dan juga morbiditas psikoseksual yang mungkin
terjadi. Pemeriksaan biopsi jaringan, foto thorax, USG,
CT scan, MRI, PET dapat dilakukan apabila
1. Which human papillomavirus (HPV) subtype is associated with adenocarcinoma of the cervix? most strongly • a. HPV 6 • b. HPV 16 • c. HPV 18 • d. HPV 31
2. Which of the following statements regarding cervical cancer risk factors is FALSE?
• a. Cervical cancer is an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness.
• b. Transplant recipients have an increased risk of cervical cancer.
• c. In general, women who have an autoimmune disease and take immunosuppressant therapy do not have an increased risk of cervical cancer.
• d. Combination oral contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer due to the higher number of sexual partners in users.
• 3. Which histologic subtype of cervical carcinoma is represented in this micrograph? Arrows point to keratin pearls.
• a. Melanoma
• b. Adenocarcinoma
• c. Squamous cell carcinoma
4. A woman presents for a routine health maintenance visit. The following is visualized during speculum examination. What is the most appropriate next step?
• a. Perform a Pap test
• b. Perform a cervical biopsy
• c. Refer to a gynecologic oncologist
5. What is the most appropriate surgical approach for a woman who has a stage IAI squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and has completed childbearing?
• a. Cold-knife conization
• b. Extra fascial hysterectomy
• c. Type III radical hysterectomy
6. Both urinary and genital systems develop from which of the following cell types?
• a. Ectoderm
• b. Endoderm
• c. Mesoderm
7.Embryos of male or female gender are indistinguishable from each other until which number of weeks of development? • a. 7 • b. 10 • c. 12 • d. 14
8. During a first-trimester ultrasound or pregnancy dating, you discover that your patient has a subseptate uterus. While counseling her, you explain that this müllerian anomaly developed in utero secondary to failure of the midline uterine septum to reabsorb completely. Normally,
reabsorption of the uterine septum in a fetus should occur by how many weeks of gestation?
• a. 20
• b. 28
• c. 32
9. In the male fetus, dihydrotestosterone (DHT ) is involved in which of the following?
• a. Enlargement of the phallus
• b. Lengthening of the anogenital distance
• c. Fusion of the labioscrotal folds to form the scrotum
10. When aced with ambiguous external genitalia of a newborn at delivery, the obstetrician should do which of the following?
• a. Examine the mother for signs of hyperandrogenism.
• b. Refer to the newborn as “your baby” and not as “it.”
• c. Refrain from gender assignment by explaining that the genitalia are incompletely formed.
11. During menopausal transition, which of the following results from cessation of ovarian steroid
hormone release?
• a. A rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels
• b. A rise in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels
• c. A maximal increase in the frequency and amplitude of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion
12. Anovulation is the most common cause of erratic bleeding during menopausal transition. However, as shown in this sonogram, endometrial cancer is suspected during this transition in those with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Here, the thickened heterogeneous endometrium measures 26 mm. The overall risk for endometrial cancer increases to what percentage in women with AUB during menopausal transition?
• a. 0.1 percent
• b. 1 percent
• c. 10 percent
13. A 55-year-old postmenopausal, thin, patient who smokes asks for counseling regarding
osteoporosis due to her concern for future bone fracture risk. In addition to the vertebrae and femoral neck, which of the following is most commonly fractured?
• a. Rib
• b. Wrist
• c. Fibula
14. The North American Menopause Society term genitourinary syndrome of menopause(GSM) encompasses which of the following signs and symptoms?
• a. Dyspareunia
• b. Vulvar dryness
• c. Urinary urgency and dysuria
15. In postmenopausal women, unopposed estrogen may be derived from which of the following sources?
• a. Exogenous estrogen
• b. Extragonadal endogenous estrogen production
• c. Decreased sex hormone-binding globulin levels
16. Which of the following regarding thyroid function is true during normal pregnancy?
• A. Foetal thyroid function is largely dependent upon the function of the maternal thyroid
• B. Plasma thyroid-binding globulin concentration increases
• C. Plasma total thyroxine concentration falls
• D. Plasma TSH concentration increases
17. Which of the following is correct regarding the diffusion of gases through the placental membrane?
a. 〖CO〗_2crosses the placenta from foetus to mother because of a high concentration gradient
b. 〖CO〗_2 diffuses through the placental membrane 5 times more quickly than O_2
c. The mean 〖PO〗_2 in the foetus is 50 mmHg
d. The mean 〖PO〗_2in the mother’s blood is approximately 30 mmHg e. The only way the foetus can excrete 〖CO〗_2 is through the placenta
18. Which of the following is not a normal finding in a healthy pregnant patient?
• A. A fourth heart sound
• B. A raised alkaline phosphatase
• C. Tall, peaked T waves in lead III
• D. Left axis deviation on the electrocardiograph (ECG)
19. In a normal pregnancy, which of the following is true regarding uterine blood flow?
• A. Is about 50 mL/minute at term
• B. Is increased during uterine contractions
• C. Is reduced by prostacyclin
• D. Represents about 10% of the cardiac output by the end of the first trimester
• E. Within the choriodecidual space is maintained throughout the cardiac cycle
20. Which of the following is true regarding aortocaval compression in a pregnant woman?
• A. A reduction in cardiac output may be due to compression of the superior vena cava
• B. A wedge should be placed under the left side
• C. Compression of the aorta may cause uterine hypoperfusion
• D. Is greater when lying on the right side
21. Regarding the human placenta, which of the following is true?
• A. Cytotrophoblast is in direct contact with maternal blood
• B. Decidual cells are derived from myometrial stromal cells
• C. Each cotyledon represents a primary stem villi
• D. The anchoring villi are attached to the myometrium
• E. The intervillous space communicates directly with branches of the uterine arteries
22. Which of the following is true regarding human chorionic gonadotropin?
• A. Binds to luteinising hormone (LH) receptors
• B. Has intrinsic anti-thyroid activity
• C. Is a protein molecule
• D. Is synthesised by the corpus luteum of pregnancy
23. The concentrations of which of the following increase during pregnancy?
• A. Albumin
• B. Sodium
• C. Fibrinogen
• D. All of the above
24. Which of the following is not true regarding trophoblast?
• A. Develops from the blastocyst
• B. Enters the maternal circulation during normal pregnancy
• C. Gives rise to the foetal blood vessels in the placenta
• D. Is genetically identical to decidua
25. Which of the following normally decreases during pregnancy?
• A. Heart rate
• B. Stroke volume
• C. Systemic vascular resistance
• D. All of the above