The Role of Professional Organizations
Role theory defines the "role‛ as "the boundaries and sets of expectations applied to the role incumbents of a particular position, which is determined by the role of incumbent and the role within and beyond the organization's boundaries" (Banton, 1965; Katz & Kahn, 1966, in Bauer, 2003: 54). In addition, Robbins (2001: 227) defines roles as "a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit". This theory was chosen as the main theory in this study.
According to Dougherty & Pritchard (1985) in Bauer (2003: 55), this role theory provides a conceptual framework in the study of behaviour in organizations. They state that the role
"involves a pattern of product creation as opposed to behavior or action" (p. 143). Furthermore, Dougherty & Pritchard (1985) in Bauer (2003: 56) suggested that the relevance of a role would depend on the emphasis of the role by the assessors and observers (usually supervisors and principals) on the product or outcome produced. In this case, the strategy and organizational
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structure also proved to influence the role and perception of roles or role perception (Kahn, et al., 1964; Oswald, Mossholder, & Harris, 1997 in Bauer, 2003: 58).
In accordance with the purpose of this study, researchers want to explore how the role of the Iprahumas organization has been running thus far.
An organization is a unit (arrangement and so on) consisting of parts (people and so on) in associations and so on for a particular purpose. Cooperation groups between people are held to achieve common goals.34 Professional organizations are also formed to achieve common goals by considering certain factors related to the development of a profession. In the beginning we discussed how organizations in Indonesia such as PGRI or IDI have already been established for a long time.. The formation of these organizations is believed to help the existence of a profession to learn, work, and develop
For example, we can see and value the professionalism of a doctor because we know that they must adhere to the code of ethics that oversees their work. That is what should they do and what they should avoid in interacting with their patients. Evetts (2014) links professionalism with the competence of a profession. The idea of professionalism as occupational and normative value can be linked to public policy concerns about competences at all levels of occupational work.
Public Relations Profession
The basic concept of PR was introduced in 1906 by Ivy Lee when she managed to bridge the conflict between coal workers and businessmen. This concept was then known as the Declaration of Principle, namely the principle that is open and does not hide data and facts.
Public relations in Indonesia became known in the 1950s where public relations were tasked to explain the roles and functions of each ministry, agency, institution, agency, and so on.
A profession is a position or job that requires expertise (expertise) of its members. This means that it cannot be done by just anyone who is not trained and not specifically prepared to do the job.
According to Daniel Bell (Kusnanto, 2004: 33), profession is an intellectual activity that is studied including training that is held formally or informally and obtains a certificate issued by a group or body responsible for the knowledge in serving the community, using professional service ethics with implies competency to spark ideas, authority on technical and moral skills assume levels in society.
The International Public Relations Association (IPRA) formulates a definition of public relations and all its members agree on the definition to be practiced and developed. The definition states that, ‚Public Relations is a management function, of continuing and planned character, of which public and private organizations and institutions seek to win and retain the understanding, sympathy, and support of those with whom they are concerned - by evaluating public opinion about them, in order to correlate, as far as possible, their own policies and procedures, to achieve
34 https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/organisasi
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by planned and whispered information more productive co-operation and more efficient fulfillment of their common interest‛.
The Indonesian Public Relations Association (Iprahumas)
The Indonesian Public Relations Association (Iprahumas) was established in 2015, whose formation was based on the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform Regulation No. 6 of 2014 concerning the Functional Position of Public Relations and Credit Score.Bottom of Form.
Iprahumas is a working partner of the Directorate General of Information and Public Communication, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Ministry of Communication and Information) as a Public Relations Institution Formator in Indonesia.
At present, IPRAHumas is the only professional organization for the State Civil Apparatus which has a function in the public relations field with members consisting of honorary members and young members. The next organization will develop each branch organization in the Ministries, Institutions and Provinces as well as organizational units in the District and City as well as special branches abroad. Membership is a professional individual, not an institution or institution. In the future, IPRAHumas will develop cooperation with relevant agencies so that its existence can be recognized as an organization recognized both domestically and within ASEAN.
METHODOLOGY
We used a quantitative descriptive approach. Descriptive research was chosen because researchers only developed concepts and collected facts, did not conduct hypothesis testing and intended to describe systematically and accurately a particular situation or population area that was factual. Isaac and Michael said that the descriptive method aims to systematically describe the facts and characteristics of a particular population or certain fields in a factual and accurate manner.35
The study period lasted for six months. This research only describes the situation or event and does not seek or explain relationships, does not test hypotheses or make predictions.
The research method used is a survey method in which the researcher uses the same structured/systematic questions to interview people, and then all the answers obtained by the researcher are recorded, processed and analyzed. The structured/systematic questioning approach is known as the questionnaire.
Questionnaire is a data collection technique that is conducted by giving a set of questions or written statements to the respondent to answer. Questionnaires are an efficient data collection technique if the researcher is certain of the the variables to be measured and knows what can be expected from the respondents.36
35 Jalaludin Rakhmat. Metode Penelitian Komunikasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.1999 hal 23
36 Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Administrasi dilengkapi dengan metode R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta. 2007 hal 162