TOWARDS A TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ZONE FOR ANCIENT CITY OF MRAUK-U AND ITS ENVIRONS
6. OUTCOME
Table 1: simulation programmes and their capabilities.
Relea sed
open source
Climatic data
Modelling capability
Sun path
Shado w cast
Thermal calculati on
Other capabilities
Expertise
requirement
Date Trial version Full version Particular area Data bank Worldclimate Model maker Compatibilityto other programme Certain periods Accuracy Outside Inside Heat gain Temperature ventilation Luminance others Low High Training course
Ecotect 5.50
Jun 2006
L 10 0$
● ● _ ● ● ● M ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● _ _
EnergyPl us
Apr 2008
_ F _ 125
0
_ De s
_ ● N
/ A
_ _ ● ● ● ● ● _ ● _
IES 5.8.2 Apr 2008
L 80 00
$
● L _ ● ● ● M ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
LESO-SHADE
1999 _ CH F 20 0
L _ _ L _ ● H ● _ _ ● _ _ _ ● _ _
RadTher m9
Jan 2008
L $10 00
L _ _ ● L _ _ ● _ ● ● ● ● ● _ ● ●
Shadow FX 1.08b
Jul 2000
L $9 9
L _ _ L ● L H ● _ ● _ _ _ _ ● _ _
Sombrero 3.01
N/A L €2 20
2 0 0
_ _ L _ ● H ● _ ● _ _ _ ● ● _ _
SUNDI N/A _ F ● _ _ N/
A N/
A
● D N
/ A
N / A
● ● _ _ _ ● _ _
TownScap e II 3.0.1
Nov 2007
L €4 50
L Mt h
_ L L ● H ● _ _ ● ● ● ● ● _ ●
TRNSYS 16
Oct 2004
● 42 00
$
_ _ T
M Y
DC P
_ ● N
/ A
● ● ● ● ● ● A ● _ T
S
In this paper, the top 11 most recognised thermal simulation programmes are introduced. They are useful in architecture and urban design particularly in solar irradiation simulation. They effectively can underpin strength points of design even in very early stage of design when project is not more than a concept. Nonetheless in developing countries utilisations of simulators are still in process, undoubtedly next decade will be dominated by them and in all schools of design; architecture or urban design; they will be applied widely. It is the process that leading universities have already commenced within last ten years.
7. REFERENCES
Sallal, A. Khaled, (2007). Testing Glare in Universal Space Design Studios in Al-Ain, UAE Desert climate and Proposed Improvements: Renewable Energy, 32, pp.1033-1044.
Official website of Ecotect, retrieved 7-March-2008, available through http://www.squ1.com Official website of US Department of Energy, retrieved 2-Febraury-2008, available
through http://www.eere.energy.gov
Crawley, B. Drury and et.al.,(2005). Contrasting the Capabilities of Building Energy Performance Simulation Programs. Building Simulation 2005: Ninth International IBPSA Conference, ____, Montreal, Canada.
Official website of Parasol, releaser retrieved 6-March-2008, available through http://www.parasol.se
Official website of RadTherm, retrieved 17-March-2008, available through http://www.thermoanalytics.com
Official website of ShadowFX, retrieved 3-April-2008, available through http://www.shadowfx.co.uk/shadowfx.htm
Official website of EnergyPlus, retrieved 28-March-2008, available through http://www.energyplus.gov
Official website of IES, retrieved 29-Febraury-2008, available through http://www.iesve.com Muhaisen, S. Ahmad and Gadi, B. Mohamed, (2006). Effect of Courtyard Proportions on Solar
Heat Gain and Energy Requirement in the Temperate Climate of Rome: Building and Environment, 41, pp.245-253.
Niewienda, A. and Heidt, D. F. (1996). SOMBRERO: A PC-Tool to Calculate Shadows on Arbitrarily Oriented Surfaces: Solar Energy, 58(4), pp.253-263.
Official website of Sombrero, retrieved 21-March-2008, available through http://nesa1.uni-siegen.de
Official website of SUNDI, retrieved 2-March-2008, available through http://emsolar.ee.tu-berlin.de/simulation/sundi.html
Teller, J. and Azar, S.( 2001).TownScape II-A Computer System to Support Solar Access Decision-Making: Solar Energy, 70(3), pp.187-200.
Official website of TownScape, retrieved 26-March-2008, available through http://www.lema.ulg.ac.be/tools/townscope [26-3-2008].
Abdullah, H. Ali, Ghoneim, A. Adel and Al-Hasan, Y. Ahmad (2002). Assesment of Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems in the Kuwaiti Climate: Renewable Energy, 26, pp. 189-199.
Schweizer, C., Eicker, U. and Lomas, K.( 1998). Dynamic Calculation of Daylighting in Urban Structures: Renewable Energy, 15, pp.360-363.
Flor, J. Francisco, Cebollar, O. Rafael, Felix, L. Jose(2005). Solar Radiation Calculation Methodology for Building Exterior Surfaces: Solar Energy, 79, pp.513-522.
Hiller, D.E. Marion, Beckman, A. William, and Mitchell, W. John, (2000). TRNSHD_ A Program for Shading and Insulation Calculations: Building and Environment, 35, pp.633-644.
Official website of TRNSYS, retrieved 26-March-2008, available through http://www.trnsys.com
TWO CITIES: BETWEEN REPRESENTATIONS AND PRODUCED IMAGES
Dr SASSI BOUDEMAGH Souad - Faculté des sciences de la terre –Département d'Architecture- Université Mentouri de Constantine, Ain El Bey, Constantine.
Email:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
There is a tendency within literature and scientists thoughts related to urban researches that says there is no crisis of the reality of the city, but there is a crisis of the representation of this reality. Could the image of a city cancel the city itself? Despite the fact that it is hard to figure out something while it is still taking form; this paper explains, to some extent, the close tie between the image of a city and its representation. The two cities we speak about are Constantine city and the new town of Ali Mendjelli. They are in opposition, a bit paradoxical, as well in the remarks that represent the inhabitants’ feelings as in the specialists' thoughts:
“the ancient city and the new city ". A frequent mobility from one city to another constitutes an actual parameter associated to a field of possibilities which makes it likely to socially institute an individual capacity of selection and comparison, even evaluation, and social criticism. To understand inhabitants reaction as well as his mode of adaptation, while his mobility between the two different environments, as sense producing urban entities, we will give insights in points that are relevant to the identity of a city, with a focus on the impact of a rapid urbanization beside an age-old one on citizen mental images.
Keywords: Age-old city, Rapid urbanization, Built landscape features, Mental representations, Identity, Visual culture, Space appropriation.
1. INTRODUCTION
It is true that the concept of "city" is a fuzzy one, a very broad term, difficult to define. In spite of this fact, the most general and concrete definition is that one which identifies the city as “a mode of space appropriation by a human group of certain importance "; the place giving the feeling of belonging to it. Therefore, the stress is on mental inhabitants representations in connection with the lived city. The representation of this materiality in its absence that is connected with the significances for each one, lived, collective and individual experiment, and closely related to the urban experiment and the urban culture which results from it.
A broadly known fact is that there is a great variety of mental representations of a city. The ones of the urban residents, the representations of artists as a form of sublimation, representations of the urban planners and the policies translating the desired city, finally those of the researchers who want to rebuild the city logically.
However, the significant connection that establishes between a human being and the place where he lives consists of the act of identification, in other words the recognition of belonging to this place. The appropriation of the place is carried out at the same time as the self-definition in this same place by the act of identification.
N.Schulz calls this " existential spatiality "(Schultz Ch N, 1988); thing which does not require at all the orientation’s functions, so of organization and of fitting in the city, because one can find his bearing among the built forms organized in a space, without being completely identified with them.
The particular character of a place is the indispensable condition of the interiorization and the highlighting of a space as being a representation of the identity, and this particular character is closely related to the values in connection with the semantic system managing the architectural forms in a place, in fact, the city.