CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.4 Online Learning Mode
2.4.2 Kinds of Platforms in Online Learning during Pandemic
During the Corona outbreaks, the government requires everyone to limit all direct interaction activities in social and educational aspects. This, of course, has an impact on the world of education. Traditional educational methods which usually take face-to-face, have turned to online learning.
This online learning requires multiple digital platforms as the learning media.
The digital platform is a program that can support online learning success. Online learning can use several platforms to implement online learning, including Google Classroom, Edmodo, Learning House, Teacher Room, Your School, Smart Class, Zenius, Google Suite for Education, Microsoft Office 365 for Education (Mirzon Daheri, Juliana, Deriwanto, 2020). In addition to these platforms, learners can use other digital media during learning, including Whatsapp Group (WAG), Google Classroom
(GC), Edmodo, and Zoom (Rachmawati et al., 2020). However, here are some of the most used platforms during Covid-19.
1. WhatsApp
According to Nuri Astuti et al. (2020), WhatsApp is one of the most influential and widely used social media by people in Indonesia.
Indonesian teenagers in the digital era are now using gadgets in their daily activities both at school and outside of school. In the pandemic era, WhatsApp provides the media for conducting online communication.
WhatsApp can send text messages, voice and video messages, pictures, videos, material learning documents, group discussion and more. These features on WhatsApp make it a good online learning facility platform.
2. Zoom meeting
According to Pratiwi et al. (2019), Zoom cloud meeting is a proper alternative application for a virtual meeting to facilitate communication with many people without making direct contact and support learning needs in today's digital era. This application is used for video conferences instead of direct meetings in the classroom. Zoom meetings can be installed with computers, laptops, android and smartphone devices. So students who do not have a computer can use their smartphone to take part in a virtual class. Meanwhile, there is a preference in choosing the device to conduct zoom meetings. According to Stritto and Linder (2018), the
LMS, viewing, and learning. Furthermore, Syafrani (2022) stated that laptop gives less possibility to reduce students‟ focus than smartphone during learning since it has fewer notifications. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that Zoom meeting application is beneficial for communicating remotely.
According to Supangat (2021), Zoom meeting has several advantages and disadvantages as a method of online learning, those are:
Advantages of Zoom Meeting Disadvantages of Zoom Meeting Large learning space capacity Its use consumes lot of internet quota
Various features Not bound by many languages,
especially Indonesian
Privacy is guaranteed safe Very vulnerable to data leaks Sound and video quality is good Limited internet access There is support for screen sharing and
presentations
Less direct interaction with teachers or peers student
Easily accessible Lack of understanding of a material More affordable cost Lack of supervision in learning Flexible study time
Broader insight
Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of Zoom Meeting The Zoom application also has several functions in its use as a distance learning media:
a. Side by side
This feature is found on the Zoom screen display while the meeting is in progress, as a separator between the main screen and the student screen in the learning process. The position could be changed when the students activated the microphone.
b. Sharing white board
This feature is used as a way of sharing the host‟s screen. The host‟s screen will be displayed to the others participant in the Zoom Meeting. Usually, this feature is used for presentation and explanation.
Zoom facilitates discussions between lecturers and students through direct communication through video conferences. Zoom Meeting is supported features such as raising hand and group messages. If audio problems occur, the students are helped with the available chat features.
Zoom cloud meetings can assist students access material and communicating during the learning process in tough settings such as those caused by the current pandemic.
Using Zoom Meeting platforms requires a stable internet connection to get a better experience in online learning mode. According to Laili (2020), “An unstable internet connection causes intermittent voice when the lecturer explains the material so that the points of a lesson cannot be conveyed perfectly to students”, (p.240). In addition, Roy et al. (2020)
students to participate in online discussions. This is in line with the statement from Aini, et al. (2021), internet connection is one of the major obstacles that students‟ faced in learning English by using Zoom Meeting platform. So it will be hard for students who live in an area that has an unstable network to join the meeting smoothly.
Signal problems could hinder the learning process, based on Laili (2020), “Some students said when learning process often suddenly come out of the zoom meeting room, sometimes the speaker's voice was not clear and it was lost depending on the strength of the signal” (p.241).
Connection problems tend to be the main obstacle of students‟
participation during the virtual meeting. This also in accordance with Clarin and Baluyos (2022) state that, students tend to ignore the teacher and turn off the camera because of the internet connection problems.
3. Google meet
Google meet is very helpful, especially in these conditions where we must keep our distance to avoid the Covid-19 virus. This application benefits students, educators, or workers who work from home because we can quickly join via live video or video conferences even though we are in our respective homes. The interface provided by Google Meet allows users to meet face to face are, not only directly and effectively, but it is also very light and fast. The system and management of this platform are not complex and can be followed by many participants
Furthermore, Google Meet is a safe application because Google has stated that they have made and operated all of their products on a secure foundation. So they believe the data of their product users will exist and remain private. In their Google Meet product, Google also provides built-in protection by default to keep users' meetbuilt-ings safe. Because of the various advantages of Google Meet as a video conferencing application, many people in the business and education areas choose to use this application. Users find it easy to use Google Meet, creating a positive perception of this platform.