Biological Applications
8.7 Environmental Applications
Industrial and Environmental Applications 183
1.5
1.0
0.5
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber (cm−1)
Absorbance
Figure 8.21 Infrared spectra of cigarette smoke (cf. SAQ 8.7) [35]. Used with permission from the Journal of Chemical Education, 78, No. 12, 2001, pp. 1665 – 1666; Copyright
2001, Division of Chemical Education, Inc.
because it can more readily differentiate the derivatives produced as a result of degradation. During the decomposition of ‘Mirex’, some of the chlorine atoms are substituted with hydrogen. The 5,10-dichloro derivative has anti- and syn-isomers, and these are difficult to separate by using GC–MS. However, the infrared spectra of the two isomers show bands at 1100 and 1120 cm−1, respec-tively. There is some overlap of these bands, but the pure spectrum of each isomer can be obtained from the difference spectra.
Summary
This chapter has provided an introduction to a number of industrial (and related) fields which utilize infrared spectroscopy as an analytical technique. This method is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of active and non-active ingredients. The food industry uses information from the mid- and near-infrared regions to carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis. Agricultural applications, such as the evaluation of grain, and the pulp and paper industries, were introduced and near-infrared spectroscopy was demon-strated as an important approach in these fields. Paints are variable mixtures and infrared spectroscopy provides an effective technique for the identification of the components of paints. Examples of environmental applications of infrared spectroscopy, including gases and pollutants, were also discussed.
Industrial and Environmental Applications 185
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