HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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Lampiran 1 Jumlah pakan yang diberikan selama penelitian
Perlakuan Ulangan W1 W2 W3 Jumlah
1 113 133.644 145.85 3924.96 Kontrol 2 119.75 134.292 145.51 3995.52 3 120.88 136.5 152.2 4095.72 1 112.81 143.628 169.01 4254.48 F- 50% 2 113.84 141.276 166.74 4218.6 3 123.16 153.888 187.3 3643.4 1 117.55 157.152 186.65 4613.52 F-100% 2 115.66 144.084 173.75 4334.88 3 111.4 150.396 178.36 4401.48 1 115.52 158.1 189 4626.24 F-200% 2 119.15 147.252 176.29 4426.92 3 118.02 151.152 186.41 4555.8 1 125.24 167.964 202.61 4958.16 F-400% 2 121.78 153.084 200.74 4755.96 3 114.48 156.348 199.94 4707.72
Lampiran 2 Konsumsi pakan berat basah, berat kering, biomassa abalon dan efisiensi pakan
Perlakuan Ulangan ∑ pakan yang
dikonsumsi (berat basah) ∑ pakan yang dikonsumsi (berat kering) Biomassa Abalone Efisiensi pakan Kontrol 1 942.64 137.81 50.05 36.32 2 960.74 140.46 47.62 33.90 3 992.28 145.07 54.05 37.26 Rata-rata 965.22 141.12 50.57 35.83 FT 50% 1 1060.68 155.07 81.81 52.76 2 1049.46 153.43 78.40 51.10 3 1145.5 167.47 83.02 49.57 Rata-rata 1085.21 158.66 81.08 51.14 FT 100% 1 1085.2 158.66 92.03 58.01 2 1148.9 167.97 81.31 48.41 3 1077.84 157.58 96.66 61.34 Rata-rata 1103.98 161.40 90.00 55.92 FT 200% 1 1112.54 162.65 95.59 58.77 2 1113.08 162.73 80.29 49.34 3 1154.78 168.83 97.98 58.04 Rata-rata 1126.80 164.74 91.29 55.38 FT 400% 1 1096.98 160.38 112.28 70.01 2 1151.98 168.42 105.90 62.88 3 1139.36 166.57 122.49 73.53 Rata-rata 1129,44 165,12 113,56 68,81
Lampiran 3 Rata-rata sisa pakan selama penelitian
Perlakuan Ulangan Wo W1 W2 W3 Total
1 372.4 252.9 206 198.7 1030 Kontrol 2 380.2 230.7 210.3 160.2 981.4 3 262.8 167.2 127.2 98.6 655.8 Rata-rata 1 265.7 125.8 110.5 101.4 603.4 F-50% 2 290.3 160.5 123.8 100.3 674.9 3 196.4 116.6 97.2 100 510.2 Rata-rata 1 146,6 115,3 81,6 91,4 434,9 F-100% 2 158.2 126.8 120.1 101.7 506.8 3 172.3 142.2 96.7 100.3 511.5 Rata-rata 1 105.1 95.4 100.3 97.7 398.5 F-200% 2 90.9 60.7 97.8 100.6 350 3 97.5 70.5 86.3 101.4 355.7 Rata-rata 1 96.4 59.2 66.4 80.6 302.6 F-400% 2 91.3 102 100.8 100.6 394.7 3 100.8 96.5 70.6 93.3 361.2 Rata-rata
Lampiran 4 Pertumbuhan Mutlak
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One-way ANOVA: Pertumbuhan Mutlak versus Perlakuan
Source DF SS MS F P Perlakuan 4 15.600 3.900 32.43 0.000 Error 10 1.202 0.120
Total 14 16.803
S = 0.3468 R-Sq = 92.84% R-Sq(adj) = 89.98%
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ---+---+---+---+--- FT 100% 3 4.5000 0.3937 (---*--) FT 200% 3 4.5647 0.4797 (---*---) FT 400% 3 5.6778 0.4189 (--*---) FT 50% 3 4.0537 0.1197 (---*--) Kontrol 3 2.5288 0.1621 (---*---) ---+---+---+---+--- 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 Pooled StDev = 0.3468
Grouping Information Using Tukey Method Perlakuan N Mean Grouping
FT 400% 3 5.6778 A FT 200% 3 4.5647 B FT 100% 3 4.5000 B FT 50% 3 4.0537 B Kontrol 3 2.5288 C
Lampiran 5 Laju pertumbuhan harian (SGR) One-way ANOVA: SGR versus Perlakuan
Source DF SS MS F P Perlakuan 4 0.23735 0.05934 23.47 0.000 Error 10 0.02529 0.00253
Total 14 0.26264
S = 0.05029 R-Sq = 90.37% R-Sq(adj) = 86.52%
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ----+---+---+---+--- FT 100% 3 0.73633 0.05650 (---*---) FT 200% 3 0.73067 0.06294 (----*---) FT 400% 3 0.84100 0.06722 (---*---) FT 50% 3 0.67467 0.01914 (---*---) kontrol 3 0.46133 0.02458 (----*---) ----+---+---+---+--- 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.90 Pooled StDev = 0.05029
Grouping Information Using Tukey Method Perlakuan N Mean Grouping
FT 400% 3 0.84100 A FT 100% 3 0.73633 A B FT 200% 3 0.73067 A B FT 50% 3 0.67467 B kontrol 3 0.46133 C
Lampiran 6 Pertumbuhan panjang cangkang
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One-way ANOVA: Pertumbuhan Panjang Cangkang versus Perlakuan
Source DF SS MS F P Perlakuan 4 3235.5 808.9 11.34 0.001 Error 10 713.1 71.3
Total 14 3948.6
S = 8.445 R-Sq = 81.94% R-Sq(adj) = 74.72%
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ---+---+---+---+--- FT 100% 3 80.15 8.57 (----*---) FT 200% 3 85.91 1.76 (----*----) FT 400% 3 105.72 9.51 (---*----) FT 50% 3 81.61 7.98 (---*----) Kontrol 3 59.67 11.22 (---*----) ---+---+---+---+--- 60 80 100 120 Pooled StDev = 8.44
Grouping Information Using Tukey Method Perlakuan N Mean Grouping
FT 400% 3 105.722 A FT 200% 3 85.907 A B FT 50% 3 81.611 B C FT 100% 3 80.148 B C Kontrol 3 59.667 C
Lampiran 7 Komposisi organ abalon awal dan akhir penelitian Perlakuan Berat badan Berat daging Berat cangkang Proposi daging Proporsi cangkang Organ dalam gr gr gr % % % Kontrol 4.11 2.6 1.15 63.26 27.98 8.76 4.63 3.24 1.28 69.98 27.65 2.37 Rerata 2.92 1.22 66.62 27.82 5.57 4.55 2.97 1.28 65.27 28.13 6.60 Flow Through 5.09 3.31 1.49 65.03 29.27 5.70 5.04 3.39 1.31 67.25 25.99 6.73 Rerata 3.22 1.35 65.85 27.80 6.34
Komposisi organ abalon akhir penelitian 7 juli 2012 : 10.00 Wita
Kontrol 5.24 2.38 1.46 45.42 27.86 26.72 7.11 3.77 2.32 53.02 32.63 14.35 6.45 3.35 1.86 51.94 28.48 19.22 5.32 2.74 1.39 51.5 26.13 22.37 Rerata 6.03 3.06 1.7575 50.47 28.87 20.66 FT 50% 8.4 4.97 2.06 59.17 24.52 16.31 6.56 3.2 2.12 48.78 32.32 18.90 8.67 4.12 2.02 47.52 23.3 29.18 7.46 4.02 1.88 53.89 25.2 20.91 Rerata 7.7725 4.0775 2.02 52.34 26.335 21.325 FT 100% 8.55 4.1 2.04 47.95 32.86 19.19 7.32 4.13 1.87 55.94 25.55 18.52 7.38 4.62 2.01 47.52 27.23 25.25 8.28 4.56 1.76 64.41 24.86 10.73 Rerata 7.8825 4.3525 1.92 53.955 27.625 18.42 FT 200% 8.67 4.97 2.15 57.32 24.8 17.88 8.44 4.71 2.1 55.81 24.88 19.31 8.79 5.31 2.41 60.41 27.42 12.17 7.9 3.47 2.21 43.92 28,00 28.08 Rerata 8.45 4.615 2.22 54.365 26.275 19.36 FT 400% 10.42 6.57 2.86 63.05 27.45 9.50 8.55 5.06 2.06 59.18 24.10 16.72 6.85 3.92 2.04 57.23 29.78 12.99 8.41 4.4 2.36 52.32 28.06 19.62 Rerata 8.56 4.99 2.33 57.94 27.35 14.71
Lampiran 8 ANOVA Efisiensi Pakan
One-way ANOVA: efisiensi versus Perlakuan
Source DF SS MS F P Perlakuan 4 1225.1 306.3 24.76 0.000 Error 10 123.7 12.4
Total 14 1348.8
S = 3.517 R-Sq = 90.83% R-Sq(adj) = 87.16%
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ---+---+---+---+ FT 100% 3 55.270 3.933 (---*----) FT 200% 3 54.951 4.304 (----*---) FT 400% 3 63.219 4.733 (---*----) FT 50% 3 51.166 1.586 (---*----) kontrol 3 35.800 1.711 (----*---) ---+---+---+---+ 40 50 60 70 Pooled StDev = 3.517
Grouping Information Using Tukey Method Perlakuan N Mean Grouping
FT 400% 3 63.219 A FT 100% 3 55.270 A B FT 200% 3 54.951 A B FT 50% 3 51.166 B kontrol 3 35.800 C
Lampiran 9 Kuesioner uji Organoleptik dan hedonik KUESIONER
Petunjuk:
Berilah tanda [ √ ] pada opsi pernyataan di bawah ini yang menurut anda sesuai dengan sample D. A-E (terlampir) :
01 Menurut anda, tekstur daging abalon (Haliotis squamata) adalah :
Sampel Tekstur
Kenyal Keras Lunak A
B C D E
02 Dari pernyataan no. 01 tersebut, rasa daging abalon pada sampel D. A-E menunjukkan : Sample Rasa Amis Gurih A B C D E
Berikan saran dan pendapat anda jika ada yang dianggap perlu, berdasarkan pengamatan pada sampel no.01 dan 02 dimaksud :
03 Menurut anda, sampel D. A-E yang menunjukkan :
Sampel Kenyal Keras Lunak Amis Gurih A
B C D E
Berikan Komentar, jika anda mempunyai pendapat yang berbeda :
04 Menurut anda warna cangkang abalon (Haliotis squamata) masing-masing sampel C. A-E adalah :
Sampel Cangkang Cerah Abu-abu A B C D E
Berikan saran jika ada perbedaan warna pada sampel:
05 Menurut anda permukaan cangkang abalon masing-masing sampel C. A-E, menunjukkan : Sample Permukaan Kasar Halus A B C D E Berikan komentar : Tanda tangan Inisial: ……… ………..
Lampiran 10 Uji penilaian organoleptik.
No Sampel Tekstur Rasa
Kenyal Keras Lunak Amis Gurih
1 2 3 4 5 Kontrol FT 50% FT 100% FT 200% FT 400% 20 16 23 23 16 1 9 0 1 18 6 3 5 3 4 6 12 9 7 3 22 18 17 23 26 n= 30
Lampiran 11 Uji penilaian hedonik.
No Sampel Warna cangkang Permukaan cangkang Cerah Abu-abu Halus Kasar 1 2 3 4 5 Kontrol FT 50% FT 100% FT 200% FT 400% 17 9 13 13 10 5 13 9 8 13 5 3 6 7 12 22 25 22 20 16 n= 30
Lampiran 12 Kisaran kualitas air selama penelitian
Perlkuan
Parameter kualitas air yang diamati
Salinitas(ppt) DO (mg/L) Suhu (oC) pH P S P S P S P S Kontrol FT 50% FT 100% FT 200% FT 400% 31-36 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 31-36 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 5,33-7,35 5,58-7,34 5,59-7,31 5,78-7,23 5,41-7,23 5,56-6,78 5,68-6,58 5,60-6,72 5,72-6,66 5,75-6,58 23,9-24,6 25,1-26,4 26,5-26,9 26,4-27,4 26,7-27,8 26,1-27,4 27,7-28,9 28,6-29,8 28,7-29,8 29,5-29,9 8,11-8,60 8,18-8,60 8,21-8,59 8,21-8,60 8,25-8,63 8,07-8,60 8,18-8,61 8,20-8,62 8,18-8,61 8,23-8,69 Keterangan : P= pagi (06.15 – 07.30) S= Sore (17.15 – 18.00) DO sumber air = 6,03 mg/L
using water Exchange by Flow Through System. Supervised by KUKUH NIRMALA, NUR BAMBANG PRIYO UTOMO and TRI HERU PRIHADI.
This study aimed to determine the use of water exchange with flow through system for growing abalone, Haliotis squamata.This study was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. Briefly, abalone with average body weight 4.90±0.17 g, shell length 31.31±0.17 mm, and shell width 19.10±0.75 mm were subjected to varying rate water exchange and then control. This research water exchange of flow through system were set up at 0% (FT 0), 50% (FT 50), 100% (FT 100), 200% (FT 200) and 400% (FT 400). The results show that all water exchange had significantly different to the control (FT0). Growth response of FT 400, FT 200, FT 100, FT 50, and kontrol were 0.84±0,07%; 0.73±0.06%; 0,74±0,06%; 0.67±0.02%; and 0.46±0.02%, respectively. More over, FT 400 gain it’s shell growth highest (0,28±0.04%) than others. The growth of abalone shell length at FT 400 (105,72±0,53 µm) system treatment provide good growth than to control (59,67 0.41 µm). Water exchange with flow through system can support growth rate of abalone. FT 400% give survival rate, increase production, quality abalone and effieciency of the best diet. Keywords: Haliotis squamata, Water exchange, Flow through sistem
dengan Penggantian Air Sistem Flow Through. Dibimbing oleh KUKUH NIRMALA, NUR BAMBANG PRIYO UTOMO dan TRI HERU PRIHADI.
Abalon (Haliotis squamata) merupakan komoditi perikanan yang memiliki prospek dan nilai ekonomis tinggi serta pangsa pasar yang cukup baik. Menipisnya stok abalon di alam, menyebabkan pengembangan budidaya abalon meningkat pesat dan sekarang tersebar luas di banyak negara termasuk Amerika Serikat, Meksiko, Afrika Selatan, Australia, Jepang, Cina, Taiwan, Irlandia, Islandia dan lainnya. Dari tahun 1989-1999, komoditi perikanan abalon di alam telah menurun sekitar 30%.
Tingginya permintaan pasar terhadap abalon yang diikuti harga yang tinggi menyebabkan eksploitasi abalon di alam menjadi semakin meningkat. Sediaan abalon diberbagai negara terus menurun akibat tangkapan berlebihan, sementara disisi lain permintaan selalu ada bahkan terus meningkat, kondisi ini lebih menciptakan kesempatan bagi kegiatan akuakultur abalon.
Kondisi lingkungan yang optimal melalui sistem penggantian air yang tepat diharapkan respon fisiologis abalon akan mencapai aklimatisasi sempurna, yaitu suatu kondisi dimana laju fisiologis tidak dipengaruhi oleh perubahan faktor lingkungan. Apabila kondisi ini tercapai maka energi untuk aktivitas dapat ditekan sehingga akan lebih banyak digunakan untuk pertumbuhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji penggantian air yang berbeda pada sistem flow through terhadap keragaan produksi dan kualitas abalon, H. squamata.
Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan, yaitu pada bulan April sampai dengan bulan Juli 2012. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Laut Gondol–Bali. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pergantian air flow through sistem (FT) dimana perlakuan 0% (Kontrol), FT 50% = 1,042 liter jam-1, FT 100% =2,08 liter jam-1, FT 200% = 4,17 liter jam-1, dan FT 400% = 8,33 liter jam-1. Setelah selesai pemeliharaan maka dilakukan analisis pertumbuhan (berat dan panjang cangkang), kelangsungan hidup (SR), komposisi organ abalon (berat badan, cangakang dan organ dalam), bioekonomi, proksimat daging, uji proksimat pakan, uji organoleptik dan hedonik, Efisiensi pakan (EP), salinitas, oksigen terlarut (DO), suhu, pH, kesadahan, Kalsium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) dan Phospor (PO4). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dengan uji F pada selang kepercayaan 95% untuk menentukan apakah perlakuan berpengaruh. Jika perlakuan berpengaruh nyata, maka untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Tukey.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian perlakuan sistem FT 400% (0,84 0,07%), memberikan respon pertumbuhan yang baik dibanding dengan kontrol (0,46 0,02%), kemudian diikuti oleh perlakuan FT 50% (0,67 0,02%). Pertumbuhan panjang cangkang abalon menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem FT 400% (105,72±0,53 µm) memberikan laju pertumbuhan terbaik dibanding kontrol (59,67±0,41µm) dan berbeda nyata terhadap kontrol (p 0,05). Pertumbuhan mutlak menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem FT 400% (5,68 0,42) adalah terbaik dibanding kontrol (2,53 0,16). Hasil