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49
Lampiran 1. Peta lokasi penelitian
Lampiran 2. Beberapa foto lokasi penelitian di rawa banjiran Sungai Kampar Kiri
Danau Pakis, Mentulik Danau Belanti, Mentulik
Danau Anak Kampar, Mentulik Danau Puyuh, Mentulik
Danau Baru, Simalinyang Rawa di sekitar D. Baru, Simalinyang
Rawa di sekitar D. Belanti, Mentulik Alur sungai ke D.Baru, Simalinyang
Lampiran 3. Beberapa foto alat tangkap yang dioperasikan selama penelitian di rawa banjiran Sungai Kampar Kiri
Jaring insang eksperimental
Sempirai (perangkap)
Lampiran 4. Kriteria penilaian tingkat kematangan gonad ikan selais di rawa banjiran Sungai Kampar Kiri, Riau menurut Sukendi (2001)
Tingkat Kematangan Gonad Betina Jantan I (ikan muda)
Ovarium berbentuk sepasang benang kasar, terletak pada kiri dan kanan rongga perut, warna bening dan kecoklatan dengan permukaan licin
Testis berbentuk sepasang benang berwarna bening dan licin. Ukuran lebih kecil dari ovarium ikan betina pada TKG yang sama
II (tahap perkembangan)
Ovarium berukuran lebih besar dari TKG I, berwarna coklat muda, butiran telur masih belum dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang
Testis berukuran lebih besar dari TKG I dan berwarna putih
III (dewasa)
Ovarium berukuran lebih besar dari TKG II dan hampir mengisi setengah rongga perut. Butiran telur mulai kelihatan dengan mata telanjang, beberapa butiran halus membuat ovarium berwarna kuning kehijauan
Testis berukuran lebih besar dari TKG II dan dapat mengisi hampir setengah rongga perut. Warna lebih putih dan lekukan terlihat jelas
IV (matang)
Ovarium telah mengisi dua pertiga rongga perut, usus terdesak keluar, warna menjadi kuning kecoklatan dan lebih gelap. Telur telah terlihat jelas dan lebih besar dari TKG III
Testis berukuran semakin besar, berwarna putih susu dan padat serta mengisi sebagian besar rongga perut. Permukaan
berlekuk-lekuk dan kasar karena diisi oleh semen yang padat
V (salin)
Ovarium masih terlihat seperti TKG IV, namun bagian tertentu telah
mengempis karena telur telah dikeluarkan pada saat
pemijahan
Testis terlihat mengempis, pada bagian tertentu kosong karena semen telah dikeluarkan pada saat pemijahan, warna
Lampiran 5. Pembuatan preparat histologi gonad dengan metoda mikroteknik (Gunarso, 1989)
1. Fiksasi
Gonad diambil dan dicuci dengan NaCl fisiologis 0,65%, difiksasi ke dalam larutan bouin (15 cc asam pikrat jenuh + 5 cc formalin + 1 cc asam cuka pekat) selama 24 jam lalu dicuci dengan alkohol 70% sampai warna kuning pada gonad hilang. Gonad dapat disimpan dalam larutan alkohol 70% untuk beberapa waktu lamanya sebelum proses dehidrasi
2. Dehidrasi
Organ direndam dalam larutan alkohol bertingkat (80%, 85%, 90% dan 95%) masing-masing selama 2 jam dan dipindahkan ke dalam alkohol 100% sebanyak 4 kali masng-masing selama 1 jam
3. Clearing I
Organ direndam dalam alkohol 100% + xylol (1:1) selama 45 menit, kemudian ke dalam xylol I, II, dan II masing-masing selama 45 menit
4. Infiltring
Organ direndam dalam xylol + parafin (1:1) selama 45 menit pada suhu 600C, kemudian direndam ke dalam parafin I, II, dan III masing-masing selama 45 menit
5. Embiding
Organ direndam ke dalam balok parafin cair pada suhu 600C sampai parafin mengeras selama 24 jam
6. Pemotongan
Spesimen dipotong setebal 5 mikron dengan menggunakan mikrotom, ditempelkan pada gelas obyek yang telah ditetesi ewid, direnggangkan di atas pemanas dan dikeringkan 24 jam pada suhu 450C
7. Deparafinasi
Preparat direndam berturut-turut (xylol I, II, alkohol 100% I, 100% II, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 70% , dan 50%) masing-masing 2 menit dan dicuci sampai berwarna putih.
Lanjutan Lampiran 5..
8. Pewarnaan
Preparat direndam dalam larutan hematoksilin selama 2 menit, dicuci dengan air keran mengalir, direndam dalam larutan eosin selama 2 menit dan dicuci kembali dengan air keran mengalir
9. Dehidrasi
Preparat direndam berturut-turut di dalam alkohol 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% I, 95% II, 100% I, dan 100% II masing-masing selama 1 menit.
10. Clearing II
Preparat direndam ke dalam xylol I dan xylol II masing-masing selama 1 menit
11. Penutupan dengan kaca penutup
Preparat diberi zat perekat canda balsem, ditutup dengan kaca penutup, dikeringkan selama 10 menit. Preparat diberi label sesuai dengan keperluan sehingga didapatkan preparat permanen histologi gonad (testis dan ovarium) yang dapat diamati di bawah mikroskop setiap saat.
Jun'06; n = 64 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 70-120 120-170 170-220 220-270 270-320 Jul'06; n = 61 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 70-120 120-170 170-220 220-270 270-320 Agust'06; n = 55 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 70-120 120-170 170-220 220-270 270-320 Sept'06; n = 117 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 70-120 120-170 170-220 220-270 270-320 Okt'06; n = 72 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 70-120 120-170 170-220 220- 270 270-320 Nop'06; n = 68 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 70-120 120-170 170-220 220-270 270-320 Des'06; n=37 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 70-120 120-170 170-220 220-270 270-320
Lampiran 6. Sebaran frekuensi jumlah ikan selais (O. hypohthalmus) berdasarkan selang ukuran panjang setiap bulan
Panjang total (mm) F rekuens i (% ) Panjang total ( ) Fr ek ue n si (%)
Lampiran 7. Uji Khi Kuadrat terhadap jenis kelamin ikan selais, O. hypophthalmus
1. Nisbah kelamin total
Hipotesis
H0: jantan: betina = 1:1 (nisbah kelamin seimbang) H0: jantan: betina ≠ 1:1 (nisbah kelamin tidak seimbang)
= (224-237)2 + (250-237)2
237 237
= 1,43
( V; 2-1) = 3,84
< , sehingga terima H0 (nisbah kelamin ikan seimbang)
2. Nisbah kelamin Ikan Selais Berdasarkan Bulan Jumlah (ekor) Bulan
Jantan Betina hitung
Juni’07 32 32 0* Juli’07 25 36 1,984* Agustus’07 22 33 2,200* September’07 57 60 0,077* Oktober’07 41 31 1,389* Nopember’07 33 35 0,059* Desember’07 14 23 2,189*
Keterangan : Nilai tabel = 3,841
(*) Nilai hitung < tabel ; tidak nyata (nisbah kelamin seimbang) (¥) Nilai hitung > tabel ; nyata (nisbah kelamin tidak seimbang)
∑
−
=
i i ie
e
o
2 2( )
χ
hitung 2χ
tabel 2χ
hitung 2χ χ
2tabel 2χ
2 χ 2 χ χ2 2 χ 2 χLanjutan Lampiran 7
3. Nisbah kelamin Ikan yang Matang Gonad (TKG IV) setiap Bulan Jumlah (ekor)
Bulan
Jantan Betina hitung
Juni’07 9 10 0,053* Juli’07 4 16 7,200¥ Agustus’07 9 27 9,000¥ September’07 14 34 8,333¥ Oktober’07 14 30 5,818¥ Nopember’07 10 28 8,526¥ Desember’07 2 8 3,600*
Keterangan : Nilai tabel = 3,841
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2 χ 2 χ χ2 2 χ 2 χLampiran 8. Pertelaan tingkat kematangan gonad ikan selais (O. hypophthalmus) (a) Morfologi dan histologi ovarium ikan selais pada setiap tingkat kematangan
TKG Morfologi Histologi
I Awal Pertumbuhan
Ovarium berwarna putih kekuningan dan permukaan licin. Ukuran ovarium relatif kecil dan berbentuk oval dan ganda. Butir telur belum terlihat oleh mata telanjang. Ovarium berada di bagian posterior dekat anus
Ovarium didominasi oleh oogonium. Beberapa oogonium mulai berkembang menjadi oosit primer. Inti sel berbentuk bulat, berada di tengah dan dikelilingi oleh sitoplasma. Ukuran inti sel (nukleus) dan jumlah anak inti (nukleolus) selalu bertambah
II Berkembang
Ukuran ovarium lebih besar dan berwarna kekuningan. Ovarium berbentuk oval. Di bagian anterior ovarium berbentuk lekukan pendek. Butir telur butiran telur masih belum dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang. Diameter telur berkisar antara 0,25-0,75 mm. Ovarium menempati seperlima dari rongga tubuh
Oogonium sebagian besar telah berkembang menjadi oosit primer.. Kantung kuning telur mulai terbentuk di lapisan perifer sitoplasma (dekat membran sel). Proses ini disebut sebagai tahap awal vitellogenesis
III Dewasa
Ovarium berwarna kuning terang. Butir telur mulai terlihat oleh mata telanjang dengan diameter berukuran berkisar antara 0,375-1,20 mm dan hampir mengisi sepertiga dari rongga perut
Jumlah oosit primer semakin bertambah dan letaknya mendekati lumen ovarium. Di beberapa bagian masih tampak oogonium. Sebagian oosit sekunder telah berkembang menjai ootid. Butir kuning telur (yolk egg) dan vacuola minyak menyebar mulai dari inti sel mengarah ke tepi