• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

1. Angka kejadian kasus LBP mencakup 3,2% dari seluruh kasus yang ditangani poliklinik orthopaedi di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta dalam periode Januari 2012

– Desember 2013.

2. Jenis kelamin terbanyak dari pasien LBP yang ditangani poliklinik orthopaedi di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta dalam periode Januari 2012 – Desember 2013 adalah wanita, mencakup 58,1% dari total pasien.

3. Kelompok usia terbanyak dari pasien LBP yang ditangani poliklinik orthopaedi di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta dalam periode Januari 2012 –

Desember 2013 adalah >64 tahun, mencakup 34,9% total pasien.

4. Kelompok IMT terbanyak dari pasien LBP yang ditangani poliklinik orthopaedi di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta dalam periode Januari 2012 –

Desember 2013 adalah obesitas I, mencakup 34,9% total pasien.

5. Kelompok tingkat pendidikan terbanyak dari pasien LBP yang ditangani poliklinik orthopaedi di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta dalam periode Januari 2012

36

5.1.Saran

1. Untuk penelitian berikutnya sebaiknya jumlah sampel yang dipakai lebih besar. Dengan menggunakan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar, tidak hanya terbuka kemungkinan untuk melihat profil pasien secara lebih akurat, namun bentuk penelitian dapat diteruskan menjadi case control agar dapat melihat hubungan kausatif antara variabel dependen dan independen.

2. Mempertimbangkan sulitnya mengakses dan membaca rekam medis, sekiranya memungkinkan, dalam melakukan penelitian yang serupa sebaiknya penggunaan data primer lebih diprioritaskan.

3. Meski sudah terdapat criteria International Classification of Disease untuk LBP non pesifik, sebaiknya penelitian selanjutnya difokuskan LBP spesifik agar hasil penelitian lebih bermakna.

37

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Fishman SM, Young HM, Lucas AE, Chou R., Herr K, Murinson BB, Strassels S. Core competencies for pain management: results of an interprofessional consensus summit. Pain Medicine 2013; 14(7): 971–81 2. Dorland. 2011. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 32nd Edition.

Saunders. p.1363

3. Williams K, Frei A, Vetsch A, Dobbels F, Puhan M, & Rüdell K. Patient-reported physical activity questionnaires: a systematic review of content and format. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2012; 10(1): 28

4. Stephen B, Xiaoxia L, John WB, Melissa C, & Robert NJ. Associations between daily chronic pain intensity, daily anger expression, and trait anger expressiveness: An ecological momentary assessment study. Pain. 2012 December; 153(12): 2352–2358.

5. John EH. 2010. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th Edition. Saunders Elsevier

6. Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2003; 81: 646–656.

7. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, et al. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J 2006; 15 (suppl 2): S192–300.

8. Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. The Spine Journal. Jan 2008; 8(1): 8-20.

9. Salter RB. 1984. Textbook of disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. 2nd Edition. Williams & Wilkins. p.280

10.Balagué F, Mannion AF, Pellisé F, Cedraschi C. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet 2012; 379(9814): 482–91

11.Walker J. Back pain: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Nursing Standard 2012; 27(14): 49-56

38

12.Anthony D, Steven ZG, Linda VD, Julie MW, Gwendolyn S, Paul S, Thomas RD, Joseph JG. Low Back Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42(4): A1-A57

13.Tortora GJ & Derrickson B. 2009. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 12th Edition. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc

14.Buckwalter JA, Mow VC, Boden SD, Eyre DR, Weidenbaum M. In: Buckwalter JA, Einhorn TA, Simon SR, editors. Orthopaedic Basic Science. 2nd Edition. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon; 2000. p.547-566

15.Richard LD, Wayne V, Adam WM, Richard T, Paul R. 2007. Gray's Atlas of Anatomy. 1st Edition. Churchill Livingstone

16.Peh, W. Image-guided facet joint injection. Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal 2011; 7:e4.

17.Djais N, Kalim H. Profile of patients with lower back pain in Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology 2002; 5(1): 11-16

18.Anderson GBJ, Fine LJ, Silverstein BA. Musculoskeletal disorders. In: Levy BS, Wegman DH, editors. Occupational Health: Recognizing and Preventing Work Related Injury. 4th edition. Lippincot Williams & Williams; 2000. p.503-35

19.Kent P, Keating JL, Leboeuf YC. Research methods for subgrouping low back pain. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2010; 10:62

20.Ehrlich GE. Low back pain. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2003; 81(9):671–6.

21.Speed C. ABC of rheumatology: Low back pain. BMJ 2004; 329: 1119-21 22.Klineberg E, Mazanec D, Orr D, Demicco R, Bell G, McLain R.

Masquerade: medical causes of back pain. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2007;74:905–913

23.Guo HR. Working hours spent on repeated activities and prevalence of back pain. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002; 59(10): 680–

39

24.Griffith LE, Shannon HS, Wells RP, Walter SD, Cole DC, Côté P, Langlois LE. Individual participant data meta-analysis of mechanical workplace risk factors and low back pain. American Journal of Public Health 2012, 102(2): 309–318

25.Battie MC, Videman T, Levalahti E, Gill K, Kaprio J. Heritability of low back pain and the role of disc degeneration. Pain 2007; 131: 272–80. 26.Strong, J, Xie W, Bataille FJ, Zhang JM. Preclinical studies of low back

pain. Molecular Pain 2013; 9: 17.

27.Kawasaki Y, Zhang L, Cheng, J.K, et al. Cytokine Mechanisms of Central Sensitization: Distinct and Overlapping Role of 1, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Regulating Synaptic and Neuronal Activity in the Superficial Spinal Cord. J. Neurosci 2008; 28(20): 5189–

5194

28.van Tulder M, Becker A, Bekkering T, et al. Chapter 3. European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J 2006; 15: S169–91.

29.Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R. The Epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Dec;24(6):769-81

30.Ozguler A, Leclerc A, Landre MF, Pietri-Taleb F, Niedhammer I. Individual and occupational determinants of low back pain according to various definitions of low back pain. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54: 215–20.

31.Maniadakis N, Alastair G. The economic burden of back pain in the UK. Pain. 2000;84(1):95-103

32.Hoy D, Bain C, Williams G, March L, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R. A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2012;64(6):2028–37.

33.National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2012: With Special Feature on Emergency Care. Hyattsville, MD. 2013.

34.Horváth G, Koroknai G, Acs B, Than P, Illés T. Prevalence of low back pain and lumbar spine degenerative disorders. Questionnaire survey and

40

clinical-radiological analysis of a representative Hungarian population. International Orthopaedics 2010;34(8):1245–9.

35.Jordan KP, Kadam UT, Hayward R, Porcheret M, Young C, Croft P. Annual consultation prevalence of regional musculoskeletal problems in primary care: an observational study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11: 144.

36.Pellise F, Balague F, Rajmil L, et al. Prevalence of low back pain and its effect on health-related quality of life in adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009; 163: 65–71.

37.Fabris de Souza, SA, Faintuch J, Valezi AC, Sant’Anna AF, Gama -Rodrigues JJ, de Batista Fonseca IC, de Melo RD. Postural changes in morbidly obese patients. Obesity Surgery 2005; 15:1013–1016.

38.Vismara L, Menegoni F, Zaina F, Galli M, Negrini S, Capodaglio P. Effect of obesity and low back pain on spinal mobility: a cross sectional study in women. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation 2010; 7:3

39.Sitthipornvorakul E, Janwantanakul P, Purepong N, Pensri P, van der Beek AJ. The association between physical activity and neck and low back pain: a systematic review. European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2011; 20(5): 677–89

40.Bener A, El-Rufaie OF, Siyam A, Abuzeid MSO, Toth F, Lovasz G. Epidemiology of low back pain in the United Arab Emirates. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology 2004; 7(3):189-195

41.Bopp M. Mortality by education in German speaking Switzerland, 1990-1997: results from the Swiss National Cohort. International Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 32:346–354.

42.Power C, Frank J, Hertzman C, Schierhout G, Li L. Predictors of low back pain onset in a prospective British study. Am J Public Health 2001; 91(10): 1671–1678

41

43.Joseph WD, Thomas HB, Emily LZ, Mary MM. Pain, Nicotine, and Smoking: Research Findings and Mechanistic Considerations. Psychol Bull 2011l 137(6): 1065-1093

44.Dionne CE, Korff MV, Koepsell TD, Deyo RA, Barlow WE, Checkoway H. Formal education and back pain: a review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2001; 55(7): 455-468

45.Mathew DG, Robyn LB, & Ming C. Depressive symptoms and bodily pain: The role of physical disability and social stress. Stress Health. 2011 February; 27(1): 52–53

46.Harkness EF, Macfarlane GJ, Nahit ES, Silman J, McBeth J. Risk factors for new-onset low back pain amongst cohorts of newly employed workers. Rheumatology 2003; 42(8): 959–68.

47.Leclerc A, Gourmelen J, Chastang JF, Plouvier S, Niedhammer I, Lanoë JL. Level of education and back pain in France: the role of demographic, lifestyle and physical work factors. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2009; 82(5): 643–52.

48.WHO expert consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. The Lancet 2004; 157-163.

49.Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. 1993. Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. John Wiley & Sons

50.Roger BF, Christopher DK, Margarete C, Bridgett RW, Joseph LR. Sex, Gender, and Pain: A Review of Recent Clinical and Experimental Findings. J Pain 2009; 10(5): 447-485

51.Channing JP, Claudia MC, Robert RE, Adrian SD. Sex-Based Differences in Pain Perception and Treatment. Pain Med. 2009; 10(2): 289-299

52.Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional. Profil Pengendalian Kuantitas Pendudukan Jawa Timur. 2013. Surabaya: Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional

53.Samartzis D, Karppinen J, Cheung JPY, Lotz J. Disk degeneration and low back pain: are they fat-related conditions? Global Spine Journal 2013; 3(3): 133–44

42

54.Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan di DKI Jakarta Agustus 2013. Berita Resmi Statistik No. 53/11/31/Th. XV.

43

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Etik Penelitian

45

Lampiran 3 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP

Nama : Rasyad Wicaksono

Jenis Kelamin : Laki-laki

Tempat Tanggal Lahir : Jakarta, 3 Juni 1992

Agama : Islam

Alamat : Jl. Banjarsari II No. 3 RT 08 RW 08

Cilandak Barat, Jakarta Selatan, 12430 Nomor Telepon/HP : +62 888 0990 7581

Email : rasyadmd@gmail.com

Riwayat Pendidikan

1. SD Islam Al-Ikhlas Cipete (1998 – 2004)

2. SMP Labschool Kebayoran (2004 – 2007)

3. SMA Labschool Kebayoran (2007 – 2010)

4. Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Dokumen terkait