K.
Answer key: C
Pilihan (C) benar untuk melengkapi kalimat soal yang artinya harus. Jenis modal ini digunakan sebagai suatu keharusan. Artinya saya akan ada tes besok, maka saya harus belajar malam ini.
3. Adi : You have two minutes left before the match ends or you . . . . Edo : Ok, we’ll try our best. A. have lost
B. might lose C are losing D. have to lose E. should have lost
Answer key: B
Pilihan (B) benar untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut yang artinya mungkin kalah. Artinya, kamu punya waktu dua menit tersisa sebelum pertandingan berakhir atau kamu mungkin kalah. Jadi soal ini menyatakan tentang kemungkinan.
1. Pengertian
Direct Speech adalah bentuk kalimat kutipan
asli dari pembicara atau pendapat seseorang tanpa mengalami perubahan.
x Lisa said: “I am happy”. (direct speech) x “We will help you”, Andre and Donny
said. (direct speech)
Indirect speech/reported speech adalah kalimat
tidak langsung atau kalimat orang lain yang diulangi dalam bentuk lain oleh pembicara, tanpa menggunakan bentuk yang sama (the exact word of
the speaker), tapi masih mempertahankan maksud
atau isi kalimat aslinya.
x She says, “The test will begin soon”. (direct speech)
x She says that the test will begin soon. (indirect speech)
Dalam kalimat tidak langsung yang kata kerja pengantarnya bentuk present, yang berubah adalah kata ganti orang, namun
tensenya tidak berubah.
C
CC
CC AAAAA TTTTT AAAAA TTTTT AAAAA NNNNN
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. Present Tense Past Tense 2. Present Continuous Past Continuous 3. Past Tense Past Perfect
(had + verb-3)
4. Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (had been + verb-ing) 5. Present Perfect Past Perfect
6. Present Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Continuous
7. Present Future Past Future Tense (Simple/Continuous) (Simple/Continuous) 8. Past Future Tense (Past Perfect Future)
4. Perubahan dari direct ke indirect Speech
a. Reported speech yang berbentuk statement
(pernyataan).
Sebuah kalimat pernyataan menggunakan kata pengantar said informed (that) + . . . explained told x Direct Speech
Linda: “I would buy some novels.”
Indirect Speech
Linda said, she would had bought some novels.
b. Reported speech yang berasal dari interogatif tense (kalimat tanya)
5 55 5
5 Mengubah bentuk kalimat tanya menjadi kalimat berita.
Bentuk kalimat tanya yang didahului dengan auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu). Bila pertanyaan mulai dengan kata kerja bantu maka kalimat tidak langsungnya menggunakan rumus berikut.
If/whether + S + Auxiliary Verb + Object
x Direct Speech
Andre: “Are you sick?”
Reported Speech
Andre asked me if/whether I was sick.
x Direct Speech
John: “May I borrow your book?”
Reported Speech
John asked me if/whether he might borrow my book.
x Direct Speech
Brenda: “Have you been to London?”
Reported Speech
Brenda wanted to know if/whether I had been to London.
Bentuk kalimat tanya yang didahului oleh ’wh’ question (what, who, whom, which,
whose, how). Bila pertanyaan mulai dengan
’wh’ questions maka kalimat tidak langsung (reported speech) menggunakan rumus berikut.
’Wh’ Questions + S + Verb
x Direct Speech
He said, “Where do you live?”
Indirect Speech
He asked me where I lived. x Direct Speech
Dion: “I’m bored now.”
Indirect Speech
Dion said that he was bored then. x Direct Speech
Lucy: “I am studying Mathematics now.”
Indirect Speech
Lucy said that she was studying Mathematics then.
x Direct Speech
Mr. Albert: “I didn’t sleep last night.”
Indirect Speech
Mr. Albert said that he hadn’t slept the night before.
x Direct Speech
Rudi: ”I was reading a novel when my mother called me”.
Indirect Speech
Rudi said that he had been reading a novel when his mother had called him.
x Direct Speech
Mrs. Lisa: “I have studied English.”
Indirect Speech
Mrs. Lisa said that she had studied English. Or, Mrs. Lisa said that she had been studying English.
x Direct Speech
Isabel: “I am going to the cinema tomorrow.”
Indirect Speech
Isabel said that she was going to the cinema.
Bila pembicara melaporkan atau menceritakan kembali apa yang dibicarakan oleh orang lain, maka kata benda dalam kalimat tersebut harus berubah.
x Direct Speech
She said, “When did you go to Australia?”
Indirect Speech
He asked me when I had went to Australia.
x Direct Speech
Tom said, “What will you buy?”
Indirect Speech
Tom asked me what I would buy.
1. Rika : Mom, when will you go to Malang?
Mother : Tomorrow morning. Rika asked mother . . . .
A. when she was going to Malang B. when she goes to Malang C. when did she go to Malang D. when does she go to Malang E. when she would go to Malang
Answer key: E
Pilihan (E) adalah benar untuk melengkapi kalimat karena soal tentang kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) sehingga menjadi past future tense dari kalimat langsung (direch speech) yang berpola present future tense.
2. The teacher asked me . . . with the headmaster.
A. how was my appointment B. did I have an appointment C. whether I had an appoinment c. Reported speech yang berubah dari sebuah
reported imperative (kalimat perintah). Kata
kerja pengantar dalam bentuk ini adalah sebagai berikut.
told ordered
asked + to + verb-1 or begged + not to + verb-1 advised
requested 5
55 5
5 Bentuk reported imperative
Positive Imperative
Bentuk positive imperative adalah bentuk kalimat perintah tanpa ’not’. Polanya adalah sebagai berikut.
to + verb-1
x Direct Speech
“Close the window, please!”
Indirect Speech
He told me to close the window. x Direct Speech
“Be dilligent, son!”
Indirect Speech
She asked him to be dilligent. x Direct Speech
“Listen this news please!”
Indirect Speech
He requested me to listen this news Negative Imperative
Jika kalimat perintah negatif diawali dengan kata ’don’t’ maka bentuk kata kerja negatifnya berubah menjadi ’not’ dan diikuti infinitive dengan ’to’. Jadi kalimat perintah negatifnya adalah sebagai berikut.
x Direct Speech
”Don’t be angry!”
Indirect Speech
He told me not to be angry. x Direct Speech
”Don’t read this letter!”
Indirect Speech
She warned him not to read this letter.
x Direct Speech
”Please don’t be nervous, Fred!”
Indirect Speech
I ordered Fred not to be nervous.
Perubahan dalam bentuk kalimat tidak langsung hanya terjadi pada keterangan waktu (adverb of time) dan keterangan tempat (adverb of place), namun tidak mengalami perubahan tense. Kalau bentuk permohonan menggunakan kata ”please”, maka dalam kalimat tidak langsungnya tidak menggunakan kata please.
C
CC
D. when is my appointment E. that I had an appoinment
Answer key: C
Pilihan (C) adalah benar untuk me-lengkapi kalimat soal tentang kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) yang menjadi kalimat pernyataan berpola
simple past tense dan mendapatkan
imbuhan kata whether.
3. Father said, “ Do you have a homework today?
Father asked . . . .
A. whether he have a homework today B. whether I had a homework that day C. when I had a homework
D. do I have a homework today E. was I have a homework today
Answer key: B
Pilihan (B) adalah benar untuk melengkapi kalimat karena soal tentang
indirect speech berpola simple past tense
dari kalimat direct speech berpola simple
present tense. Jadi perubahan yang terjadi
adalah pada tensenya, keterangan waktu
today menjadi that day dan mendapat
tambahan kata whether.
1. Uncle : Why do you look so sad? Wulan : I didn’t pass my test. Uncle : . . .
A. You should have studied well. B. You have studied hard. C. You may prepare it. D. You have prepared before. E. You can study well if you like.
Answer key: A
Pilihan (E) adalah benar sebagai nasehat paman terhadap Wulan yang berpola