Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa disertasi “Peningkatan Kualitas Tanah Sawah dan Air Buangan di Saluran Drainase pada Tanah Sulfat Masam” adalah karya saya sendiri dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan tinggi manapun. Sumber infor masi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir disertasi ini.
Bogor, Mei 2006
Khairil Anwar NRP.A226010031
ABSTRAK
KHAIRIL ANWAR. Peningkatan Kualitas Tanah Sawah dan Air Buangan di
Saluran Drainase pada Tanah Sulfat Masam. (Dibimbing oleh Supiandi Sabiham sebagai ketua; dan Basuki Sumawinata, Asep Sapei, dan Trip Alihamsyah sebagai anggo ta).
Oksidasi pirit pada tanah sulfat masam menurunkan kualitas tanah dan air buangan dari sawah. Peningkatan kualitas tanah pada pertanaman padi dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian bahan organik disertai dengan pengaturan air agar selalu dalam keadaan reduktif. Perbaikan kualitas air petakan dilakukan dengan pemberian air berkualitas baik (pH = 5,0) melalui pemanfaatan pasang besar dimusim kemarau dan air hujan pada musim hujan, sedangkan untuk memperbaiki kualitas air buangan dikembangkan sebuah sistem saluran drainase.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: (1) kemampuan kompos jerami padi dalam meningkatkan kualitas tanah dan produksi padi; dan (2) kemampuan biofilter dalam memperbaiki kualitas air buangan di saluran drainase; serta (3) periode waktu drainase air petakan sawah yang tepat.
Penelitian dilakukan pada tanah sulfat masam (Typic Sulfaquept), terluapi pasang besar (tipe B), di Kebun Percobaan Belandean, Balai Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa (BALITTRA), Kalimantan Selatan, pada musim kemarau 2003 dan musim hujan 2003/2004. Perlakuan untuk peningkatan kualitas tanah berupa takaran pemberian kompos jerami padi, sedangkan perlakuan untuk peningkatan kualitas air buangan berupa biofilter purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis), bulubabi (Eleocharis retroflaxa), dan kombinasinya dengan batu kapur kalsit atau zeolit. Media filter tersebut ditempatkan pada saluran drainase.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kompos jerami mampu memperbaiki kualitas tanah pada fase vegetatif, berupa peningkatan pH dan bahan organik tanah serta penurunan Al-dd. pH tanah pada fase tersebut merupakan indikator produksi padi pada musim kemarau dan hujan. Pemberian kompos jerami sebesar 2,7 t/ha (setara berat kering) mampu meningkatkan hasil gabah sebesar 48% pada musim kemarau dan 132% pada musim hujan. Kualitas air buangan sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas air petakan sawah yang akan dibuang. Kualitas air buangan dapat ditingkatkan setelah dialirkan melalui biofilter purun tikus dan bulubabi seluas 6,25% dari luas tanam padi, dilanjutkan melalui batu kapur kalsit (diameter 0,5-1,0 cm) seberat 78,125 kg/ha.
Sifat kimia tanah pada fase vegetatif sangat menentukan produksi padi, karena itu air petak sawah pada pertanaman musim hujan perlu dibuang secara intensif pada fase tersebut.
ABSTRACT
KHAIRIL ANWAR. Quality Improvement of Paddy Soil and Discharged Water in Drainage Channel at Acid Sulphate Soil. (Under academic advisory of Supiandi Sabiham as chairman, and Basuki Sumawinata, Asep Sapei, and Trip Alihamsyah as members of advisory committee).
Oxidation of pyrite in acid sulphate soil reduced the quality of soil and discharged water from paddy field. Improvement of soil quality in paddy cultivation could be managed by addition of organic matter together with regulating water to maintain its reductive condition. Water quality improvement in the paddy field was conducted by addition of good quality water (pH= 5,0) through utilization of high tide water in dry season and rain water during rainy season while for improvement of discharged water, a system of drainage channel was developed.
The objective of this research was to obtain information on: (1) the ability of rice straw compost in improving soil quality and rice production; (2) the ability of biofilter in improving the quality of discharged water in drainage channel; and (3) the appropriate period for water drainage in rice field plot.
The research was conducted in acid sulphate soil (Typic Sulfaquept), with flooding during high tide (B type) at experimental field Belandean, Research Institute for Swamp Land Agriculture (BALITTRA), South Kalimantan, during dry season of 2003 and rainy season of 2003/2004. Treatment for improving soil quality was in the form of the rate of application of rice straw compost whereas treatment for improving discharged water quality was in the form of biofilters using purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis), bulubabi (Eleocharis retroflaxa), and their combination with calcite limestone and zeolite. Those media filters were placed in drainage channel.
Research results indicated that the application of rice straw compost was capable of improving soil quality during vegetative phase substantiated by increasing soil pH and organic matter content, and decreasing exchangeable Al. Soil pH in that phase constituted an indicator of rice production during dry and rainy seasons. Application of rice straw compost as much as 2.7 t/ha (dry weight equivalent) was capable of increasing the yield of rice by 48% in dry season and 132% in rainy season.
Quality of discharged water was determined mostly by quality of water in the plot of paddy field which would be discharged. Quality of discharged water could be improved after being flowed through biofilter of purun tikus and bulubabi as wide as 6.25% of the rice planting area and continued by flowing through calcite limestone (diameter 0.5 -1.0 cm) of as much as 78.125 kg/ha.
Soil chemical properties during vegetative phase highly affected rice production. Therefore water in experimental plot of paddy field during rainy season should be discharged intensively during that phase.
ABSTRACT
KHAIRIL ANWAR. Quality Improvement of Paddy Soil and Drained Water at Acid Sulphate Soil. (Under academic advisory of Supiandi Sabiham as chairman, and Basuki Sumawinata, Asep Sapei, and Trip Alihamsyah as members of advisory committee).
Oxidation of pyrite in acid sulphate soil reduced the quality of soil and drained water from paddy field. Improvement of soil quality in paddy cultivation could be managed by addition of organic matter together with regulating of water to maintain its reductive condition. Water quality improvement in the paddy field was conducted by addition of good quality water (pH= 5,0) through utilization of high tide water in dry season and rain water during rainy season while for improvement of drained water, a system of drainage canal was developed. The objective of this research was to obtain information on: (1) the ability of rice straw compost in improving soil quality and rice production; (2) the ability of biofilter in improving the quality of drained water, and (3) the appropriate period for drained water in rice field plot.
This research was conducted in acid sulphate soil (Typic Sulfaquept), with flooding during high tide (B type) at experimental field Belandean, Research Institute fo r Swamp Land Agriculture (BALITTRA), South Kalimantan, during dry season of 2003 and rainy season of 2003/2004. Treatment for improving soil quality was in the form of the rate of application of rice straw compost whereas treatment for improving drained water quality was in the form of biofilters using
purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis), bulubabi (Eleocharis retroflaxa), and their combination with calcite limestone and zeolite. Those media filters were placed in drainage canal.
Research results indicated that the application of rice straw compost was capable of improving soil quality during vegetative phase substantiated by increasing soil pH and organic matter content, and decreasing exchangeable Al. Soil pH in that phase constituted an indicator of rice production during dry and rainy seasons. Application of rice straw compost as much as 2.7 t/ha (dry weight equivalent) was capable of increasing the yield of rice by 48% in dry season and 132% in rainy season.
Quality of drained water was determined mostly by quality of water in the plot of paddy field, which would be drained. Quality of drained water could be improved after being flowed through biofilter of purun tikus and bulubabi as wide as 6.25% of the rice planting area and continued by flowing through calcite limestone (diameter 0.5 -1.0 cm) of as much as 78.125 kg/ha.
Soil chemical properties during vegetative phase highly affected rice production. Therefore, water in experimental plot of paddy field during rainy season should be drained intensively during that phase.