Agati, G., Matteini, P., Goti, A., & Tattini, M. 2007. Chloroplast located
flavonoids can scavenge singlet oxygen.New Phytologist. 174: 77-8
Aksornkoae, S. 1993. Ecology and Management of Mangroves. Bangkok: IUCN.
Arief, A. 2003. Hutan Mangrove Fungsi dan Manfaatnya. Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Bachtiar, 2010. Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Mangrove di Kabupaten Ciamis sebagai Sumber Senyawa Antibakteri pada Ikan
Backer, C.A. and R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1965. Flora of Java. Vol. II. Groningen: P.Noordhoff
Bandarnayake WM (2002). Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical
constituents of mangrove plants. Wetlands Ecol. Manage. 10: 421-452. Banerjee, D., Chakrabarti, S., Hazra, A.K., Banerjee, S., Ray, J. & Mukherjee, B.
2008. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of some mangroves in
Sundarbans. African Journal of Biotechnolo-gy Vol. 7 (6), pp. 805-810
Basyuni, M. Baba, S., Takara et al 2007. Isoprenoids of Okinawan Mangroves as
Lipid Input Into Estuarine Ecosystem. J. Oceanogr. 63. 601-608
Basyuni, M., Baba, S., Inafuku, M., Iwasaki, H., Kinjo, K., Oku, H. 2009.
Expression of terpenoid synthase mRNA and terpenoid content in salt
stressed mangrove. J.Plant Physiol. 166, 1786-1800.
Bengen, D.G. 2000. Sinopsis Ekosistem dan Sumberdaya Alam Pesisir. Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan IPB.
Bengen, D.G. 2001. Ekositem dan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut serta Pengelolaan secara Terpadu dan Berkelanjutan. Prosiding Pelatihan Pengelolaan Pesisir Terpadu. Bogor, 29 Oktober - 3 November 2001. Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Campbell. 2003. Biologi Jilid 2. Erlangga. Jakarta.
Chapman, V.J. 1997. Mangrove Vegetation, dalam Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia, Noor, R.Y., M. Khazali, dan I.N.N. Suryadiputra. 1999. PHKA/WI-IP, Bogor]
Fahrudin Fuad. 2009. Budidaya Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) Menggunakan
Ekstraks Teh dan Pupuk Kascing. Skripsi. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Giri C, E. Ochieng, L. L. Tieszen, et al. 2011. Status anf Distribution of Mangrove Forest of The World Using Earth Observation Satellite Data Global Ecology and Biogeography. 20, 154-159. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. USA. Gosalam, S., N. Juli dan Taufikurahman. 2000. Isolasi bakteri dari ekosistem
mangove yang mampu mendegadasi residu minyak bumi. D113-122. Prosiding Konperensi Nasional II Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan Indonesia. Makasar.
Hanson, J. R. 2011. Natural Products: The Secondary Metabolites. University of
Sussex
Hardjadi, S. S. dan Yahya. 1988. Fisiologi Stress Lingkungan. PAU – IPB. Bogor. Haryono, S. K. 2001. Heritabilitas dan korelasi genotipe jemponan indeks panen
dan indeks beberapa nomor contoh kecipir. Zuriat 22 (1):38-47
Hutabean, E, E., C, Kusmana dan H, R. Dewi. 1999. Studi Kemampuan Tumbuh
Anakan Mangove Jenis RhizoPora mucronata, RhizoPora gimnorrhizadan
Avicennia marina pada Berbagai Tingkat Salinitas. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika V(1), 77-85.
Istomo. 1992. Tinjauan ekologi hutan mangrove dan pemanfaatannya di Indonesia. Fakultas Kehutanan IPB. Bogor
Kim, Y.J., Ham, A.R., Shim, J.S., Lee, J.H., Jung, D.Y., In J.G., Lee, B.S.,Yang,
D.C. 2008. Isolation and characterization of terpene synthase gene from
Panax ginseng. J. Ginseng Res. 32,114–119.
Kitamura, S., Anwar, C., Chainago, A dan Baba S. 1997. Buku Panduan Mangrove di Indonesia Bali dan Lombok. Jaya Abadi. Denpasar.
Lewis, R.R. 1990. Creation and restoration of coastal wetlands in Puerto Rico
and the US Virgin Islands. In Kusler J.A. and M.E. Kentula (ed.) Wetland Creation and Resto-ration: The Status of Science, Vol. I:Regional
Reviews. Washington: Island Press.
Lindgren BO. 1965. Homologous aliphalic C30-C45 terpenols in birch wood.
Acta ChemScand., 19: 1317-26. Mankowski T, Jankowski W, Chojnacki T, Franke P. 1976. C55-dolichol: occurrence in pig liver and preparation by hydrogenation of plant undecaprenol. Biochemistry., 10: 2125-30.
MacNAE, W. 1968. A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove
swamps and forests in the Indo-West Pacific Region. Adv. Mar. Biol. 6: 73-270.
Mansour, M.M.F., van Hasselt, P.R., Kuiper, P.J.C. 1994. Plasma membrane lipid alternations induced by NaCl in winter wheat roots. Physiol. Plant. 92: 473–478.
MoE (Minister of Environment). 1997. National Strategy for Mangrove
Management in Indonesia. Volume 2 (mangrove in Indonesia current status). Jakarta: Office of the Minister of Environment, Departement of
Forestry, Indonesian Institute of Science, Department of Home Affairsand
The Mangrove Foundation.
Noor, Y.R., M. Khazali, dan I.N.N. Suryadiputra. 1999. Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia. PKA/WI-IP. Bogor.
Noor,Y. R, M. Khazali dan I.N.N Suryadiputra. 2006. Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia. Wetlands Internasional-Indonesia Programe.Bogor.
Nybakken, J.W. 1993. Biologi Laut: Suatu pendekatan ekologis (Terjemahan oleh: M. Eidman, Koessoebiono dan D. G. Bengen, M. Hutomo dan Sukristijono). Penerbit PT. Gramedia. Jakarta. Indonesia
Odum, E.P.1971. Fundamental Ecology 3. E. D.W.B. Sounders Company. Philadelphia
Oku, H., Baba, S., Koga, H., Takara, K., & Iwasaki, H. 2003. Lipid composition of mangrove and its relevance to salt tolerance”, J. Plant Res., 116, 37-45. Pangaribuan, N. 2001. Hardening dalam Upaya Mengatasi Efek Toksik pada
Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus, sp.). hal: 25 – 29.
Plantamor. 2012. Informasi Spesies. http://plantamor.com. [ 7 Oktober 2014 ]. Primavera, J.H. 1993. A critical review of shrimp pond culture in the Philippines.
reviews in fisheries. Science 1 (2): 151-201
Salisbury, F. B dan Cleon W. Ross. 1995. Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Jilid I. ITB. Bandung. Hal. 67-72.
Scholander, P.F., Hammel, H.T., Hemmingsen, E., Garey, W., 1968. Salt balance
in mangroves. Plant Physiol. 37, 722–729.
Shannon,M. C., C.M. Grieve dan L.E. Francois. 1994. Wholeplant response
tosalinity. In. Wilkinson. R. E. (Ed.) Plant environment intgeraction. Marcel Dracker. Inc. New York. Pp. 199 – 228
Spalding M, Kainuma M, dan Collins l. 2010. World Atlas of Mangroves di
Springob and Kutchan (2009). Introduction to the Different Classes of Natural Products. Eds. A. E. Osbourn and V. Lanzotti. Plant-derived Natural Products: Synthesis, Function, and Application. Springer.
Sukardjo, S.1985. Conservation of The Marine Life of Mangroves Forest,
Estuaries and Wetland Vegetation in Cimanuk Nature Reserve, BIOTROP Spec. Publ. No. 30. 1985
Suga T, Ohta S, Nakai A, Munesada K.1989.Glicynoprenols: novel polyprenols
possessing a phytyl residue from the leaves of soybean. J Org Chem., 54: 3390-3
Tanasale, M.F. J. D. P. 1997. Desalinasi dengan tanaman mangrove. Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, IPB Bogor
Tomlinson, P. B., 1986. The Botany of Mangroves, Cambridge UniversityPress.
Tudek, K.S., Jacek W., Ewa S. 2007. Polyisoprenoid Alcohols—Recent Results
of Structural Studies. The Chemical Record 8: 33–45.
Wink, M. 2010. Introduction: Biochemistry, Physiology and Ecological Functions
of Secondary Metabolites. Annual Plant Reviews 40, 1–19.
Wojtas,M., Tomasz B., Seiji T., Hiroshi S., Tadeusz C., Witold D., Ewa S. 2004.
Polyisoprenoid alcohols from the mushroom Lentinus edodes. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 130: 109–115.
LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji Dunnet’s semai A. officinalis
pada berbagai tingkat salinitas.
a. Ratio Tajuk dan akar
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05 Error Degrees of Freedom 17 Error Mean Square 0.603291 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.52161
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***.
Difference
GROUP Between Simultaneous 95% Comparison Means Confidence Limits
4 - 1 -1.1667 -3.2822 0.9488 3 - 1 -1.4167 -3.5322 0.6988 2 - 1 -1.6714 -3.7652 0.4224 5 - 1 -2.0000 -4.3988 0.3988
b. Luas Daun
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 17 Error Mean Square 3000.327 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.52161
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***.
Difference
GROUP Between Simultaneous 95% Comparison Means Confidence Limits
4 - 1 -111.95 -261.14 37.24 3 - 1 -130.91 -280.10 18.28 2 - 1 -132.91 -280.57 14.75 5 - 1 -180.80 -349.97 -11.64 ***
c. Berat Basah Tajuk
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 17 Error Mean Square 4.906499 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.52161
Difference Simultaneous GROUP Between 95% Confidence Comparison Means Limits
4 - 1 -5.117 -11.150 0.916 3 - 1 -5.300 -11.333 0.733 2 - 1 -6.043 -12.014 -0.072 *** 5 - 1 -7.150 -13.991 -0.309 ***
d. Berat Basah Akar
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 18 Error Mean Square 2.753995 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.59262
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***.
Difference
GROUP Between Simultaneous 95% Comparison Means Confidence Limits
2 - 1 -2.2357 -5.6854 1.2140 4 - 1 -2.2500 -5.7630 1.2630 3 - 1 -2.3167 -5.8296 1.1963 5 - 1 -3.8000 -8.1025 0.5025
e. Jumlah Daun
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 18 Error Mean Square 2.753995 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.59262
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***.
Difference
GROUP Between Simultaneous 95% Comparison Means Confidence Limits
2 - 1 -2.2357 -5.6854 1.2140 4 - 1 -2.2500 -5.7630 1.2630 3 - 1 -2.3167 -5.8296 1.1963 5 - 1 -3.8000 -8.1025 0.5025
f. Berat Kering Tajuk
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Mean Square 0.483519 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.52161
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***.
Difference
GROUP Between Simultaneous 95% Comparison Means Confidence Limits
4 - 1 -0.8867 -2.7806 1.0072 3 - 1 -0.9850 -2.8789 0.9089 2 - 1 -1.0286 -2.9031 0.8459 5 - 1 -1.1800 -3.3275 0.9675
g. Berat Kering Akar
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 18 Error Mean Square 0.149034 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.59262
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***. Difference
GROUP Between Simultaneous 95% Comparison Means Confidence Limits
4 - 1 -0.5000 -1.3172 0.3172 3 - 1 -0.6167 -1.4339 0.2005 2 - 1 -0.8286 -1.6311 -0.0261 *** 5 - 1 -1.0000 -2.0009 0.0009
h. Diameter
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 17 Error Mean Square 0.0059 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.52161
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***.
Difference
GROUP Between Simultaneous 95% Comparison Means Confidence Limits
3 - 1 -0.21333 -0.42254 -0.00412 *** 4 - 1 -0.28167 -0.49088 -0.07246 *** 2 - 1 -0.30143 -0.50849 -0.09436 *** 5 - 1 -0.39000 -0.62722 -0.15278 ***
i. Tinggi
Dunnett's t Tests for DATA
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error for comparisons of all treatments against a control.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 18 Error Mean Square 64.34604 Critical Value of Dunnett's t 2.59262
Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by ***.
Difference Simultaneous GROUP Between 95% Confidence Comparison Means Limits
4 - 1 8.333 -8.647 25.314 3 - 1 7.717 -9.264 24.697 2 - 1 5.107 -11.568 21.782 5 - 1 -1.400 -22.197 19.397
