 .000 -367.0899 -305.7101 Olive Oil 97.20000* 14.86988 .000 66.5101 127.8899 Perlakuan 107.60000* 14.86988 .000 76.9101 138.2899 Perlakuan Dosis 5 g/kgBB -107.60000* 14.86988 .000 -138.2899 -76.9101 Perlakuan Dosis 10 g/kgBB -59.00000* 14.86988 .001 -89.6899 -28.3101 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
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Lampiran 13. Perhitungan Persen Efek Hepatoprotektif
{1- � � ��� � � − � � ��� � �
� � ��� ℎ � � − � � ��� � � }x 100%
1.Kelompok perlakuan dosis 5 g/kgBB ALT = {1- , − ,
, − , }x 100% = 53,33 %
AST = {1- , − ,
, − , }x 100% = 52,77 %
2.Kelompok perlakuan dosis 10 g/kgBB ALT = {1- , − ,
, − , }x 100% = 72,28 %
AST = {1- , − ,
, − , }x 100% = 63,98 %
3.Kelompok perlakuan dosis 20 g/kgBB ALT = {1- , − ,
, − , }x 100% = 87,61 %
AST = {1- , − ,
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Lampiran 14. Perhitungan Konversi Dosis Infusa Biji Parinarium glaberimum Hasskuntuk Manusia
Nilai konversi tikus 200 g ke manusia 70 kg = 56, dosis untuk manusia 70 kg = dosis tikus 200 g x nilai konversi. Maka dosis infusa biji Parinarium glaberimum Hassk. yaitu :
Infusa biji Parinarium glaberimum Hassk. dosis 5 g/kgBB
5 g/kgBB = 5 g/1000 gBB = 1 g/200 gBB 1 g/200 gBB x 56 = 56 g/70 kgBB manusia
Infusa biji Parinarium glaberimum Hassk. dosis 10 g/kgBB
10 g/kgBB = 10 g/1000 gBB = 2 g/200 gBB
2 g/200 gBB x 56 = 112 g/70 kgBB manusia
Infusa biji Parinarium glaberimum Hassk. dosis 20 g/kgBB
20 g/kgBB = 20 g/1000 gBB = 4 g/200 gBB 4 g/200 gBB x 56 = 224 g/70 kgBB manusia
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