CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW
D. Data and Source of Data
Utami (2020), said that data is interpreited as a representation of information or notes on a collection of facts in the form of text or numeric forms (sequence of numbers, letters,images, etc). The data of this research was obtained in the form of description written text that gotten from the interview transcript and observation.
No. Activity Month
Mar 2021
Mar-May 2021
June 2021
Aug-Oct 2021
Des 2021
Apr-July 2022
Nov 2022
1. Pre-Research 2. Designing
proposal 4. Proposal Seminar 5. Observation 6. Data Collection 7. Data Analysis 8. Research
Report
2. Source of Data
The source of the data refers to the subject from which the data are obtained (Arikunto, 2010: 172). There are two sources of data in this study, namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data is a data source that directly provides data to data collectors, in this research the primary data is gotten from both of the teacher and students of SMP N 1 Pedan. Whereas, the secondary data is data sources that do not directly provide data to data collectors, for example through other people or documents. The secondary data obtained from the chat screenshots from WhatsApp and YouTube material.
E. Techniques of Collecting Data 1. Interview
Interviews are extended discussions in which phenomenon can occur and be evaluated in the sense of meaning conveyed by the person being interviewed in order to obtain in-depth information about a specific topic or subject (Schostak, 2006:54). In this case,researcher conducted the interview by online since all the face to face learning activities is transfered to online during the Covid-19 outbreaks.This interview will be using structured interview.
Table 3.2 : Aspect of Interview
Aspects Indicator
Implementation of mixing YouTube video and WhatsApp
The use of online media
Strategies of using online media Features of YouTube video and WhatsApp
The advantages of using online media
Problem faced by teacher and students The disadvantages of using online media
Suggestion for using online media
Interview is used to obtain the data from the teacher and students’
statement, the statement was in the form of utterance. The interview was talking about English learning process and the difficulties of using YouTube Video and WhatsApp Group as media for English teaching.
The intention of doing this interview is to gain the information and data related to the the use of YouTube and WhatsApp Group in English Teaching at SMP N 1 Pedan.
2. Documentation
Documentation is the method used in scientific research in order to collect the data by using the document or evidence list. Researcher use the documentation method to investigate at written object such as notes, magazines, documents, meeting minutes, and rules, among other things (Arikunto, 2010:201). In this research, researcher took a screenshot from media in the teaching learning process such as WhatsApp Group, students’ assignments and students’ material.
3. Observation
The purpose of this observation is in order to find out the real situation on how the online learning process be held. Because the learning activities does not run conventionally and still taking place through online, researcher observed the English learning process for at least 8 meetings in WhatsApp Group.
F. Technique of Analysis Data
Data analysis in this study was carried out descriptively to analyze data that referring to the Miles & Hubermen method:
1. Collecting Data
Interviews were conducted to collect data. Researcher records and takes note the results of interviews from teachers and students.
Researcher also collected screenshots of the learning process from the WhatsApp group as documentation data.
2. Data Reduction
Researchers select and compile data, move data into notes of the teaching process. Reduction is carried out since data collection begins by compiling a summary, coding, tracking themes, creating clusters, writing memos, etc. with the intention of setting aside irrelevant data / information until the final report is complete.
3. Display Data
The presentation of qualitative data is presented in the form of narrative text. Presentations can also be in the form of matrices, diagrams,
tables and charts to explain the processes that occur in learning English.
The presentation of the data begins with providing a description of the results of the previously classified research. From the data that has been presented, it is then discussed and interpreted based on the theories chosen by the researcher to get a clear result.
4. Drawing Conclusion
Drawing conclusions in the form of interpretation activities, namely finding the meaning of the data that has been presented. Between data display and drawing conclusions there are existing data analysis activities. Researcher connect and compare with one another so that conclusions can be drawn as an answer to existing problems, which has the meaning of organizing data, selecting, describing, compiling and making conclusions.
G. Trustworthiness of Data
Triangulation is one of the approaches for analyzing and applying qualitative data processing processes. Triangulation is a strategy for checking or comparing the data's trustworthiness by utilizing something other than the data to check or compare it (Moleong, 2001:178). The following are types of triangulation classified by Sugiyono (2016) :
1. Triangulation of data sources
Triangulation of data sources uses to test the credibility of the data by checking the data that has been obtained through several sources. This is done by exploring the truth of certain information by
using various data sources such as documents, interviews, observations or also by interviewing more than one subject who is considered to have a different point of view.
2. Triangulation Technique
Triangulation technique use to test the credibility of the data by checking data from the same source with different techniques. For example, data obtained by interview, then checked by observation, documentation, or questionnaire.
3. Triangulation of Time
The data collected by interview technique in the morning when the informants are still fresh will provide more credible and valid data.
In order to test the credibility of the data, it can be done by checking with interviews, observations, or other techniques in different times or situations. If the test results produce different data, the procedure is repeated until the certainty of the data is found.
From the various types of triangulation, the resercher applied triangulation of data sources. As a result, the researcher compares the findings from other sources in order to verify the truth by checking the data that has been obtained from several data sources such as the result of interview, observation and documentation.