Saran

V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.2. Saran

Penelitian ini sebaiknya dilakukan secara kontinyu pada tempat percobaan dan pohon sampel yang sama dalam waktu yang lebih lama karena pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi memerlukan waktu sekitar 2 – 3 tahun percobaan sehingga diperoleh hasil lebih akurat.

35

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Agus, F. dan I.G.M. Subiksa. 2008. Lahan Gambut: Potensi untuk Pertanian dan Aspek Lingkungan. Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor, Indonesia.

Badan Penelitian Tanah (Balittanah). 2005. Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air dan Pupuk. Balittanah, Bogor.

Erhabor, J.O. and G.C. Filson. 1999. Soil Fertility Changes Under an Oil Palm – Based Intercropping System. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 14(2/3):

45 – 61.

Jones Jr, J.B., B. Wolf, and H.A. Mills. 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook : a practical sampling, preparation, analysis, and interpretation guide.

Micro – Macro Publishing, Inc. 183 Paradise Blvd, Suite 108, Athens, Georgia 30607 USA.

Leiwakabessy, F.M. dan A. Sutandi. 2004. Pupuk dan Pemupukan. Departemen Ilmu Tanah. Fakultas Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Mangoensoekarjo, S. 2007. Manajemen Tanah dan Pemupukan Budidaya Perkebunan. Gadjah Mada University Press. 385p.

Mutert, E., T.H. Fairhust, dan H.R. Von Uexkull. 1991. Agronomic Management of Oil Palm on Deep Peat. Better Crops International. 13(1): 22 – 27.

Ng, S.K. dan S. Thamboo. 1967. Nutrient Contents of Oil Palms in Malaysia. I.

Nutrients in Reproductive Tissue Fruits Bunches and Male Inflorescence.

Malay Agric. Jour. 46: 3 – 5.

Noor, M. 2001. Pertanian Lahan Gambut: Potensi dan Kendala. Penerbit Kanisius. Jakarta.

Okuda and E. Takahasi. 1962. Studies on physicological role of silicon in crop plant (part 6): Effect of silicon on iron uptake by rice plant and oxidase power or root. J. Sci. Soil. Manure. Japan. 33: 59 – 64.

Pahan, I. 2008. Panduan Lengkap Kelapa Sawit. Cetakan 5. Penebar Swadaya.

Jakarta. 412 hal.

Rachim. J. A. 1995. Pengaruh Kation-kation Polivalen dalam Kaitannya dengan Ketersediaan Fosfat untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Jagung pada Tanah Gambut. Desertasi. Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 2005. User Guide. Edition 9. SAS Institute Inc.

USA.

Suwandi, A. Panjaitan dan A.U. Lubis. 1989. Manajemen Pemupukan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Dalam A.U. Lubis et al. (Eds) Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). PPP Marihat. p.191-200.

36

Suwarno and I. Goto. 1997. Effect of Indonesia electric furnace slag on the rice yield and chemical properties of soil. pp 803-804. In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment. Kluwer Academic Publisher.

Tjondronegoro, P. 1997. Silikat terlarut dalam tanah. Tesis program pasca sarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. 18 hal.

Trenkel, M.E. 2010. Slow and Controlled-Release and Stabilized Fertilizers: An Option for Enhancing Nutrient Efficiency in Agriculture. Second edition.

IFA Paris. France. 133 pp.

Von Uexkull, H.R. dan T.H. Fairhust. 1991. The Oil Palm : Fertilizer Management for High Yield. International Potash Institute, Berne, Switzerland.

……….. 1999. Some Nutritional Disorder in Oil Palm. Better Crops International. 13(1): 16 – 21.

37

LAMPIRAN

38 Lampiran 1. Hasil Pengamatan Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit Januari 2010

No. Kebun Blok

39

Lampiran 2. Hasil Pengamatan Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit Juli 2010

No. Kebun Blok

40

5 Ceria Prima P1 T0 (II) 340.5 126.25 70.25 36.25 3.54 6680 160 53.77 2244.90 5612.24 6 Ceria Prima P1 T0 (III) 318.25 112 67 33.25 2.74 6430 200 69.14 2222.85 5557.13 7 Ceria Prima P1 T1 (I) 421.75 128 71.25 38.5 3.86 10855 180 55.86 3368.67 8421.67 8 Ceria Prima P1 T1 (II) 360 120.5 71 36.5 3.44 7125 185 72.68 2799.16 6997.91 9 Ceria Prima P1 T1 (III) 317 108.75 74.5 35.75 3.19 4580 170 59.71 1608.66 4021.64 10 Ceria Prima P2 T0 (I) 337 113 74 41.25 3.79 8070 190 96.89 4115.28 10288.19 11 Ceria Prima P2 T0 (II) 380.75 123 77 38.25 3.98 7525 195 66.13 2551.94 6379.85 12 Ceria Prima P2 T0 (III) 325 112 68.5 31.5 2.66 5310 180 66.43 1959.69 4899.21 13 Ceria Prima P2 T1 (I) 374.5 114.75 74.25 34.25 3.21 6530 150 51.69 2250.24 5625.60 14 Ceria Prima P2 T1 (II) 333.25 115.5 69.25 33.5 2.95 6265 185 61.64 2087.43 5218.58 15 Ceria Prima P2 T1 (III) 387.75 129.75 77.5 43.25 4.78 9805 275 104.7 3733.03 9332.58 16 Ceria Prima P3 T0 (I) 350.75 107.5 74.5 35 3.08 5830 190 68.52 2102.48 5256.21 17 Ceria Prima P3 T0 (II) 362.25 120.5 73 35.75 3.46 7890 220 77.9 2793.78 6984.44 18 Ceria Prima P3 T0 (III) 418.25 137.25 72.125 41.25 4.49 11310 230 77.59 3815.40 9538.51 19 Ceria Prima P3 T1 (I) 348 119 75.25 38.25 3.77 6105 195 73.76 2309.26 5773.14 20 Ceria Prima P3 T1 (II) 381 131.5 73.375 40.75 4.33 9920 120 44.03 3639.81 9099.53 21 Ceria Prima P3 T1 (III) 389 129 79 40.75 4.57 9355 285 94.18 3091.42 7728.54 22 Ceria Prima P4 T0 (I) 350 116.75 72.625 34.5 3.22 5820 180 73.28 2369.39 5923.47 23 Ceria Prima P4 T0 (II) 387.5 130.75 75 41.25 4.45 8015 195 63.13 2594.80 6487.01 24 Ceria Prima P4 T0 (III) 363 119.25 74.5 39.5 3.86 7940 240 85.04 2813.41 7033.52 25 Ceria Prima P4 T1 (I) 321.25 113 68.375 35.5 3.02 5750 140 47 1930.36 4825.89 26 Ceria Prima P4 T1 (II) 344.5 108.5 77 34.5 3.17 6080 150 52.23 2117.06 5292.64 27 Ceria Prima P4 T1 (III) 356 118.5 71.125 41 3.80 8460 200 73.42 3105.67 7764.17 28 Ceria Prima P5 T0 (I) 361.5 115.5 75 38.75 3.69 7380 160 63.84 2944.62 7361.55 29 Ceria Prima P5 T0 (II) 388 129.75 74.5 39 4.15 7950 220 80.67 2915.12 7287.80 30 Ceria Prima P5 T0 (III) 347.5 118.25 68.5 37.75 3.36 6645 145 51.96 2381.20 5953.00

41

31 Ceria Prima P5 T1 (I) 381.75 127.75 75 44.75 4.72 8345 295 99.82 2823.72 7059.30 32 Ceria Prima P5 T1 (II) 371 127.5 73.5 42 4.33 8050 190 76.27 3231.44 8078.60 33 Ceria Prima P5 T1 (III) 387 122.5 77 38.75 4.02 7340 200 71.62 2628.45 6571.14

Lampiran 3. Hasil Produksi Kelapa Sawit.

No

Januari 2010 Juli 2010

Bobot

42

14 Ceria Prima P2 T1 (II) 669.23 5981.24 5.98 153 1367.44 4.37 1128.31 10084.27 10.08 206 1841.13 5.48 15 Ceria Prima P2 T1 (III) 548.53 4902.49 4.90 126 1126.13 4.35 959.73 8577.59 8.58 178 1590.88 5.39 16 Ceria Prima P3 T0 (I) 661.86 5915.37 5.92 134 1197.63 4.94 918.23 8206.68 8.21 166 1483.63 5.53 17 Ceria Prima P3 T0 (II) 698.50 6242.84 6.24 143 1278.06 4.88 975.43 8717.91 8.72 181 1617.69 5.39 18 Ceria Prima P3 T0 (III) 748.56 6690.26 6.69 160 1430.00 4.68 1035.61 9255.76 9.26 201 1796.44 5.15 19 Ceria Prima P3 T1 (I) 693.28 6196.19 6.20 154 1376.38 4.50 825.70 7379.69 7.38 155 1385.31 5.33 20 Ceria Prima P3 T1 (II) 760.03 6792.77 6.79 167 1492.56 4.55 1158.87 10357.40 10.36 227 2028.81 5.11 21 Ceria Prima P3 T1 (III) 797.64 7128.91 7.13 161 1438.94 4.95 837.75 7487.39 7.49 168 1501.50 4.99 22 Ceria Prima P4 T0 (I) 734.52 6564.77 6.56 160 1430.00 4.59 777.70 6950.69 6.95 149 1331.69 5.22 23 Ceria Prima P4 T0 (II) 825.82 7380.77 7.38 162 1447.88 5.10 955.33 8538.26 8.54 182 1626.63 5.25 24 Ceria Prima P4 T0 (III) 718.39 6420.61 6.42 164 1465.75 4.38 1022.05 9134.57 9.13 180 1608.75 5.68 25 Ceria Prima P4 T1 (I) 654.01 5845.21 5.85 146 1304.88 4.48 1090.29 9744.47 9.74 199 1778.56 5.48 26 Ceria Prima P4 T1 (II) 663.11 5926.55 5.93 146 1304.88 4.54 1019.75 9114.02 9.11 190 1698.13 5.37 27 Ceria Prima P4 T1 (III) 710.80 6352.78 6.35 150 1340.63 4.74 934.50 8352.09 8.35 181 1617.69 5.16 28 Ceria Prima P5 T0 (I) 675.10 6033.71 6.03 147 1313.81 4.59 979.23 8751.87 8.75 175 1564.06 5.60 29 Ceria Prima P5 T0 (II) 654.87 5852.90 5.85 153 1367.44 4.28 1034.10 9242.27 9.24 190 1698.13 5.44 30 Ceria Prima P5 T0 (III) 684.86 6120.94 6.12 152 1358.50 4.51 1107.94 9902.21 9.90 204 1823.25 5.43 31 Ceria Prima P5 T1 (I) 709.10 6337.58 6.34 154 1376.38 4.60 1024.15 9153.34 9.15 195 1742.81 5.25 32 Ceria Prima P5 T1 (II) 669.12 5980.26 5.98 137 1224.44 4.88 971.63 8683.94 8.68 176 1573.00 5.52 33 Ceria Prima P5 T1 (III) 643.65 5752.62 5.75 136 1215.50 4.73 934.55 8352.54 8.35 180 1608.75 5.19

43

Lampiran 4. Bobot Janjang Rata-rata (BJR) Kelapa Sawit.

No. Kebun Blok bobot

44

Lampiran 5. Hasil Analisis Laboratorium Kadar Hara N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn dan Serapan N, P, K

PERLAKUAN ULANGAN

Kadar Unsur Hara Serapan Unsur Hara

Kadar N

45

3 2.17 0.137 1.244 2.279 3.599 7 19 1.750 0.039 0.959

P4T0 1 1.89 0.144 0.964 1.928 3.476 8 12 1.811 0.116 1.004

2 2.205 0.137 1.091 1.841 2.999 8 13 1.787 0.116 0.985

3 2.17 0.137 0.863 1.578 3.929 7 12 1.569 0.077 0.982

P4T1 1 2.1 0.144 0.761 1.461 3.748 6 12 1.643 0.194 0.906

2 2.1 0.137 1.320 1.432 3.87 6 14 1.855 0.348 0.672

3 1.89 0.129 1.345 1.344 3.353 7 21 1.745 0.116 0.930

P5T0 1 2.135 0.137 1.091 1.023 3.997 7 13 1.492 0.231 1.031

2 2.135 0.144 1.066 1.139 3.928 10 12 1.888 0.193 0.852

3 2.1 0.152 1.066 0.935 3.447 8 11 1.497 0.309 0.930

P5T1 1 2.24 0.144 1.066 1.256 3.626 8 26 1.535 0.116 1.139

2 1.925 0.167 1.066 0.847 3.657 8 19 1.883 0.308 1.134

3 2.24 0.137 1.269 1.11 3.709 13 22 1.604 0.077 1.189

Contoh perhitungan: kadar N dalam daun kelapa sawit Kadar N (%) = (Vc – Vb) x N x 14 x 50/20 x100/500 x fk 

Vc : ml titar contoh Vb : ml titar blanko

N : normalitas larutan baku ( 0.1 N) 14 : bobot setara Nitrogen

fk : faktor koreksi kadar air = 100/(100 - % kadar air) 100 : konversi ke %

46

Kadar P (%) = ppm kurva x ml ekstrak/1000 ml x 100/mg contoh x B.A. P/B.M.

PO4 x fp x fk

= ppm kurva x (50/1000) x (100/500) x (31/95) x 10 x fk

= 13.95 x (1/100) x (31/95) x (10) x 1.01

= 0.464

ppm kurva = kadar contoh yang didapat dari kurva hubungan antara kadar deret standar dengan pembacaannya setelah dikoreksi blanko.

100 = konversi ke %

1000 = faktor konversi ke ppm (mg kg^-1) fp = faktor pengenceran

fk = faktor koreksi kadar air = 100/(100 - % kadar air) Kadar K (%) = ppm kurva x (50/1000) x (100/500) x fp x fk

= 13.95 x (1/100) x 10 x 1.02

= 1.035

ppm kurva = kadar contoh yang didapat dari kurva hubungan antara kadar deret standar dengan pembacaannya setelah dikoreksi blanko.

100 = konversi ke %

1000 = faktor konversi ke ppm (mg kg^-1) fp = faktor pengenceran

fk = faktor koreksi kadar air = 100/(100 - % kadar air)

Contoh perhitungan: Serapan Hara N Tanaman Kelapa Sawit.

Serapan N (g/10 plph/pokok) = Serapan N (%) x BKM 10 plph

= 1.963 % x 6622.304 g

= 130 g/10 plph/pokok.

47

Lampiran 6. Analisis Sidik Ragam Kadar Hara Daun Kelapa Sawit Dependent Variable: N

48

Lampiran 7. Analisis Sidik Ragam Serapan Hara Kelapa Sawit Dependent Variable: N

49

Lampiran 8. Analisis Sidik Ragam Panjang Pelepah dan Luas Daun Kelapa Sawit Dependent Variable: PP (I)

R-Square C.V. PP(I) Mean 0.421 6.299 348.015

Source DF Anova SS F Value Pr > F

P 5 3254.722 1.35 0.2793

T 1 888.731 1.85 0.1877

P*T 4 3548.831 1.85 0.1560

Dependent Variable: PP (II)

R-Square C.V. PP (II) Mean 0.316 7.474 362.098

Source DF Anova SS F Value Pr > F

P 5 3665.899 1.00 0.4403

T 1 218.409 0.30 0.5905

P*T 4 3547.809 1.21 0.3345

Dependent Variable: LD (I)

R-Square C.V. LD (I) Mean

0.516 13.888 3.314

Source DF Anova SS F Value Pr > F

P 5 3.222 3.04 0.0309*

T 1 0.622 2.94 0.1006

P*T 4 1.134 1.34 0.2872

Dependent Variable: LD (II)

R-Square C.V. LD (II) Mean

0.376 15.439 3.731

Source DF Anova SS F Value Pr > F

P 5 2.725 1.64 0.1905

T 1 0.175 0.53 0.4754

P*T 4 1.504 1.13 0.3668

50

Lampiran 9. Analisis Ragam Jumlah Tandan dan Bobot Janjang Rata-rata (BJR) Kelapa Sawit

Dependent Variable: JT (I)

R-Square C.V. JT (I) Mean 0.395 6.673 150.697

Source DF Anova SS F Value Pr > F

P 5 249.970 0.49 0.7769

T 1 241.536 2.39 0.1365

P*T 4 240.199 1.38 0.0832

Dependent Variable: JT (II)

R-Square C.V. JT (II) Mean

0.256 13.353 185.788

Source DF Anova SS F Value Pr > F

P 5 3226.515 1.05 0.4148

T 1 71.471 0.12 0.7365

P*T 4 1371.529 0.56 0.6960

Dependent Variable: BJR

R-Square C.V. BJR Mean 0.670 3.072 4.937

Source DF Anova SS F Value Pr > F

P 5 1.085 9.43 <0.0001**

T 1 0.008 0.36 0.5538

P*T 4 0.087 0.94 0.4575

III P3T0 P3T1 P4T1 P4T0 P2T1 P5T1 P2T0 P1T1 P1T0 P5T0 P0T0

II P3T1 P4T0 P1T1 P0T0 P5T0 P5T1 P3T0 P2T0 P2T1 P4T1 P1T0

I P1T1 P5T1 P4T0 P2T0 P1T0 P0T0 P3T0 P5T0 P3T1 P4T1 P2T1

Lampiran 10. Tata Letak Petak Percobaan

51

Lampiran 11. Kenampakan Visual Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Tanpa Terak Baja

52

Lampiran 12. Kenampakan Visual Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Dengan Perlakuan Terak Baja

53

Lampiran 13. Kenampakan Visual Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Perlakuan Standar