Arduino Uno
Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:
1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible both with the board that use the AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.
Stronger RESET circuit.
Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions, see the index of Arduino boards.
Summary
Microcontroller ATmega328 Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage
(recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Schematic & Reference Design
EAGLE files: arduino-uno-Rev3-reference-design.zip (NOTE: works with Eagle 6.0 and newer) Schematic: arduino-uno-Rev3-schematic.pdf
Note: The Arduino reference design can use an Atmega8, 168, or 328, Current models use an ATmega328, but an Atmega8 is shown in the schematic for reference.
The pin configuration is identical on all three processors.
Power
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack.
Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board
may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the
voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.
3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
GND. Ground pins
Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).
Input and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analog Reference() function. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:
TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire library. There are a couple of other pins on the board:
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328 ports. The mapping for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is identical.
Communication
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The '16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on
Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for USB-to-serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins. The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI communication, use the SPI library.
Programming
The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select
"Arduino Uno from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference and tutorials. The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files). You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details. The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is available . The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU bootloader, which can be activated by:
On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.
On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode. You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader). See this user-contributed tutorial for more information.
Automatic (Software) Reset
Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Uno is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2/16U2 is connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload. This setup has other implications.
When the Uno is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following halfsecond or so, the bootloader is running on the Uno. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other
data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data. The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this forum thread for details.
USB Overcurrent Protection
The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.
Physical Characteristics
The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension.
Four screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.
LAMPIRAN II
(DATA SENSOR HCHO)
FORMALDEHYDE (HCHO) SENSOR IN RAE SYSTEMS INSTRUMENTS
Specifications, Calibration, Ordering, and Instrument Configuration Options
Introduction
The formaldehyde (HCHO) sensor for RAE Systems MultiRAE family and ToxiRAE Pro gas monitors can be used for a wide variety of applications, such as automobile and chemical manufacturing, construction, indoor air quality, medical, and many others.
Specifications
Sensor and Size Type
4R+ intelligent sensor (stores calibration
information, alarm limits and other relevant data)
Range: 0 to 10ppm
Resolution: 0.05 ppm Response Time: T50 < 80 seconds
Storage Life: 6 months in sealed container
Warranty: 1 year from date of shipment Supported Monitors
Single-gas: ToxiRAE Pro (Model PGM-1860)
Multi-gas: MultiRAE Pro (PGM-6248)
Carbon Monoxide gas (CO, 50 ppm) or Formaldehyde gas (HCHO, 9 ppm) Calibration Sequence
If the HCHO sensor is installed in the same multi-gas instrument as sensors for compounds to which the HCHO sensor has cross-sensitivities, the HCHO sensor should be calibrated first, prior to the other sensors.
Ordering
The HCHO sensor can be ordered with the new ToxiRAE Pro and MultiRAE family of monitors listed in the “Supported Monitors” section, using the Product Assemble-to-Order (ATO) Configurator provided in the Portables Pricing Guide, or as an individual (replacement) sensor.
HCHO [Replacement] Sensor Ordering Information Part Number: C03-0982-000
Cross-Sensitivity ISSues Affecting Instrument Configurations Involving the HCHO Sensor
Due to the HCHO sensor’s high cross-sensitivities and long recovery times after its exposure to select compounds (especially when the sensor is installed in multi-gas monitors like the new MultiRAE), some sensor combinations cannot be supported in one multi-gas instrument.
Other sensor combinations may be feasible, but users should take note of the additional operation and maintenance requirements and/or limitations prior to use for specific applications.
Cross-Interfering NH3 CO2 (Carbon
CH4 (Methane) Compound (Ammonia) Dioxide)
Cross-Interfering
Compound 50 ppm 5,000 ppm 50% LEL
Concentration HCHO Sensor
Cross-Sensitivity None/Minimal None/Minimal None/Minimal Level
Configurations without Cross-Sensitivities
Based on the information provided in the previous table, the HCHO sensor has virtually no cross-sensitivity to the following gases, so no related issues should be expected when the HCHO sensor is installed in the same instrument as the following sensors:
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Methane (CH4; catalytic bead LEL or NDIR)
Notes:
• Data in the tables within this note are based on the HCHO (formaldehyde) sensor’s cross-sensitivity to a single gas of certain concentration.
◦◦ Mixtures of gases were not tested, and results with mixed gases are unpredictable.
◦◦ Cross-sensitivities to all the compounds are only valid for a specified concentration and may be different for higher concentrations of the same compound.
• All specifications have been verified under the following environmental conditions: temperature: 68°
F (20° C); relative humidity (non-condensing): 50%;
ambient pressure: 1atm (1,013 mbar)
Configurations Requiring Special Attention
The HCHO sensor can be ordered with the sensors listed below, but customers should be aware of the potential issues related to sensor cross-sensitivities and slower recovery times.
• HCn (Hydrogen Cyanide) – The HCHO sensor not only has a moderate positive cross-sensitivity to HCN gas, but it can also take up to 20 minutes to recover from exposure to HCN gas.
• H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) – The HCHO sensor has a very high positive cross-sensitivity to H2S gas and typical recovery times of up to 10 minutes.
• PH3 (Phosphine) – The HCHO sensor has a very high positive cross-sensitivity to PH3 gas.
• PId (Volatile Organic Compounds) – HCHO sensor has high cross-sensitivity and long sensor recovery time when exposed to 100 ppm or higher concentrations of Isobutylene.
◦◦ 10 ppm Isobutylene calibration gas can be used to calibrate the PID sensor instead of 100 ppm
Isobutylene to reduce its effect on the HCHO sensor.
• As illustrated in the table below, the HCHO sensor also has positive cross-sensitivities to the following gases, so caution should be taken when using respective sensors in the same instrument as the HCHO sensor:
◦◦ Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Compound Monoxide) (Hydrogen) Cyanide) Sulfide) (Isobutylene) Oxide) (Phosphine) Dioxide) Cross-Interfering
50 ppm 200 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 100 ppm 25 ppm 5 ppm 5 ppm
Compound Concentration
HCHO Sensor Cross- Moderate
Minimal
Moderate High High Slight High Moderate
Sensitivity Level positive positive positive positive positive positive positive HCHO Sensor Cross-
Sensitivity Approximate 20% 1-2% 25% 150%+ 100%+ 10% 100%+ 30%
Value
Problematic Configurations
Cross-Interfering Compound Cl2 (Chlorine) NO2 (Nitrogen
Due to HCHO sensor’s negative cross-sensitivities (a potential Dioxide)
safety threat!) to respective gases specified below, the users HCHO Sensor Cross-Sensitivity
-20% -20%
should exercise caution when using the HCHO sensor in the same Approximate Value
instrument as the following sensors:
Note: From a safety standpoint, a negative cross-sensitivity
• Chlorine (Cl2) may present a higher risk than a positive one, as it will diminish a
• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) sensor’s response to the target gas and so prevent an alarm.
Cross-Interfering Compound Cl2 (Chlorine) NO2 (Nitrogen Other Configurations
Dioxide)
Customers wishing to order MultiRAE instruments with any other
Cross-Interfering Compound
1 ppm 5 ppm sensor combination involving the HCHO sensor should contact RAE
Concentration
LAMPIRAN III
(DATA SHEET LCD)
MECHANICAL DATA
ITEM STANDARD VALUE
Module Dimension 80.0 x 36.0 Viewing Area 66.0 x 16.0
Dot Size 0.56 x 0.66
Character Size 2.96 x 5.56
Recommended LC Driving VDD - V0 Voltage for Normal Temp.
Version Module
LED Forward Voltage VF LED Forward Current IF
EL Power Supply Current IEL
DISPLAY CHARACTER ADDRESS CODE:
• Built-in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent)
• + 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)
in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent) + 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)
B/L to be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin 15, pin 16 or A.K (LED) N.V. optional for + 3V power supply
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING