CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.7 Previous Study
In this study, the writer also found some previous studies which can be references in finishing this study they are Dwi Dewinda Julianti, a student of Malang Gajayana University (2004), entitled “An Analysis on Cause and Effect of Arthur Dimmesdale’s Conflict in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter”. She stated that there are external and internal conflicts in her study, and it applies descriptive method since her study is a qualitative research to describe the analysis involving both the data and the theories and uses structural,
psychological, and religious approach that focuses on the relation between the character’s conflict, cause and effect of this conflict, personality of the character and his conflict with his religion and God. This study proposes some statements of the problems namely: 1) what conflicts does Arthur Dimmesdale have, 2) why do the conflicts happen to him, 3) how the conflicts develop, and 4) what are the effects of the conflicts on Arthur Dimmesdale’s personality. Through the analysis in this study, it is found out that Arthur Dimmesdale as a Priest or clergyman who must preaches God’s laws but he breaks God’s laws and warning with commit adultery with Hester Prynne. Therefore, he must face unsolved conflict because of
his feeling guilty with God and parishioners and feeling responsibility with Hester Prynne and his daughter, Pearl. It also gives an indication of the hypocrisy,
coward and fears of Arthur Dimmesdale. His big conflict has effect to health and personality of adulterous Pries Arthur Dimmesdale. This study is an analysis of
“The Internal Conflict Faced by The Main Characters of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter”. There are several differences between the study above. The study focus only describes about internal conflict and also the way of main characters in solving conflict, and the writer does not employ descriptive
qualitative but critical approach in order to analyze the conflict, especially internal conflict in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.
Another student is Riamto Yuli Widodo; his thesis title is “An Analysis on Arthur Dimmesdale’s Puritan Morality Through the Tragic Irony of His Internal Conflicts in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter”. This research specifically presents the discussion of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s tragic figure in his novel, The Scarlet Letter, that is, Arthur Dimmesdale. Arthur Dimmesdale seems to be a representation of the Puritan irony. As an adulterous priest which is the result of his past seven years of adultery with Hester Prynne. He in the following moment of his life is brought to the torturing conflicts of his religious morality and feeling of humanity. Arthur Dimmesdale is completely incapable of coping with the contradictory conflict and therefore, he terribly suffers from carrying great burden demanding his immediate responsibility. This research proposes some statements of the problems namely: 1) what internal conflicts are encountered by Arthur Dimmesdale, 2) how does the tragic irony of his internal conflicts occur, 3) how
does Arthur Dimmesdale and his internal conflicts as it becomes the scope and limitation in this study. Other characters are by no means discussed with particularity and are merely treated as the supporting ones. The purpose of this study is to answer the research problems proposed. This research is a piece of qualitative research. Therefore, it applies descriptive method since the researcher will describe the analysis involving both the data and the theories. This research uses objective approach that only focuses on the specific object or facts in the novel without relating it to other elements beyond the work. The data are chiefly collected from the original text of The Scarlet Letter and also some other books which relevantly support the main source of data. The data will be analyzed in terms of cause and effect and also internal conflict. Through the analysis in this research, it is found out that Arthur Dimmesdale’s incapability of coping with the conflicts of his religious morality and feeling of humanity is chiefly caused by his moral and religious immaturity. Furthermore, this fact also gives an indication of the immaturity of Arthur Dimmesdale’s Puritan morality. This analysis is
different with the analysis above. In this analysis, the writer tried to describe not only the internal conflict, faced by the main characters, but also the way of the main characters to solve their conflicts they faced. And this study uses structural approach for analyzing intrinsic element of literary works that is conflict,
especially the internal conflict and also uses a literary criticism structural approach as research design
In this study, the writer also found same analysis but in different object that is on Nurul Hidayah’s research entitled “An Analysis on Psychological
Conflicts Faced by the Main Character in Marahrusli’s Siti Nurbaya” (2003). She also analyzed about conflicts, focused on psychological aspects of the main character. She had three problems in analyzing this novel namely; what are psychological conflicts faced by the main character, how the main characters had the solution to solve psychological conflicts they faced and what can be learnt from the solution of psychological conflicts faced by the main character. As the result she found that there were three main characters that had several
psychological conflicts, they are Siti Nurbaya, Samsul Bahri, and Datuk
Maringgih. Their conflicts are including in type avoidance-avoidance and to solve conflicts they use realistic level. This research has one different problem of the study, thus she used some psychological theories and descriptive qualitative as her research design. While this analysis, the writer analyzed and focused on only internal conflicts of main characters and the way of main characters in solving their problems. Here, the writer used structural approach for analyzing intrinsic element of literary works that is internal conflict and used a literary criticism structural approach as research design.
In another study, the writer also found the similar research that is “An Analysis on Conflict Faced by Anne in Jane Austen’s Persuasion” (2005) by Nuri Subekti, she did her analysis by using structural approach because she analyzed one of the intrinsic elements of literary work and she found several problems of studies. They are; what conflicts that are faced by Anne as the one of the main characters, then the causes and the effects of those conflicts to Anne and other character. From these research problems she found the result of her analysis that
conflicts came from two sides, they are internally and externally. The internal conflict in which Anne was faced by her family wanted to move to Bath and she felt in love with a man who had no fortune. The external conflicts happened when she faced the conflicts with other characters, for example: her parents, Sir Walter Elliot and Lady Russel. Both two conflicts had some effects to Anne and other characters such as; frustrated, compulsive-worried, curious, angry, and anxious.
The study above has little different with this study, because it is not only in object but also more specific that focus on the internal conflicts of main characters, and covers the way of main characters in solving their conflicts. While the analysis above explained the causes and the effects of the conflicts.
It is also found in another study, it is Analysis on Conflict Faced by the Main Character, King Lear, in William Shakespeare’s King Lear (2007) by Iffah Agustin Kusumaningtiyas. This study has two problems that will be discussed; 1).
What kinds of conflicts faced by the main character King Lear, 2). How the conflicts happened. Then purposes of this study are to know the conflicts which were faced by main character King Lear and to describe how the conflicts happened in the story of the play.
In analyzing the conflict of play, the researcher uses literary criticism and structural approach or called objective approach as the research design, because conflict is one of intrinsic aspect of literary work. Here, the data source is the text of play entitled The Tragedy of King Lear written by William Shakespeare.
Therefore, she not only has to read the play repeatedly, identify the main and the minor character and conflicts, and find out the relevant information from the
internet to collect all the data needed. But also, she has to categorize and interpret all the data in analyzing.
As the result of the study, there are two conflicts which are faced by the main character King Lear in King Lear play; they are internal and external
conflict. In internal conflict there are psychological and emotional conflict; in this case the main character King Lear faced conflict with himself. While, in external conflict there are social and physical conflict; here, King Lear had conflicts from the first act until the end and the death of King Lear.
The study above has little different with this study, it is in object and this study more specific that focus on the internal conflicts of main characters, and cover the way of main characters in solving their conflicts. While, the analysis above explore the conflict of the main character and how the conflict happened.