Hi! Whar's ncw?

B:

Nothing much. \Uhat's ncw wich you?.

A:

I'm going ro Washington.

B:

Vashington Srarc or Washington, D.C.?

A:

D.C.

I

wanr to scc rhc capital.

Ustcn to thcsc questions and un<lcrlinc thc focus words. Thcn ask somconc clsc thc. qucs.tions. Thc ^ansu.crscan bc onc or rwo words, and rhcy should rcspond to thc {ocus rvord in thc qucstion.

1. Whcn did you arrivc hcrc?

2.

Vhcrc did you gcr your English book?

3. Vho

told you horv to gcr a visal

4.

What languages can ;iou ^spcak?

5.

Which languagc is rhe most di[6cult to lcarn]

6.

Do you think ir is hardcr to spcak or ro hcar a [orcign languagc?

Self-analysis

Rccord thc dia.loguc in

[!.

^DirJ^you^cmphasizc^thc^focus

wor&]

Did you

rJc6-nitcly zot cnrphasizc rhc old iJcas (old locus words)? Thc contrast bcrwccn cmphasis and lack of cmphasis must bc clcar.

Summary

How ro call thc listcncr's a(rcnrion ro whar you think is imponanr:

H

SENT.ENCE EMPHASIS

Basic cnrplrasis

prttcrrr

Contcnt words arc cnrphrsiz.cd.

Srrucrurc wor,Js arc gcncrally trot cruplr:rsizcd.

cxtmplc:

Vc VANT

e lxNAna.

'l-lrc Iirr.rl cortcrr( rvorJ irr

l

^srntcnccusullly hls tlrc rrrost crrrplrlsis.

cxrtntplc: Slrc rvrrrts sornc

SllOtS.

Focus

Ncw ^(ocus Arry wr.:rtl

tlrlt

givcs ncrv irrfornrrtion is thc ncrv filcrrs irt a corrycrsatiort.

cxdtttple

Vhrt

KIND of slrocs) Thc CAsurl kind.

13 . _The importance of focus

Most ^scntcnccsfollow thc basic cmphasis pattcrn.

[[

an English spcakcr changcs thc partcrn, thcrc is always'a ^,cas,.,n,Thc spcakcr wanrs thc listcncr to noticc thc unusual cmphasis.

Read thc following story, which ^{is bascd}on thc abovc principlc'

'This rrorl ir takcn lrotrt :n Atncrican ntovit, T/rc Convcrslion The Conuersation'

Scvcral ycars ago, in San Francisco, thcrc ^{was a}rich man witlr a you'ng wifc' This man

*rs iripiciors

oI his rvi(c and wantcd to know what ^shcdid dur-ins rhe dav. Hc hired ^aDrivatc dctcctivc to ^(ollow

hcr.'fhc

dctcctivc found or"t

thrt.r.ry

Friday, just at thc noon hour, ^shcmct ²young man and thcy walkcd around rnd

,iound

Union Squarc, in the downtown ^busincssscction' Thc rich ^husbandordcrcd thc dctcctivc to ^rr,akc^atape rccording of thcir con'

".rsation. This was vcry difficult, ^bccattscthcrc *crC always a lot o[ pcoplc in

thi

Squrr.

"t

^noon

"ni,

^bcsidcs,thc young ^couplc^always.kcpt walking'

ficy

n.r.r'rtood

still or sat

jo*n. _Th.

dciccti"-c d"cidcd

thrt

thcy wcrc afraid o[

bcing noticcd. Pcrhrps thcy wctc cvcn afraid of bcing rccordcd' But ^hc^was

"ifit."i..na

^had

^iood

iccording cquipmcnt, ^so^hC^wasablc to rccord thcir convcrsation [rom thc top of a building ^ncarby.

\Vhr, *.r.

thcy sayioj? Thc

taPc'ri,

so noity tlrat thc only thing thc dc' tcctivc coukl

,nd.rrrinir"r,

^thairhcy wcrc planning ^a^spccialmccting ^at

i

p.tn. on thc ncxt ^Sunday,at _{thc Jack}Tar Hotcl' This worricd him, ^bccausc

h.'kn.*" thrt

thc husbani

*"s

alr"rdy _icalous.Clcarly thc young couplc wcrc lovcrs. All 5atutday, thc dctccrivc

*oikcd

on thc tapc with his clccrronic

.quifnr.nt.

AII thc'iimc ^hcworkcd, ^{hc was}gcttirtg morc ^andmorc worricd'

\i;ih; y;;;s

wotnan in rlengcr)

whrt *o-'ld

th" husbrnd do

iI

hc found or,-rUori

it,.ii

^plans)^Thcrlct-ccti"c fclt

thrt

hc might bc rcsponsiblc [or ^a

i-g.J/.

Ur, hc Lcpt working on tltc tapc' I'irrally, ^{hc was}ablc to nlrkc ^onc

scntcrtcc clcrr. Thc ^yourrgrvtrttrall was Slyitlg,

"l(

hc _Sctstltc cltrttcc, lrc'll KILL us!"

Tlris wrs cxactly rvh;rt rltc tlctcctivc lrrd t>ccn

rfrairl

^of'^Sohc rlccidcd not to rivc thc

t"o. oi th.

corrvcrsrriorr ro 6cr ^6usbaud.Ilut Srturday night, ^thc

t"pi,rr,

,rol.n. Surcly thc httstrrrtd tnttst h;rvc

it! llrc

tlctcctivc wrs in

r

panic.

llow

crurkl hc savc hcr li[c?

A

4l

I

Thought units

On Sunday, thc dctcctivc rushcd to _{thc Jack}Tar Hotcl, wcll bcforc 2 ^p.m.

But hc was too latc. Thcrc wcrc policc irr front o( thc hotcl, and an ambu' lancc was waiting. Thc plllicc wcrc carrying ^adcad bocly out o( thc (ront doors. Thc dctcctivc ^wasstruck with horror and guilt. Thcn hc was confuscd.

Thc dcad body was not thc wi[c, but thc husband! Whrt had happcncd) Thcn thc dctcoivc saw thc young wifc standin6 ncar thc ambulancc. ^Shc had a vcry smrll smilc on hcr facc. This litrlc smilc nradc thc dctccrivc think calcfully. Hc rcalizcd that hc had complctcly misundcrstood thc wholc con' vcrsation, Bccausc hc had bccn so surc (hat thc young woman ^wasin dangcr, hc had thoughr hc hcard hcr say,

"lf

hc gcts rhc chancc, hc'll KILL ^us

!"

lf

hc had listcncd to thc tapc

with

an opcn mind, hc would havc hcard what shc rcally said;

"lf

hc gcts thc chancc,

HE'll kill

US!"

Thcy wcrc thc ^samcwords, but with a complctcly diffcrcnt mcaning. This was not ^aconvcrsation bcrwccn frightcncd lovcrs.

lt

was a plan to commit murdcr.

Thc cluc to thc murdcr plot is this: Thc basic cmphasis pattcrn \ryas not Iol'.

lowcd, Instcad of cmphasizing thc mairr vcrb, thc wi[c cmphasizcd thc pro' nouns. This unusual cmphasis mcans that thc pronouns wcrc in contrast to pronouns thar musr havc bccn discusscd carlicr in thc convcrsation.

Basic cmphrsis pattcrn Hc'll KILL ^us!

Spccial cnrphasis HE'lt

kiil

us!

Fill in thc blank:

Earlicr in thc convcrsation, thc

wi[c

nrust hxvc said somcthing likc:

"Wc'll

KILL

B

C

14 Sentence focus ^(part ²⁾

Dccidc what orr thirrk is lrnportant.

Procedure for ^these ^exercises

Rcad thc paragraph silcnrly. Thcn undcrlinc thc ^focuswords. Practicc rcading cach paragraph alortd, cnrphasizing thc focus words.

Rcmcnr6cr, pcoplc can havc dif(crcnt opinions abour thc ^focuso[ idces.

h is a lot of troublc to lcarn a ncw languagc. Whcn wc go to all that troublc, wc ccrtainly want to bc undcrstood. But undcrstanding ^is^bascdon mdrc dtan spccch. Somctinrcs misundcrstandinB comcs not from.thc wrong words, but (iom thc ,rrong srylc. ln our own coun(ryr

*c

lcarn thc srylc fo-r politcncss' But this ^polirc

irylc

^may^bcmisundcrstood in anothcr country' This ^can^causc

,n.*o..i.d

di(6cultics. Sincc you havc spcnt so much c((ori lcarning this ^ncw

t.rg;rg., it

is scnsiblc and practical to lcarn thc politcncss rulcs also' Evcn

i[

yo,irtri"nl somc o[ thc customs arc foolish, lcarning thcm ^canhclp you ro ^bc clcarly undcrstood.

ln your country, is

it

considcrcd politc to listcn quictly to othcr ^ptoplc.,wirh'.

ori .n, .hrnc.

oI cxDrcssion on

ihc

^facc)

lt

rhis is thc stylc you havc lcarncd, p"it rp" yo"

ihorld

warch two Antcricans ralkinS' Noticc how,thc ^pcrson '*tro i't

tlt,.nin" will

havc frcqucnt ^changcsoI cxprcssion' Thc listcncr ^mey

.ir. .rf..lli,fi

^{,.ma rks}

^*hili

^rhcothcr-pcrson

ii

trlking. ^Thcsclittlc rcmarks

;r;i;;;.;;J,

^likc

"Rcallvl"

or thcv ntav iust bc

:

littlc,sound' likc

"uh' hu("

".n'rn."'This

^isthc way Amctlcan iist"ncrs

sho*

thr.t tlrcy ^arclis'

i.ni"*-in t

lricnrJly wry.

Tlrrt

is'why Arncricals gct uncrsy whcn thc ^listcncr

ir'iif.i,t ,"a tf,r*!

^,,o

.ltrng"

r:f cxircssion.

l,

^thcArncrican stylc o( spcak' i"s,

," ,r,r"rirg

^facco{tc,iut."us

ihrr

thc listcncr ^isunfricndly' or pcrhaps cvcn antry.

Somctintcs pcoplc fronr rwo culrurcs rrc ttncont[orrrblc wirh crch othcr for

".rf iri"ii i.rrLnr. l{...

^is^arrcxanrplc: Atttcricrtts ^rh.inkrhat pcrrpiration.

(;;;i ;;;;i;;t

^politc.^lnlact, thcv \\'orrv ^so^ttruch.abo!t this subicct that if,.y

ti."a-i gr.r,j.rt

ôIÎtroncyôn

dcod.'rltts

^{rrrd rlry}clcening and w:sh'

lr'lill( _Upr

tK i7

PETIPI;-.;;axt,,.,

'li3,igl,.

A

B

C

Thought units

inc thcir clothcs.

lf

a lorcign studcnr ^<locsnot follow lhc samc rulc, Anrcri'

:;'";;t-;; di;,"ibcd anithink

thc lorcigncr is not nicc' Thc problcm ^can

;.;;i"il; ;;;;bl*;;.

^bccausc^AmcricJnsarc so cmbarrasscd about this

Iibiil,I;;,h.y

^{Jo n.,,}

^.".n

^likc^to

^talk

^about

^it,

^so^thcy^arc^not^likcly^lg

tcll

tlat

pcrson why thcy arc uncas)"

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Port 5

Listert

The Europern Etonomic Comrnunity (or EEQ, otherwise knovri as the Common l"{arkct, is a

Wes#;-gtilbiian icondnic

as$6i(on: _lt riliiii

^{uii bv}

^thaTniv

^of

RfiTfiie-si},iJ iiiliiriy ^S,i,t i;l or

s & m-embii

6

un ui8?

Bel!iu6,

rrcil: :

West Ccrmany, Hotland,

Ialy ind '

Luxembourg.

;" .:

^.l

'

^::

Bribin, lo6elh"r with lgland and Denrnrrk, joined the Cogunon ly{.ukt on _.

ljt

_fanuary,

l9B.

Creece joincd in 1980, thus m.r king a totrl mcmbership of ten countries. Since then Spain and Portugel hrve also applied ^(orrnembtr:hip.

mponng ormoti on

In this part you vlill hcrr sorhe short descriptio'ns: of an

organisation, a place, a ca!, pat:nimrls, rn'd a p€rsoi. you will be-rsked-to compare the informrtion that you licar wit}t similar inlormation that you r,.rd, and to underlin! the changes rhat have

ba mrde.

-E:anrple: if the voice on the casset:e snid:

' . . . cwrsisicd-ol nx.n mtmfur counlia: Bclgium, Francc, Ess!

Cama ny .

..'

and, the text that you read his:,. . . conssrcd d

;ix

.

^mcm*r

aunlia:\dgiun,

Frnrcq Wa,t Cqmqnv. . ., then

rtu

'

should underline the differences, i.e. 'glr ^,

anl

^,West,.

.

^To^h_elp^you

-

^in-this^firsttext there will br d changes to listen foc the fi-rst h./o are in the 6rst sentence . . .

.4

:..

i

/ fl

N,,,, lfv^,,\!v"^^'r^,,.,r'\^rirz\:"r^r ^lⁱ^!⁾_"^ ^,^-^,ⁱ_^^.^.^." ^r,^.^r!

s,

Co inf

1

Thc Coomon

l!{rrkct

Read the text below

it

the san:e time as you are listeiing to it being rea.d on your cass€ti€. Some chanles will bc madito the text thJt is on the cassette. When you reid any ^.,rordsor n:injz:.s thataredifferentfromthosethatyouherron.thecas5.tte,

u nderline them.

ffii*ru

trittg#?ElF

I 4

c

3 0

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5

o-I

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d

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2

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5 =

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= 5

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^.!1!17

Dalam dokumen Buku Petunjuk Latihan Listening I. (Halaman 31-40)

B:

A:

B:

A:

I

2.

3. Vho

4.

5.

6.

Self-analysis

[!.

wor&]

Summary

H

prttcrrr

Vc VANT

l

SllOtS.

tlrlt

Vhrt

13 . The importance of focus

[[

*rs iripiciors

hcr.'fhc

thrt.r.ry

,iound

thi

"t

"ni,

ficy

n.r.r'rtood

jo*n. Th.

thrt

"ifit."i..na

iood

\Vhr, *.r.

taPc'ri,

,nd.rrrinir"r,

i

h.'kn.*" thrt

*"s

*oikcd

.quifnr.nt.

\i;ih; y;;;s

whrt *o-'ld

iI

it,.ii

thrt

i-g.J/.

"l(

rfrairl

t"o. oi th.

t"pi,rr,

it! llrc

r

llow

A

4l

I

"lf

!"

lf

with

"lf

HE'll kill

lt

kiil

wi[c

"Wc'll

B

C

14

Sentence focus (part 2)

Procedure for these exercises

*c

irylc

,n.*o..i.d

t.rg;rg., it

13 . _The importance of focus

jo*n. _Th.

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