• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION

5.2. Suggestion

Based on the findings of the research, the researcher suggests for the next researchers to analyze about language and gender in other areas. There is nothing inherently wrong in the development of differing styles, which may include intonation, and phonology. Significant male or female differences are showed up in the pronunciation or absence of /r/. Women are more likely to

pronounce post-vocalic /r/. in addition, a markedly greater number of girls use /-ing/ more frequently, while more boys used more /-in/". Women also

substitute nasalized vowels for final nasals less frequently than do men and are less likely to substitute /f/, /t/, and /0/ for /Ø/.109 Therefore, the researcher suggests for the next researchers to develop this study, but viewed from another area, that is phonology because pronunciation provides the best evidence of gender-based language forms.

However, it is still better to conduct it from the native speaker to make it more neutral. What the researcher has been stressing through out this study is that the language is neither good nor bad but its use maybe for good or bad.

If one views women as inferior, then special speech characteristics will be viewed as inferior. When everyone in society created equal, and treated as such, there will be little concern for the sexual asymmetries which exist in language. Therefore, the researcher suggests for the next researchers to conduct their study at different culture from the researcher does to know whether there is also a relationship between the language and the culture. The researcher conducts this study in England setting, which has specific culture and attitude including attitudes toward women. From the findings, the researcher gains that British people are really appreciate women. This is also reflected in their language which not always trivializes women. Therefore, it will be an nteresting study for the next researchers to study about language and gender viewed from phonology area, and conducted in the American culture which has different attitudes in treating women. There will be found a

109 Jim Vandergrif, Is There A Women‟s Language, (Acessed on 27th of February 2008 from www.wikipedia.com)

proof that langauge and society or culture is interrelated and interference each other because England and America have different culture in appreciating women, then whether this also affects in their American language or not. This is the interesting duty for the next researchers.

REFERENCES

Aminah, A Sexist Language in The Headline News of Kompas, (Malang: UIN Malang, 2005)

Arikunto, Suharsini. (2002). Prosedur Penelitian; Suatu Pendekatan Praktek.

Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Al-Aziz, Ibnu Abdul Al-Said. (1417). The Noble Qur'an; English Translation of The Meanings and Commentary. Madinah Munawwaroh K.S.A: King Fahd Complex.

Amiruddin, Mariana. (2006). Feminism: Ilmu Pengetahuan Merindukan Kebenaran. Pengetahuan Perempuan, 48.

A S Hornby. (2000). Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (6th ed.). Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

Bakan. (1996). in David A. Huffaker and Sandra L. Calvert, Gender, Identity and Language Use in Teenage Blogs, (Journal of Computer mediated communication. 10 (2). Article 1, 2005). Accessed on 5th October 2008 from http:// jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue2/huffaker.html.

Bing, Janet. (1999). Sex & Gender and the Connection between Language and Gender. In Brain Sex: How the Media Report and Distort Brain Research, Women and Language 22, 4-12. Accessed on May 16th, 2008, from http://www.indiana.edu/-iggender/sex-vs-gender.html.

Boey, Lim Kiat. (1975). An Introduction to Linguistics for Language Teacher.

Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Bodgan, Robert. (1998). Qualitative Research for Education; An Introduction to Theory and Methods. America: A Viacom Company.

Cameron, Deborah. (1985). Feminism and Linguistic Theory. London: Macmilan Press

Chaer, Abdul. (2003). Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta

___________. (2003). Psikolinguistik; Kajian teoritik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

___________. (2003). Guidelines for Nonsexist Use of Language. Accessed on 14th September 2008, from http://www.keene.edu/pcsw/nsl.cfm.

Chaika, Elaine. (1982). Language the Social Mirror. Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, Inc.

Crystall, David. 1982. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. USA:

Cambridge University Press.

Davis, Alan. (2004). The Handbook of Applied Linguistics. Blackwell.

Eckert and Mcconel Ginet (2003). In David A. Huffaker and Sandra L. Calvert, Gender, Identity and Language Use in Teenage Blogs, (Journal of Computer mediated communication. 10 (2). Article 1, 2005) Accessed on 5th October 2008 from

http://jcmc.indiana.esdu/vol10/issue2/huffaker.html.

Eriyanto. (2006). Analisis Wacana; Pengantar Analisis Teks media (5th ed.).

Yogyakarta:PT.LKis Pelangi Aksara.

Fakih, Mansour. (2000). Perempuan Di Garis Depan. Jakarta: PB. Korp PMII Putri.

Fitzgerald, J. (1992). Guidelines on the use of gender-free language. Online:

accessed on August 17th 2008 from www. Google.com.

Firdaus, Akhol. (2005). Sindrom Iri penis:Kritik Nalar Feminisme. Surabaya:

Pinggir Indonesia.

___________. (2005). Non-Sexist Language: The American

PhilosophicalAssociation.accessed on 14th September 2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071119100310.htm.

Fromkin, Fromkin, (1997). An Introduction To Language (1sted). Canada:

Harcourt Brace s& Company.

Fromkin, Fromkin, Robert Rodman. (1978). An Introduction To Language (2nded). USA.

Fromkin, Fromkin, Blair, & Collins. (2001). An Introduction To Language (4thed).

Australia: Harcourt Australia Pty Limited

G jerz, Dennis. (1998). Gender-neutral Language. Accessed on 25th February 2008, from http://jerz.setonhill.edu/writing/style/gender.html.

Graddol, David & Swann, Joan. (1989). GenderVoices; Telaah Kritis Relasi Bahasa dan Struktur Sosial. Pasuruan: Pedati.

Graglia, F. Carolyn. (1998). Against the Theory of Sexist Language. Online:

accessed on 17th of July 2008 from www.google.com.

Illich, Ivan. (1982). Matinya Gender. Yoyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Isma‟il, Nurjannah. (2003). Perempuan Dalam Pasungan. Yogyakarta: LKis.

khotimatin, Umi. (2006). The Sexist Language in Miss Congeniality, (Malang:

UIN Malang

Lestari, Indah. (2006). Katakan dan Lawan: Bahasa dan Perjuangan Feminisme Dalam Teori Julia Kristeva. Pengetahuan Perempuan,

Madjid, Hilda Izzati. (2007). The Sexist Language In Tempo's Column. Malang:

UIN Malang.

Maulidah, Siti. (2005) Sexist Language in Radar Bromo. Malang: UIN Malang.

Lawrence M. Hinman, Ph.D. Director. (2008). Gender, Sexism, and Sexual Harassment. accessed on 7th of February 2008 from The Values Institute: http://www.university-sandiego.com/gendersexismandsexual harrasment.html,

Moeloeng, J. Lexy. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT.

Remaja Rosda Karya.

___________. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif; Edisi Revisi. Bandung:

PT. Remaja Rosda Karya.

Nath, Vishwalok and Prewett, Goeffrey. (2007).Women's Language. Accessed on 25th February 2008, from

http://www.putlearningfirst.com/language/23sexism/sexist.html.

Nicholson, William & Hirst, Michel. (2006). Elizabeth The Golden Age. Accessed on 3rd November 2008 from http://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Elizabeth-The Golden-Age.html.

Nur hayati, Elli. (2006). Ilmu Pengetahuan + Perempuan = … Pengetahuan perempuan, 48.

Pauwles Anne, Language, Sex and Gender. Accessed on 26th of February 2008 from http://www.equity&diversityunit.com.

Pavies, alan and elder, Catherine. (2004). The Handbook of Applied Linguistic.

Blackwell.

Rahardjo, Mudjia. (2002). Relung-Relung Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Aditya Media.

___________. (2002). Pengantar Penelitian Bahasa. Malang: Cendekia Pramulya Searls, Diane. (1994). Non Sexist Language. London: University College Cork

Press

Soekanto, Soerjono. (1990). Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar (4th ed). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.

Soeparno. (2002). Dasar-dasar Linguistik Umum.Yogyakarta: PT. Tiara Wacana.

Sofia, Linda. (2008). The Sexist Language of Jokes Column in Hello Magazine.

Malang: UIN Malang.

Sholihah, Siti. (2007). Wanita dan Media Massa. Yogyakarta: Teras.

Stanworth. (2006). A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English.

America: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Stapleton, Karyn. (2003). Gender and Swearing: A Community Practice.

Accessed on 7th December 20007, from http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.

Stevens, cliff. (2001). Language and gender. Accessed on 7th December 2007, from http://www.kichu.com/elp/gender.html.

Subhan, Zaitunah. (1999). Tafsir Kebencian; Studi Bias Gender Dalam Tafsir Al-Quran. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Tannen, Deborah. (1994). Gender and Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vetterling, Braggin. (1981). Guidelines for nonsexist language. Online: accessed on 15th of July 2007 from www.Google.com.

Wallacehinsky, David and Wallace, Irving. (1981). Sexism In Language Reproduction Permission From. “the people Almanacs” series of books, accessed on August 16th 2008 from www.trivia-library.com.

___________. (1982). Language Files Determent of linguistic/. Ohio State University revised second edition.

Wardaugh, Ronald. (1986). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Page Bros.

Wardaugh, Ronald. (1986). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Page Bros (2nd, Ed).

W.L. Rivers, T. Peterson and J.W. Jensen. (2003). Media Massa dan Masyarakat Modern (2nd ed.). Jakarta: Prenada Media.

Wijana, I Dewa Putu. (2006). Sosiolinguistik; Kajian Teori dan Analisis.

Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

Wikipedia. (2007). Gender in Neutral Language. Online: accessed on April 25th, 2007, from http:// en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/non-sexist_languge.

Wikipedia. (2008). Tag Question. Online: accessed on 14th September 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_question.

___________. (2007). Gender-neutral language in English. Online: accessed on

November 17th 2007, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-sexist_language.

___________.2007. Nonsexist Language. Regents of the University of Minnesota

Accessed on 7th February 2007, from

http://www1.umn.edu/urelate/style/language-bias.html

___________. (2007). Feminism Many Forms. Online: accessed on December 25th 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feminism many forms.

___________. (2008). Language and Gender. Accessed on 7th of February 2008 from http://www.kichu.com/elp/gender.html.

___________.

(2008).

Avoiding Sexist Language.Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut. Accessed on 7th of February 2008 from http://ualr.edu/owl/avoidsexistlanguage.htm.

___________. (2008), Essay, Research Paper: Sexiest Language. Accessed on 7th February from http://www.mcedv.org/getinvolved/men.htm.

Yule, George. (1985). The Study of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Yusuf, Y.K. (2002 ). Sexism in English. Online: accessed on August 17th 2007 from www. Google.com

.

A

P

P

E

N

D

I

X

SYNOPSIS

Elizabeth: The Golden Age is a film sequel to the 1998 film Elizabeth, directed by Shekhar kapur and produced by universal pictures and working title films. It stars Cate Blanchet in the title role and is loosely based on events during the latter part of the reign of Queen

Elizabeth I of England. The screenplay was written by William Nicholson and Michael Hirst. In 1558, Philip II of Spain‟s second wife, Mary I of England, “Bloody Mary”, died. They have wed in July 1554, a year after Mary‟s accession to the English throne, but the English parliament had refused to crown him jointly with Mary, so he had little power in England.

On Mary‟s death he had then tried unsuccessfully persuade her sister and successor, Elizabeth, to marry him, but she would not agree. The film opens in 1585, Roman Catholic Spain is the most powerful country in Europe, with King Philip II (Jordi Malla) on the throne. Seeing Protestant England as a threat, and in relation for English piracy of Spanish treasure shios to make war on his long-time enemy. He plans to take over the land that is now England and add it to what is already Spain, making his daughter Issabella Queen of England.

Elizabeth: The Golden Age finds Queen Elizabeth I (Oscar WinnerCate Blanchette) facing bloodlust or her throne and familial betrayal. Growing keenly aware of the changing religious and political tides of late 16th century Europe, Elizabeth finds her rule openly

challenged by King Philip II, with his powerful army and sea dominating armada, determined to restore England to Catholicism, preparing to go to war to defend her empire, Elizabeth struggles to balance ancient royal duties with an unexpected vulnerability in her love of Raleigh. But she remains forbidden for a Queen who has sworn body and soul to her country.

Unable and unwilling to pursue her love, Elizabeth encourages her favorite lady, in waiting, Bess (Abbie Cornish), to befriend Raleigh to keep him near. However, this strategy forces Elizabeth to observe their growing intimacy. As she charts her course abroad, her trusted advisor, Sir Francis Walsingham (Academy Award winner Goeffrey Rush), continues his masterful puppetry of Elizabeth‟s court at home and her campaign to solidify absolute power. Through an intricate spy network, Walsingham uncovers an assassination plot that could topple the throne. However, as he unmasks traitors that may include Elizabeth‟s own cousin Mary Stuart (Samantha Morton), he unknowingly sets England up or destruction.

Elizabeth: The Golden Age tells the thrilling tale of an era, the story of one woman‟s crusade to control love, crush enemies and secure her position as a beloved icon of the western world.

Dokumen terkait