H O : Kedua kelompok data cenderung sama (tidak berbeda signifikan)
KESIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN SARAN A SIMPULAN
B. Implikasi, Dalil-dalil dan Saran 1 Implikas
2. Kepada Institusi PPPPTK BMT
P4TK BMTI Bandung mempunyai tugas melaksanakan Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan Bidang Mesin dan Teknik Industri, termasuk pengembangan dan pemberdayaan pendidik di SMK, khususnya pada bidang kendaraan ringan (otomotif). Berdasarkan salah satu
280
Suryana Iskandar, 2015
fungsinya P4TK BMTI, adalah menyusun program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan. Untuk itu, sangat diharapkan bahwa P4TK BMTI memiliki kepedulian yang tinggi untuk mengembangkan program pelatihan menyangkut inovasi model model pembelajaran berbasis pemecahan masalah bagi pendidik SMK yang mengampu mata pelajaran Kompetensi Kejuruan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan 3. Sekolah
Dalam rangka mendorong pendidik untuk dapat mengimplementasikan pembelajaran pemecahan masalah yang berorientasi pada pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dan keterampilan memecahkan masalah, pihak sekolah perlu memberi kesempatan kepada pendidik mata pelajaran Kompetensi Kejuruan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan, untuk mengikuti peningkatan kemampuan dan keterampilan mengajar yang tepat dalam kegiatan In House Training (IHT), baik yang diselenggarakan oleh Sekolah atau MGMPK dengan mengundang narasumber baik dari Direktorat PSMK, Perguruan Tinggi atau dari P4TK yang relevan.
4. Peneliti Selanjutnya
Untuk penelitian selanjutnya yang tertarik terhadap pengembangan model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah pada mata pelajaran Kompetensi Kejuruan Kendaraan Ringan diharapkan melakukan penelitian tentang:
a. Pengembangan keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam menganalisis argument b. Pengembangan keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam mendeduksi dan
mempertimbangkan hasil deduksi
c. Penyusunan modul atau buku siswa menggunakan pendekatan activity based agar peserta didik dapat belajar secara mandiri dan terpandu oleh modul tersebut.
281 Suryana Iskandar, 2015
A.Beauchamp, George. (1975). Curriculum Theory: Third Edition.Illinois: The Kagg Press
ACER (April 2013). Using data to enhance 21st century skill development in VET Discussion paper for the Summit on Data for Quality Improvement in VET. Melbourne: ACER
Anderson, Lorin W & David R. Krathwohl. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Angelo, TA & Cross, PK. (1995). Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handbook
for College Teachers. [On Line]. Tersedia di http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guedebk/t each tip/assess-1 (April 2015).
A. Prosser, Charles. (1950). Vocational Education. Revised Edition. Chicago USA: American Technical Society
Baedowi, Ahmad. (2013). Strategi/Pendekatan Konstruktivisme pada Pendidikan
Teknologi Kejuruan. [On Line]: Tersedia di
http://rumahilmuindonesia.net. Diakses tanggal 25 Juli 2015.
Barnes, James. G. (2003). Secret Of Costumer Relationship Management. Alih Bahasa. Andreas Winardi . Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
Beyer, B. K. (1995). Critical Thinking. Bloomington: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation
Black, P. Harisson, S & Marshall, B. (2004). Working Inside The Black Box: Assessment For Learning In The Classroom. [On Line]: Tersedia di http://web.uvic.ca/gtreloar/Assessment/Periodical%20Items/Working %2 Diakses Tanggal 12 September 2014.
Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objective: The Classification of Educational Goal. Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain. New York: McKay
British Columbia Institute of Technology. (2010). Preparing Lesson Plan. Canada: Burnaby [online].tersedia http://www.bcit.caa/itc [2 Januari 2015] Broadbear, J.T. (2003). Essential Elements Of Lesson Designed To Promote Critical
Thinking. Journal Of Schoolarship Of Teaching and Learning (JoSoTL)3 (3): 1 - 8
Butler, F. Coit. (1972). Instructional Systems Development for Vocational and Technical Training. New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications Englewood Cliffs.
Suryana Iskandar, 2015
Bybee, W. Rodger. (2006). The BSCS 5E Instructional Model: Origins and Effectiveness. Colorado : Mark Dabling Boulevard.
Chance, P. (1986). Thinking in the classroom: A survey of programs. New York: Teachers College.
Caffee. John. (2012). Thinking Critically. Boston: Wadsworth 20 Channel Center Street
Crunkilton, J. R.(1992) "SCANS Report and Problem Solving: A Natural Alliance." Agricultural Education Magazine 65, no. 5 [online].tersedia
http://www.calpro-online.org/eric/docgen.asp
Cottrell, Stella. (2005). Critical Thinking Skills: Developing Effective Analysis And Argument. New York: Palgrave McMillan
Cristensen Tanner. (2014). Reflection is the Most Importance Part of the Learning Process. A solid team is built on solid maniferto. [online].tersedia: http://www.99.com [20 Mei 2015]
Dahar, R.W. (1989). Teori-teori Belajar. Jakarta: Erlangga
Dave's, R.H. (1970). Psychomotor Domain ('Developing and Writing Behavioral Objectives.[online].tersedia:http://www.olemis.edu/dept/educ_schoo2/ doccs/stai_manual/manual10.htm [12 Mei 2013]
Diane F. Halpern, (2003). Teaching Critical Thinking in Psychology: A Handbook of Best Practice. Claremont McKenna College : Wiley Blackwell Publishing
Dick, dan W. Carey, L. (1990). The Systematic Design of Instruction 3rd Edition. USA: Harper Collins Publisher
Dick dan Walter Carey. 2005. The Systematic Design of Instruction. USA : Scott Foresman and Company.
Djohar, As’ari. (2003). Pengembangan Model Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi SMK. Disertasi pada FPS UPI Bandung. Tidak diterbitkan.
Duncan, Gregory. Met Myriam. (2010). Lesson Plan. University of Maryland.[online].tersedia:http://www.startalk.umd.edu/lesson_planni ng [ 10 Oktober 2014]
E. Bell Gredler, Margaret. (1986). Learning And Instruction : Theory Into Practice. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
E. Blank, William. (1982). Handbook For Developing Competency Based Training Programs. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs.
Emery J. Hyslop-Margison and Joseph Armstrong. (2004). Critical Thinking in Career Education: The Democratic Importance of Foundational Rationality. Journal of Career and Technical Education, Vol. 21, No. 1, Fall, 2004. Columbia: Published Fall/Spring
Suryana Iskandar, 2015
Facione, P. A. (2007). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction. Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press.
Fisher, Alec. (2001). Critical Thinking :An Introduction. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
F. Oliva, Peter. (1992). Developing The Curriculum: Third Edition.USA: Harper Collins Publishers.
Gage, N.L. (2009). A Conception of Teaching. New York : Springer
Garafalo, J & Lester. F (1985). Metacognition, Cognitive Monitoring, And Mathematical Performance. Journal For Research Mathematics Education. 16 (3), 163 – 76.
H. Ennis, Robert. (1996). Critical Thinking. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
H.Jonassen, David. (2011). Designing Problem Solving Learning Environment. New York: First published by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue
H.Jonassen, David. (2004). Learning To Solve Problems : An Intructional Design Guide. USA: Pfeifer An Imprint Of Wiley.
Hanbury, L. (1996). Constructivism: So what. Melbourne: The Mathematical Association of Victoria.
Horsely, S.L. (1990). Elementary SchoolScience For the 90s.Virginia: Association Supervision and Curriculum Depeleoment.
Hudoyo, H. (1998). Strategi Pembelajaran Matematika. Malang: IKIP Malang Ibrahim, Sukmadinata. (2010). Perencanaan Pengajaran. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta Idris, Zahra. (1992). Pengantar Pendidikan. Jakarta : PT Grasindo
Iskandar. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press. I Wayan Ratnata. ( 1995). Thesis : Kemampuan Berpikir Logis Siswa STM dalam
Pemahaman Konsep-Konsep Listrik Magnet. Bandung: Program Pascasarjana IKIP Bandung
Joice.Bruce, Weil.Marsha.(2003). Model of Teaching. New Delhi : Pentice hall of India private limited.
J.Michael,Dunkin and J.Bruce, Biddle. (1974). The Study Of Teaching. USA: Rinehart and Winston,Inc.
Jordan, Anne et.all. (2008). Approaches to Learning: A Guide for Teachers. New York: Open University Press McGraw-Hill Education.
Kirkley, Jamie. (2003). Principles For Teaching Problem Solving. Indiana: Plato Learning, Inc.
Suryana Iskandar, 2015
Kuswana, Wowo Sunaryo. (2012). Taksonomi Kognitif. Bandung : Rosda Karya Kuswana, Wowo Sunaryo. (2013). Taksonomi Berfikir. Bandung : Rosda Karya Lalik, B. (1997). Perubahan Konsepsi Siswa pada Pembelajaran Topik Pernafasan
di SD.Tesis PPS IKIP Bandung. Tidak diterbitkan
Lisa Guildentop & Mark Snyder. (2008). Teaching Critical Thinking and Problem
Solving Skill. Journal [on line]. Tersedia:
http://www.reform.fen.uchile/paper/teaching. Love School of Business at Elon University in Elon Nont Carolina.
Masters, G. N. (2013) Reforming Educational Assessment: Imperatives, principles and challenges Australian education review; no. 57. ACER, Camberwell
Mc. Ashan, H.H. (1979). Competency-Based Education and Behavioral Objective. USA: University of North Florida Educational Technology Publication.
Mc. Phee S.J, Ganong WF. (2002). Pathophysiology Of Desease An Introduction to Clinical Medicine. 5 th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
M. Diamond, Robert. (1989). Designing And Improving Courses And Curricula In Higher Education. San Fracisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
M. Gagne, Robert. (1985). The Condition Of Learning And Theory Of Instruction. Fourth Edition. USA : CBS College Publishing.
M. Gagne, Robert., and M. Driscoll. (1994). Essentials of learning for Instruction, 2nd Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
M. Gagne, Robert, Leslie J. Briggs & Walter W. Wager. (1992). Principles Of Instructional Design. USA : Harcourt Brace Jovanoich Publishers. Miarso, Yusuf, Hadi. (2010). Ringkasan Eksekutif Pemetaan Pendidikan Kejuruan.
[On Line]. Tersedia: http://yusufhadi.net/ pemetaan-pendidikan- kejuruan. Diakses pada tanggal 15 Juni 2013
Mimbs A. Cheryl (2005). Teaching From The Critical Thinking, Problem-Based Curricular Approach: Strategies, Challenges, And Recommendations. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education, Vol. 23, No. 2, Fall/Winter, 2005. Missouri State University.
Mustapha, B. Ramlee and Greenan, P. James. (2002). The Role of Vocational Education in Economic Development in Malaysia. [On Line]. Tersedia : http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournal/JITE/v39n2/mustapha.html Diakses pada tanggal 15 Juni 2013
Myers, I. Briggs, & Briggs, K. (1984). Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists Press. Nuray Alagözlü (2004). Some Discourse-Based Suggestions That Boost Critical Thinking Skills In Elt Classes. [On Line]. Tersedia :
Suryana Iskandar, 2015
http://okra.deltaste.edu/bhayes/socratic.html Diakses pada 15 Juni 2013
Ollington. F Gerald. (2008). Teachers and Teaching Strategies: innovations and problem solving : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
R, Audu., 1Yusri Bin Kamin, 1Muhammad Sukri Bin Saud. (2013). Acquisition of Employability Skills in Technical Vocational Education: Necessity for the 21st Century Workforce. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(6): 9-14, 2013. ISSN 1991-8178
R. Finch, Curtis & John R. Crunkilton. (1979). Curriculum Development In Vocational And Technical Education. USA: Allyn And Bacon, Inc. PPPGTeknologi Bandung. (1986). Metodologi Pengajaran Teknik 3. Bandung : Seksi
Didaktik Metodik, Bidang Bina Program PPPGT Bandung.
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 19 Tahun 2005 Jo PP. No 32 Tahun 2013 Lo PP No. 13 Tahun 2015 Tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan
Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional No 22 Tahun 2006 Tentang Standar Isi
Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional No 23 Tahun 2006 Tentang Standar Kompetensi Lulusan
Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional No 41 Tahun 2007 Tentang Standar Proses. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No 65 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar
Proses
Peraturan Dirjen Pembinaan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah No.28 Tahun 2009 Tentang Spektrum Pendidikan Kejuruan
Pritchard, Alan & John Woollard. (2010). Psychology for Classroom Constructism and Social Learning. London: Routledge.
P. Steffe, Leslie and Patrick W. Thompson. (2000). Radical Constructivism in Action Building on the Pioneering Work of Ernst von Glasersfeld. Studies in Mathematics Education Series: 15.London: Routledge Falmer 11 New Fetter Lane.
Puspendik. (2010). Laporan Hasil Ujian Utama Ujian Nasional SMA/MA, SMK dan SMP Tahun Pelajaran 2010. Jakarta: Puspendik Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia.
Richard Dune & E,C Wragg. (2003). Effective Teaching. New York :Routledge Taylor & Francis, an Informa Company.
Rudinow, Joel & Vincent E. Barry. (2008). Invitation To Critical Thinking : Sixth Edition. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Suryana Iskandar, 2015
Ruggiero, Vincent Ryan. (1988). Teaching Thinking Across The Curriculum. USA : Harper & Row Publishers, Inc.
Sandra Kerka. (1998). Competency-Based Education and Training Myths and Realities. [On line]. Tersedia: http://www.calpro- online.org/eric/textonly/docgen.asp?tbl=mr&ID=65. Diunduh tanggal 3 september 2014.
Schab, Klaus. (2010). The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011. Switzerland, Geneva : World Economic Forum.
Siegel, Sidney. (1992). Statistik Non Parametrik Untuk Ilmu-ilmu Sosial. Jakarta: Penerbit PT. Gramedia
Sprinthall, Richard C & Norman A. Sprinthall. (1974). Educational Psychology: A Developmental Approach. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Inc.
Stasz. Cathleen, MacAthur. David, Lewis Matthew. (1995). Teaching and Learning Generic Skill for Workplace. California: National Centre for Research in Vocational Education, University of California, Berkeley.
Stepien, W.J., and Gallagher, S. A. (1993). Problem-based Learning: As Authentic as It Gets. Educational Leadership.50, no.7 [ On Line]. Tersedia: http://www.123 helpme.com/view.asp. [20 Mei 2015].
Steve Whiddett & Sarah Hollyforde. (1999). The Competencies Handbook. United Kingdom: Institute Personnel and Development
Strom.George.(1979). Managing the Occupational Education Laboratory. Michigan:Ann arbor,Prakken Publication,Inc.
Sukmadinata, Nana Syaodih.(2007). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Kerjasama Program Pascasarjana UPI dengn PT Remaja Rosdakarya Tasker, R. (1992). Effective Teaching:What can a constructist view of learning offer.
In The Australian Science Teachers. Journal. 38 (1): 25-34
Trianto. (2007). Model-model Pembelajaran Inovatif Berorientasi Konstruktivistik. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka.
Tyler, Ralph W. (1975). Basic Prinsiples of Curriculumand Instruction. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Tyler, Ralph. (1996). Children Contruction of Explanation in Science. Victoria: Deakin University
Umar Tirtarahardja dan La Sula. (2000). Pengantar Pendidikan. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional bekerja sama dengan Penerbit Rineka Cipta.
Suryana Iskandar, 2015
Van Zolingen, S.J. (2002). The Role Key Qualification in The Transition From Vocational Education to Work. Journal Of Vocation Research, Vol. 2, 2, 4
Walter. (1993). The vocational educations. Penelitian. Diunduh pada tanggal 16
Agustus 2011, dari http://www.krannert.
purdue.edu/konline/fall2009/krannertData/chair.asp
W.Burke, John. (1995). Competency Based Education and Training, London: The Falmer Press
Wheatley, G.H. (1991). Constructivist Perspective on Scienceand Mathematics Learning. Science Education Journal. 75 (1), 9 -21.
Widjaja, Sri Umi, Mintarti. (2009). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran pada Mata PelajaranAkuntansi di SMK Dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual Dan Strategi Problem Based Learning. Disertasi: Universitas Negeri Malang Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi. Tidak diterbitkan.
Wijaya Ariadi. (2009). Learning Cycle Model. Regional Center of Qitep in Matematics. [on line]. Tersedia: http://www.staff.uny.ac.id/sites. Diunduh tanggal 07 Juni 2015
William, John & Anthony Williams. (1996). Technology Education for Teachers. Australia: McMillan Education Australia PTY LTD.
Wina Sanjaya. (2009). Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran: Teori dan Praktik Pengembangan KTSP. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.
Yager J, Bienenfeld D. (2003). How competent are we to assess psychotherapeutic competence in psychiatric residents? Acad Psych 2003; 27:174–181 Yamamoto, Junko. L, Yosep C. Kusin, Ron Lombard & C. Jay Hartzog. (2010).
Technology Implementation An Teacher Education : Reflective Models. USA : Information Science Reference.
Zuga, K. (1994). Implementing technology education: A review and synthesis of the literature. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education.