Inceptisols

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Key to Suborders

KA. Inceptisols that have one or more of the following:

1. In a layer above a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact or in a layer at a depth between 40 and 50 cm from the mineral soil surface, whichever is shallower, aquic conditions for some time in normal years (or artificial drainage) and one or more of the following:

a. A histic epipedon; or

b. A sulfuric horizon within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface; or

c. A layer directly under the epipedon, or within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, that has, on faces of peds or in the matrix if peds are absent, 50 percent or more chroma of either:

(1) 2 or less if there are redox concentrations; or (2) 1 or less; or

d. Within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, enough active ferrous iron to give a positive reaction to

alpha,alpha-dipyridyl at a time when the soil is not being irrigated; or

2. An exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 15 or more (or a sodium adsorption ratio [SAR] of 13 or more) in half or more of the soil volume within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, a decrease in ESP (or SAR) values with increasing depth below 50 cm, and ground water within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface for some time during the year.

Aquepts, p. 173 KB. Other Inceptisols that have a gelic soil temperature regime.

Gelepts, p. 185 KC. Other Inceptisols that have a cryic soil temperature regime.

Cryepts, p. 180 KD. Other Inceptisols that have an ustic soil moisture regime.

Ustepts, p. 195 KE. Other Inceptisols that have a xeric soil moisture regime.

Xerepts, p. 203

KF. Other Inceptisols.

Udepts, p. 187

Aquepts

Key to Great Groups

KAA. Aquepts that have a sulfuric horizon within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Sulfaquepts, p. 179 KAB. Other Aquepts that have, within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more horizons in which plinthite or a cemented diagnostic horizon either forms a continuous phase or constitutes one-half or more of the volume.

Petraquepts, p. 179 KAC. Other Aquepts that have either:

1. A salic horizon; or

2. In one or more horizons with a total thickness of 25 cm or more within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 15 or more (or a sodium adsorption ratio [SAR] of 13 or more) and a decrease in ESP (or SAR) values with increasing depth below 50 cm.

Halaquepts, p. 178 KAD. Other Aquepts that have a fragipan within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Fragiaquepts, p. 177 KAE. Other Aquepts that have a gelic soil temperature regime.

Gelaquepts, p. 177 KAF. Other Aquepts that have a cryic soil temperature regime.

Cryaquepts, p. 174 KAG. Other Aquepts that have, in one or more layers at least 25 cm thick (cumulative) within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface, 25 percent or more (by volume) recognizable bioturbation, such as filled animal burrows, wormholes, or casts.

Vermaquepts, p. 179

174 Keys to Soil Taxonomy

KAH. Other Aquepts that have a histic, melanic, mollic, or umbric epipedon.

Humaquepts, p. 178 KAI. Other Aquepts that have episaturation.

Epiaquepts, p. 176 KAJ. Other Aquepts.

Endoaquepts, p. 175

Cryaquepts

Key to Subgroups

KAFA. Cryaquepts that have, within 150 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A sulfuric horizon; or

2. A horizon 15 cm or more thick that has all of the characteristics of a sulfuric horizon, except that it has a pH value between 3.5 and 4.0 and does not have sulfide or other sulfur-bearing minerals; or

3. Sulfidic materials.

Sulfic Cryaquepts KAFB. Other Cryaquepts that have both a histic epipedon and a lithic contact within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Histic Lithic Cryaquepts KAFC. Other Cryaquepts that have a lithic contact within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Lithic Cryaquepts KAFD. Other Cryaquepts that have one or both of the following:

1. Cracks within 125 cm of the mineral soil surface that are 5 mm or more wide through a thickness of 30 cm or more for some time in normal years and slickensides or wedge-shaped peds in a layer 15 cm or more thick that has its upper boundary within 125 cm of the mineral soil surface; or 2. A linear extensibility of 6.0 cm or more between the mineral soil surface and either a depth of 100 cm or a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact, whichever is shallower.

Vertic Cryaquepts KAFE. Other Cryaquepts that have a histic epipedon.

Histic Cryaquepts KAFF. Other Cryaquepts that have, throughout one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A fine-earth fraction with both a bulk density of 1.0 g/cm³ or less, measured at 33 kPa water retention, and Al

plus ¹/² Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) totaling more than 1.0; or

2. More than 35 percent (by volume) particles 2.0 mm or larger in diameter, of which more than 66 percent is cinders, pumice, and pumicelike fragments; or

3. A fine-earth fraction containing 30 percent or more particles 0.02 to 2.0 mm in diameter; and

a. In the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction, 5 percent or more volcanic glass; and

b. [(Al plus ¹/² Fe, percent extracted by ammonium oxalate) times 60] plus the volcanic glass (percent) is equal to 30 or more.

Aquandic Cryaquepts KAFG. Other Cryaquepts that have all of the following:

1. A slope of less than 25 percent; and

2. A total thickness of less than 50 cm of human-transported material in the surface horizons; and 3. One or both of the following:

a. At a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface, an organic-carbon content (Holocene age) of 0.2 percent or more and no densic, lithic, or paralithic contact within that depth; or

b. An irregular decrease in organic-carbon content (Holocene age) between a depth of 25 cm and either a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface or a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact, whichever is shallower.

Fluvaquentic Cryaquepts KAFH. Other Cryaquepts that have both:

1. Chroma of 3 or more in 40 percent or more of the matrix of one or more horizons at a depth between 15 and 50 cm from the mineral soil surface; and

2. A mollic or umbric epipedon.

Aeric Humic Cryaquepts KAFI. Other Cryaquepts that have chroma of 3 or more in 40 percent or more of the matrix of one or more horizons at a depth between 15 and 50 cm from the mineral soil surface.

Aeric Cryaquepts KAFJ. Other Cryaquepts that have a mollic or umbric epipedon.

Humic Cryaquepts KAFK. Other Cryaquepts.

Typic Cryaquepts

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Endoaquepts

Key to Subgroups

KAJA. Endoaquepts that have, within 150 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A sulfuric horizon; or

3. Sulfidic materials.

Sulfic Endoaquepts KAJB. Other Endoaquepts that have a lithic contact within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Lithic Endoaquepts KAJC. Other Endoaquepts that have one or both of the following:

Vertic Endoaquepts KAJD. Other Endoaquepts that have, throughout one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A fine-earth fraction with both a bulk density of 1.0 g/cm³ or less, measured at 33 kPa water retention, and Al plus ¹/² Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) totaling more than 1.0; or

2. More than 35 percent (by volume) particles 2.0 mm or larger in diameter, of which more than 66 percent is cinders, pumice, and pumicelike fragments; or

3. A fine-earth fraction containing 30 percent or more particles 0.02 to 2.0 mm in diameter; and

a. In the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction, 5 percent or more volcanic glass; and

b. [(Al plus ¹/² Fe, percent extracted by ammonium oxalate) times 60] plus the volcanic glass (percent) is equal to 30 or more.

Aquandic Endoaquepts

KAJE. Other Endoaquepts that have all of the following:

1. A slope of less than 25 percent; and

2. A total thickness of less than 50 cm of human-transported material in the surface horizons; and

3. In one or more horizons between the A or Ap horizon and a depth of 75 cm below the mineral soil surface, one of the following colors:

a. Hue of 7.5YR or redder in 50 percent or more of the matrix; and

(1) If peds are present, either chroma of 2 or more on 50 percent or more of ped exteriors or no redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less in ped interiors;

(2) If peds are absent, chroma of 2 or more in 50 percent or more of the matrix; or

b. In 50 percent or more of the matrix, hue of 10YR or yellower; and either

(1) Both a color value, moist, and chroma of 3 or more; or

(2) Chroma of 2 or more if there are no redox concentrations; and

4. One or both of the following:

a. At a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface, an organic-carbon content (Holocene age) of 0.2 percent or more and no densic, lithic, or paralithic contact within that depth; or

Fluventic Endoaquepts KAJF. Other Endoaquepts that have all of the following:

1. A slope of less than 25 percent; and

2. A total thickness of less than 50 cm of human-transported material in the surface horizons; and 3. One or both of the following:

a. At a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface, an organic-carbon content (Holocene age) of 0.2 percent or more and no densic, lithic, or paralithic contact within that depth; or

b. An irregular decrease in organic-carbon content (Holocene age) between a depth of 25 cm and either a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface or

176 Keys to Soil Taxonomy

a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact, whichever is shallower.

Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts KAJG. Other Endoaquepts that have fragic soil properties:

1. In 30 percent or more of the volume of a layer 15 cm or more thick that has its upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface; or

2. In 60 percent or more of the volume of a layer 15 cm or more thick.

Fragic Endoaquepts KAJH. Other Endoaquepts that have, in one or more horizons between the A or Ap horizon and a depth of 75 cm below the mineral soil surface, one of the following colors:

1. Hue of 7.5YR or redder in 50 percent or more of the matrix; and

a. If peds are present, either chroma of 2 or more on 50 percent or more of ped exteriors or no redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less in ped interiors; or

b. If peds are absent, chroma of 2 or more in 50 percent or more of the matrix; or

2. In 50 percent or more of the matrix, hue of 10YR or yellower and either:

a. Both a color value, moist, and chroma of 3 or more;

b. Chroma of 2 or more if there are no redox concentrations.

Aeric Endoaquepts KAJI. Other Endoaquepts that have both:

1. A color value, moist, of 3 or less and a color value, dry, of 5 or less (crushed and smoothed sample) either throughout the upper 15 cm of the mineral soil (unmixed) or between the mineral soil surface and a depth of 15 cm after mixing; and

2. A base saturation (by NH₄OAc) of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Humic Endoaquepts KAJJ. Other Endoaquepts that have a color value, moist, of 3 or less and a color value, dry, of 5 or less (crushed and smoothed sample) either throughout the upper 15 cm of the mineral soil (unmixed) or between the mineral soil surface and a depth of 15 cm after mixing.

Mollic Endoaquepts KAJK. Other Endoaquepts.

Typic Endoaquepts

Epiaquepts

Key to Subgroups

KAIA. Epiaquepts that have one or both of the following:

Vertic Epiaquepts KAIB. Other Epiaquepts that have, throughout one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A fine-earth fraction with both a bulk density of 1.0 g/cm³ or less, measured at 33 kPa water retention, and Al plus ¹/² Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) totaling more than 1.0; or

2. More than 35 percent (by volume) particles 2.0 mm or larger in diameter, of which more than 66 percent is cinders, pumice, and pumicelike fragments; or

3. A fine-earth fraction containing 30 percent or more particles 0.02 to 2.0 mm in diameter; and

a. In the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction, 5 percent or more volcanic glass; and

b. [(Al plus ¹/² Fe, percent extracted by ammonium oxalate) times 60] plus the volcanic glass (percent) is equal to 30 or more.

Aquandic Epiaquepts KAIC. Other Epiaquepts that have all of the following:

1. A slope of less than 25 percent; and

2. A total thickness of less than 50 cm of human-transported material in the surface horizons; and 3. One or both of the following:

a. At a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface, an organic-carbon content (Holocene age) of 0.2 percent or more and no densic, lithic, or paralithic contact within that depth; or

Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts

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KAID. Other Epiaquepts that have fragic soil properties either:

1. In 30 percent or more of the volume of a layer 15 cm or more thick that has its upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface; or

2. In 60 percent or more of the volume of a layer 15 cm or more thick.

Fragic Epiaquepts KAIE. Other Epiaquepts that have, in one or more horizons between the A or Ap horizon and a depth of 75 cm below the mineral soil surface, one of the following colors:

1. Hue of 7.5YR or redder in 50 percent or more of the matrix; and

a. If peds are present, either chroma of 2 or more on 50 percent or more of ped exteriors or no redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less in ped interiors; or

b. If peds are absent, chroma of 2 or more in 50 percent or more of the matrix; or

2. In 50 percent or more of the matrix, hue of 10YR or yellower and either:

a. Both a color value, moist, and chroma of 3 or more;

b. Chroma of 2 or more if there are no redox concentrations.

Aeric Epiaquepts KAIF. Other Epiaquepts that have both:

and

2. A base saturation (by NH₄OAc) of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Humic Epiaquepts KAIG. Other Epiaquepts that have a color value, moist, of 3 or less and a color value, dry, of 5 or less (crushed and smoothed sample) either throughout the upper 15 cm of the mineral soil (unmixed) or between the mineral soil surface and a depth of 15 cm after mixing.

Mollic Epiaquepts KAIH. Other Epiaquepts.

Typic Epiaquepts

Fragiaquepts

Key to Subgroups

KADA. Fragiaquepts that have, in 50 percent or more of the matrix of one or more horizons either between the plow layer and a depth of 75 cm below the mineral soil surface or, if there is no plow layer, between depths of 15 and 75 cm, chroma of either:

1. 3 or more; or

2. 2 or more if there are no redox concentrations.

Aeric Fragiaquepts KADB. Other Fragiaquepts that have a histic, mollic, or umbric epipedon.

Humic Fragiaquepts KADC. Other Fragiaquepts.

Typic Fragiaquepts

Gelaquepts

Key to Subgroups

KAEA. Gelaquepts that have a lithic contact within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Lithic Gelaquepts KAEB. Other Gelaquepts that have a histic epipedon.

Histic Gelaquepts KAEC. Other Gelaquepts that have, throughout one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A fine-earth fraction with both a bulk density of 1.0 g/cm³or less, measured at 33 kPa water retention, and Al plus ¹/²Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) totaling more than 1.0; or

2. More than 35 percent (by volume) particles 2.0 mm or larger in diameter, of which more than 66 percent is cinders, pumice, and pumicelike fragments; or

3. A fine-earth fraction containing 30 percent or more particles 0.02 to 2.0 mm in diameter; and

a. In the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction, 5 percent or more volcanic glass; and

b. [(Al plus ¹/² Fe, percent extracted by ammonium oxalate) times 60] plus the volcanic glass (percent) is equal to 30 or more.

Aquandic Gelaquepts

178 Keys to Soil Taxonomy

KAED. Other Gelaquepts that have all of the following:

1. A slope of less than 25 percent; and

2. A total thickness of less than 50 cm of human-transported material in the surface horizons; and 3. One or both of the following:

a. At a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface, an organic-carbon content (Holocene age) of 0.2 percent or more and no densic, lithic, or paralithic contact within that depth; or

Fluvaquentic Gelaquepts KAEE. Other Gelaquepts that have a mollic or umbric epipedon.

Humic Gelaquepts KAEF. Other Gelaquepts that have gelic materials within 200 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Turbic Gelaquepts KAEG. Other Gelaquepts.

Typic Gelaquepts

Halaquepts

Key to Subgroups

KACA. Halaquepts that have one or both of the following:

Vertic Halaquepts KACB. Other Halaquepts that have, throughout one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A fine-earth fraction with both a bulk density of 1.0 g/cm³ or less, measured at 33 kPa water retention, and Al plus ¹/² Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) totaling more than 1.0; or

2. More than 35 percent (by volume) particles 2.0 mm or

larger in diameter, of which more than 66 percent is cinders, pumice, and pumicelike fragments; or

3. A fine-earth fraction containing 30 percent or more particles 0.02 to 2.0 mm in diameter; and

a. In the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction, 5 percent or more volcanic glass; and

b. [(Al plus ¹/² Fe, percent extracted by ammonium oxalate) times 60] plus the volcanic glass (percent) is equal to 30 or more.

Aquandic Halaquepts KACC. Other Halaquepts that have one or more horizons, with a combined thickness of 15 cm or more, that contain 20 percent or more (by volume) cemented soil material and are within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface or of the top of an organic layer with andic soil properties, whichever is shallower.

Duric Halaquepts KACD. Other Halaquepts that have chroma of 3 or more in 40 percent or more of the matrix of one or more horizons at a depth between 15 and 75 cm from the mineral soil surface.

Aeric Halaquepts KACE. Other Halaquepts.

Typic Halaquepts

Humaquepts

Key to Subgroups

KAHA. Humaquepts that have an n value of either:

1. More than 0.7 (and less than 8 percent clay) in one or more layers at a depth between 20 and 50 cm from the mineral soil surface; or

2. More than 0.9 in one or more layers at a depth between 50 and 100 cm.

Hydraquentic Humaquepts KAHB. Other Humaquepts that have a histic epipedon.

Histic Humaquepts KAHC. Other Humaquepts that have, throughout one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface, one or more of the following:

1. A fine-earth fraction with both a bulk density of 1.0 g/cm³ or less, measured at 33 kPa water retention, and Al plus ¹/² Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) totaling more than 1.0; or

2. More than 35 percent (by volume) particles 2.0 mm or larger in diameter, of which more than 66 percent is cinders, pumice, and pumicelike fragments; or

Dalam dokumen Keys to Soil Taxonomy (Halaman 183-200)