Kesimpulan
Kawasan I dan II mendukung beragam sublittoral habitat, termasuk terumbu karang, padang lamun, hutan bakau, pantai berpasir dan pantai berbatu. Beberapa habitat dikawasan ini tetap dalam kondisi baik, yang mendukung tingkat keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dan memberikan rezeki yang berharga kepada masyarakat setempat dan pendapatan melalui perikanan dan pariwisata. Namun, habitat ini berada di bawah tekanan yang tinggi dan meningkatnya kerusakan ini disebabkan dari berbagai dampak alam dan manusia, terutama penangkapan ikan yang merusak, predasi oleh mahkota Acanthaster planci, kecerobohan lego jangkar kapal, run-off sungai dan sumber polusi. Beberapa wilayah DPL yang telah terbentuk mendukung penduduk desa setempat menggantungkan sebahagian besar pada perikanan dan atau budidaya perairan untuk kehidupan mereka, dengan efek besar pada stock ikan dari eksploitasi berlebihan, dan habitat dari ledakan dan racun sianida. Meningkatnya pariwisata, sebagian besar perkembangan resort pulau besar sedang berlangsung atau dalam perencanaan, menimbulkan ancaman baik melalui perusakan habitat dan polusi, dan kesempatan termasuk pendapatan tambahan bagi penduduk setempat dan 'iuran' pariwisata untuk membiayai inisiatif-inisiatif manajemen yang sangat dibutuhkan. Saat ini, habitat pesisir dan laut dari kawasan I berada pada titik kritis, seperti eksploitasi berlebihan terus akan menyebabkan hilangnya sebagian daerah kualitas tutupan karang hidup yang tinggi dalam waktu singkat. Informasi menunjukkan bahwa beberapa daerah telah menurun secara signifikan sejak tahun 2004 ketika penilaian awal dan rekomendasi untuk pembentukan sebuah DPL terutama stasiun 1,5 dan 10.
Ancaman dan dampak berkisar dari lokal, regional dan global, dan mereka akan memerlukan perbaikan manajemen khusus yang ditujukan untuk memulihkan integritas ekologi terumbu karang di kawasan I dan II. Hal ini harus difokuskan pada awalnya 'kemampuan pengelolaan' dampak lokal, untuk mengembangkan perlawanan dan ketahanan regional yang lebih besar - dampak global di luar kendali manajemen lokal (misalnya coral bleaching - perubahan iklim). DPL yang telah terbentuk di kawasan I dan II telah mengambil
langkah-langkah penting menuju tujuan ini, melalui penunjukan 'larangan mengambil' di Zona inti dengan peraturan yang terkait, dan melalui berbagai kegiatan seperti instalasi permanen untuk tambatan perahu, program kontrol Acanthaster planci yang harus terlaksana. Penilaian sekarang mendukung pemilihan awal Zona perlindungan, sementara juga menyoroti perlindungan habitat kunci lainnya yang mungkin dipertimbangkan untuk masa depan yang lebih baik sebagai Zona inti atau melalui langkah-langkah manajemen lainnya.
Pelaksanaan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan zonasi di masa depan dapat mengurangi dampak dan memfasilitasi pembangunan berkelanjutan secara ekologis, asalkan kerja sama tingkat tinggi dan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan merupakan kontribusi oleh penduduk setempat dan nelayan, dibina melalui pendidikan dan program-program kesadaran dan dilaksanakan melalui pengawasan yang efektif. Tingkat yang lebih tinggi diperlukan kerjasama antara instansi pemerintah dan organisasi non-pemerintah dalam pengembangan pesisir dan pedalaman terpadu pengelolaan Sungai Kawal dan Galang Batang, mengiidentifikasi sebagian besar dampak pada DPL. Pengelolaan pesisir terpadu yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan di wilayah ini, dan pendekatan yang sama dapat dipertimbangkan untuk kawasan I ketika kesempatan, dana dan logistik untuk di setujui pada tingkat eksekutif dan legeslatif.
Saran
1. Program pengelolaan kawasan terumbu karang di kawasan I dan II seperti program COREMAP II yang sedang berjalan memberikan peranan besar terhadap perlindungan keanekaragaman sumber daya terumbu karang, namun di dalam monitoring dan evaluasi di lokasi DPL terdapat kelemahan dalam implementasi di lapangan terutama pengawasan terhadap sumber kerusakan terumbu karang. Untuk itu perlu peningkatan SDM setempat.
2. Melindungi spesies kunci yang berpengaruh terhadap parameter kerentanan terumbu karang dalam bentuk Perda.
3. Perlunya melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang siklus reproduksi Acanthaster planci terutama tingkat kematangan gonad betina di kawasan II yang sangat berpengaruh untuk menekan dan mengatur perkembangan reproduksi agar tidak terjadi ledakan (blooming) populasi ini.
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