a. Simple Past Future Tense
Adalah bentuk waktu (tenses) yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan terjadi pada waktu lampau (madli).40
Rumus Verbal
Contoh:
(+) They would read newspaper last night.
Mereka akan sudah membaca surat kabar tadi malam. (-) They would not read newspaper last night.
Mereka tidak akan sudah membaca surat kabar tadi malam. (?) Would they read newspaper last night?
Apakah mereka akan sudah membaca surat kabar tadi malam. Rumus Nominal
40
Ibid., hlm. 547.
(+) S + Should/Would + V-1 + Object (-) S + Should/Would + Not + V-1 + Object (?) Should/Would + S + V-1 + Object?
(+) S + Should/Would + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (-) S + Should/Would + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (?) Should/Would + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?
Contoh:
(+) They would be there with you the previous day.
Mereka sudah akan berada di sini bersamamu sehari sebelumnya. (-) They would not be there with you the previous day.
Mereka sudah tidak akan berada di sini bersamamu sehari sebelumnya.
(?) Would they be there with you the previous day?
Apakah mereka sudah akan berada di sini bersamamu sehari sebelumnya?
Time Signal
The next day (keesokan harinya), the day before (kemaren lusa), the previous day (sehari sebelumnya).
b. Past Future Continuous Tense
Adalah bentuk waktu (tenses) yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan sedang dilakukan pada waktu lampau. Tenses ini adalah bentuk Progressive dan Past Future Tense.
Auxiliary Should/Would dapat diterjemahkan dengan arti “seharusnya”.41
Rumus Verbal
41 Ibid., hlm. 554.
(+) S + Should/Would + Be + V-ing + Object (-) S + Should/Would + Not + Be + V-ing + Object (?) Should/Would + S + Be + V-ing + Object?
Contoh:
(+) Asri would be taking an examination at this time the following day. Asri akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu ini. (-) Asri would not be taking an examination at this time the following
day.
Asri akan tidak sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu ini.
(?) Would Asri be taking an examination at this time the following day? Apakah Asri akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu ini?
Rumus Nominal
Contoh:
(+) She would be happy if she got much friend. Dia akan senang jika dia punya banyak teman. (-) She would not be happy if she got much friend.
Dia tidak akan senang jika dia punya banyak teman. (?) Would she be happy if she got much friend?
Apakah dia akan senang jika dia punya banyak teman? Time Signal
(+) S + Should/Would + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (-) S + Should/Would + Not + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (?) Should/Would + S + Be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?
By this time yesterday (menjelang saat seperti ini kemarin), at four yesterday (jam empat kemarin), on Monday last week (hari Senin minggu lalu), yesterday morning (kemarin pagi).
c. Past Future Perfect Tense
Adalah bentuk waktu (tenses) yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah selesai di masa lampau (madli), atau suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi.42
Rumus Verbal
Contoh:
(+) Rahma would have graduated if she had studied hard.
Rahma seharusnya sudah tamat sekolah seandainya ia telah belajar giat.
(-) Rahma would not have graduated if she had studied hard.
Rahma seharusnya belum tamat sekolah seandainya ia telah belajar giat.
(?) Would Rahma have graduated if she had studied hard?
42
Syarwani Rahab, Op. cit., hlm. 914.
(+) S + Should/Would + Have + V-III + Object (-) S + Should/Would + Not + Have + V-III + Object (?) Should/Would + S + Have + V-III + Object?
Apakah Rahma seharusnya sudah tamat sekolah seandainya ia telah belajar giat?
Rumus Nominal
Contoh:
(+) Asri would have been teacher last month. Asri akan sudah jadi guru bulan lalu.
(-) Asri would not have been teacher last month. Asri akan sudah tidak jadi guru bulan lalu. (?) Would Asri have been teacher last month?
Apakah Asri akan sudah jadi guru bulan lalu? Time Signal
(Past Future Perfect Tense) if (Past Perfect Tense) d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Adalah bentuk waktu (tenses) yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah (madli) sedang berlangsung (hal/hadir) pada masa lampau (madli).43
43
Ibid., hlm. 916.
(+) S + Should/Would + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (-) S + Should/Would + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (?) Should/Would + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?
Rumus Verbal
Contoh:
(+) By March 2015 we should have been living here for six years. Pada bulan Maret 2015 yang lalu, kami akan telah sedang tinggal di sini selama enam tahun.
(-) By March 2015 we should not have been living here for six years.
Pada bulan Maret 2015 yang lalu, kami tidak akan telah sedang tinggal di sini selama enam tahun.
(?) Should By March 2015 we have been living here for six years? Apakah pada bulan Maret 2015 yang lalu, kami akan telah sedang tinggal di sini selama enam tahun?
Rumus Nominal
Contoh:
(+) Lia would have been here for two hours by the time when you (+) S + Should/Would + Have + Been + V-ing + Object (-) S + Should/Would + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + Object (?) Should/Would + S + Have + Been + V-ing + Object?
(+) S + Should/Would + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (-) S + Should/Would + Not + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb (?) Should/Would + S + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?
had arrived.
Lia akan telah di sini selama dua jam ketika kamu telah tiba. (-) Lia would not have been here for two hours by the time when
you had arrived.
Lia tidak akan telah di sini selama dua jam ketika kamu telah tiba.
(?) Would Lia have been here for two hours by the time when you had arrived?
Apakah Lia akan telah di sini selama dua jam ketika kamu telah tiba?
Time Signal
By last… (menjelang…yang lalu), by July last year (menjelang Juli tahun lalu), by the end of this month (menjelang akhir bukan ini).
B. Persamaan dan Perbedaan Kala (Tenses) dalam Bahasa Arab dan