CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
D. Situational Archetype
9. The Ritual
D. Situational Archetype
Situational archetype in literary criticism according to Jung means identifying how the author brings the story line through the situations described in it. The situation in a novel is often divided into various kinds or there is one situation that dominates. This study related to situational archetypes was created to make it easier for novel readers to understand the nature of the plot by plot told by the author. In general, situational archetypes are divided into several types :
1. The Quest
Characters in a novel usually experience several situations to make the storyline more interesting. The quest is a situation that describes the character's position while searching for something. The quest is generally one of the beginnings of the story in a literary work. When the character gets something to look for, then the character will start his journey and bring the continuation of the plot in the story. According to Guerin (1995) quest describes the search for someone or something that is important and not easily achieved. To complete the
quest, the character must pass through various obstacles. For example is fighting against evil creatures or entering forbidden places.
2. The Task
The task is a situation when a character in a story has a task to do. The task is generally related to the quest, because when the task has been completed, the quest will be stopped and answered by the character. According to Lawrence (2015) in the task archetype, the character should do the superhuman acts to fulfill the goal. The task can be described in many ways such as the duty to save someone and so on. In other words, the task describes a situation where a character has a responsibility to carry out. The example of the task is found in the Divergent novel where the main character named Tris has to carry out her task to overthrow the government in her city in order to save people who are categorized as divergent like herself.
3. The Initiation
The initiation is usually associated with a change in something. Guerin (1996) states that the initiation starts from ignorance that leads a person to spiritual maturity. The initiation is described by the start of something new which is followed by maturity. Some stories in the novel sometimes tell the life of a character who is evil then turns into a good one. This can be categorized as initiation, because the character starts something new which is followed by maturity in his attitude. Often the initiation appears at the climax or the end of the story which leads to a good ending.
4. The Journey
Some literary works such as novels often tell the story of a long journey.
In that type of story, the element of the journey is often included in it. Zatalini (2018) said that the journey is where the character search for some truth information. The journey not only tells about a journey of a character from one place to another place, but can contain various situations such as someone who in his journey may experience ups and downs in his life. The journey is a situation that puts the character on a long journey to achieve something. The example of a novel that contains elements of the journey archetype is On the Road novel by Jack Kerouac which was written based on the true story of Keruoac’s journey and his friends to the United States. Another example also can found in the novel published in 1865 entitled Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
5. The Fall
The fall is a situation that occurs when a character in a literary work experiences the lowest situation. The fall caused by the loss of innocence. This archetype can happen for many reasons. One example is death. In many novels, there is often the death of an important character which makes the situation in the plot very bad. Like what happened in the The Chronicles of Narnia novel, Aslan died and the disaster made many people slump. Not only death, the fall can also be described as an example of a family who lost all of their property, someone who lost his job or someone who got sick or had an accident that hindered his survival.
6. Death and Rebirth
This type of situational archetype is a situation that describes the death of a character but continues with his rebirth. The most common example of death and rebirth in real life is the existence of reincarnation. In real life, many people believe that reincarnation is a real thing. Some people are also found not a few who hope to be someone else with a different destiny when they are born again. It is also possible to be published in various literary works, especially novels.
Guerin (1966) states that birth represent by morning and springtime while death represent by evening and winter.
7. Good vs. Evil
According to Lawrence (2015) good vs. The evil archetype consist of pitting the power between good and evil. This type of situational archetype is often found in literary work like novels. It usually called as the battle of protagonist and antagonist. This type of situational archetype contains situations regarding the battle between heroes and villains. The most famous example is one of the Harry Potter novels which is depicted with a battle between Harry Potter as the good character and Voldemort as the evil character.
8. Uncured Wound
Uncured wound is a situational archetype that is described by a wound on a character that does not heal. Jung (2001) argues that this type of archetype symbolized a loss of innocence and drive the sufferer to extremes. This can be described by a prolonged trauma or sadness. Trauma and sadness can be triggered
by various things. One example is bullying or losing someone. This form of pain can be psychological or psychological. In real life this often happens and is felt by many people. This situation is also often described in literary works and belongs to the situational archetype uncured wound. One example of a novel that tells about uncured wounds is a novel entitled The Fault in The Stars where the main character named Hazel Grace suffers from an uncured wound caused by the death of her boyfriend due to cancer.
9. The Ritual
The archetype ritual is a special ceremony performed by a character with the aim of achieving something. The rituals are a sign that the character's role is important in their society because this ritual usually plays an important role for the characters in the novel. Various novels often contain rituals in the story such as rituals to bring someone back to life in fantasy novels, rituals of exorcism in horror novels as well as tribal or religious rituals and other rituals. Midsommar is an example of a literary work that tells about the ritual, which tells about a hidden tribe in America who likes to perform sadistic rituals and cannot be accepted by reason. The rituals performed in Midsommar novel eventually took the lives of the main character's friends, but the people of the tribe considered it normal and had been done.
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