Saran

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

B. Saran

1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang optimasi proses pembuatan krim sunscreen fraksi etil asetat daun jambu biji, meliputi lama pencampuran, kecepatan putar mixer, dan suhu pencampuran.

2. Perlu dilakukan studi mengenai kapasitas surfaktan terhadap lama penyimpanan sehingga krim sunscreen fraksi etil asetat daun jambu biji yang dihasilkan lebih stabil.

56

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59

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Ekstrak daun jambu biji

a. Ekstrak daun jambu biji

b. Fraksi n-heksan

Fase n-heksan

c. Fraksi etil asetat

d. Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT)

Standar kuersetin

Fase etil asetat

Fase air

Fase etil asetat

Fase air

Fase Diam = Silika Gel GF 254 Fase Gerak = Etil Asetat : Asam Asetat : Asam Format : Air (100:11:11:26)

Lampiran 2. Data hasil orientasi Carbopol 940 dan Span 80 1. Orientasi Carbopol 940 a. Viskositas b. Daya sebar 70.0 170.0 270.0 370.0 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 Vis k o sit a s (d.P a .s ) Carbopol 940 (g)

Pengaruh Penambahan Carbopol 940

terhadap Viskositas Krim Sunscreen

Viskositas 2.5 4 5.5 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 Da y a Seba r (cm ) Carbopol 940 (g)

Pengaruh Penambahan Carbopol 940

terhadap Daya Sebar Krim Sunscreen

2. Orientasi Span 80 a. Viskositas b. Daya sebar 20.0 60.0 100.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 Vis k o sit a s (d.P a .s ) Span 80 (mL)

Pengaruh Penambahan Span 80 terhadap

Viskositas Krim Sunscreen

viskositas 3 5.5 0 5 10 15 Da y a S ebar ( cm ) Span 80 (mL)

Pengaruh Penambahan Span 80

terhadap Daya Sebar Krim Sunscreen

Lampiran 3. Perhitungan nilai SPF a) Fraksi etil asetat daun jambu biji

Panjang Gelombang Absorbansi AUC

290 nm 3,323 15,9225 295 nm 3,046 14,6275 300 nm 2,805 13,4325 305 nm 2,568 12,3675 310 nm 2,379 11,3125 315 nm 2,146 10,37 320 nm 2,002 9,8725 325 nm 1,947 9,71 330 nm 1,937 9,8625 335 nm 2,008 10,1225 340 nm 2,041 10,445 345 nm 2,137 10,79 350 nm 2,179 11,0225 355 nm 2,230 11,0175 360 nm 2,177 10,6375 365 nm 2,078 9,8775 370 nm 1,873 8,81 375 nm 1,651 7,535 380 nm 1,363 6,105 385 nm 1,079 4,73 390 nm 0,813 3,5425 395 nm 0,604 2,55 400 nm 0,416 1,7625 405 nm 0,289 1,2325 410 nm 0,204 0,8825 415 nm 0,149 0,645 420 nm 0,109 0,475 425 nm 0,081 0,3725 430 nm 0,068 0,335 435 nm 0,066 0,3125 440 nm 0,059 0,2625 445 nm 0,046 450 nm 0,030 455 nm 0,016 AUC 220,9425 Log SPF 1,4254 SPF 26,6339

b) Sediaan krim sunscreen

Replikasi I

Panjang gelombang Absorbansi EE x I EE x I x Abs

290 nm 1,370 0,0150 0,02055 295 nm 1,325 0,0812 0.1082525 300 nm 1,288 0,2874 0,3701712 305 nm 1,254 0,3278 0,4110612 310 nm 1,226 0,1864 0,2285264 315 nm 1,194 0,0839 0,1001766 320 nm 1,163 0,0180 0,020934 EE x I x Abs 1,2596719 SPF 12,596719 Replikasi II Panjang gelombang Absorbansi EE x I EE x I x Abs 290 nm 1,287 0,0150 0,019305 295 nm 1,244 0,0812 0,1016348 300 nm 1,217 0,2874 0,34939218 305 nm 1,182 0,3278 0,3874596 310 nm 1,161 0,1864 0,2164104 315 nm 1,136 0,0839 0,0953104 320 nm 1,111 0,0180 0,019998 EE x I x Abs 1,18951038 SPF 11,8951038 Replikasi III

Panjang gelombang Absorbansi EE x I EE x I x Abs

290 nm 1,133 0,0150 0,01695 295 nm 1,094 0,0812 0,093798 300 nm 1,061 0,2874 0,3049314 305 nm 1,039 0,3278 0,3405842 310 nm 1,001 0,1864 0,1865846 315 nm 0,968 0,0839 0,0812152 320 nm 0,943 0,0180 0,016974 EE x I x Abs 1,0410842 SPF 10,410842

Lampiran 4. Uji SPF

Pemanasan krim Ekstraksi cair-cair

Lampiran 5. Uji Iritasi

a. Blanko pembanding (etanol 70%)

Sebelum perlakuan Setelah perlakuan Fase etil asetat

b. Sediaan krim sunscreen Replikasi I

Sebelum perlakuan Setelah perlakuan Replikasi II

Sebelum perlakuan Setelah perlakuan

Replikasi III

Lampiran 6. Uji Sifat Fisik dan Stabilitas Fisik Krim Sunscreen a. Uji organoleptis dan pH

Kriteria F1 Fa Fb Fab

Warna putih putih Putih Putih

Bau khas khas khas khas

pH 5 5 5 5

b. Uji daya sebar (cm)

Formula Replikasi Rata-rata ± SD I II III F1 4,00 4,25 4,08 4,11±0,13 Fa 4,83 4,88 4,78 4,83±0,05 Fb 3,38 3,40 3,30 3,36±0,05 Fab 5,00 5,28 5,00 5,09±0,16

c. Uji viskositas (d.Pa.s)

Formula Replikasi Rata-rata ± SD I II III F1 250,0 255,0 245,0 250,0±5,0 Fa 70,0 70,0 75,0 71,7±2,9 Fb 405,0 400,0 390,0 398,3±7,6 Fab 90,0 110,0 100,0 100,0±10,0

d. Pergeseran viskositas (d.Pa.s)

Rumus untuk menghitung pergeseran viskositas krim sunscreen : Pergeseran Viskositas =

Formula Replikasi Rata-rata ± SD I II III F1 10,0 8,6 11,0 9,9±1,2 Fa 28,6 28,6 26,7 27,9±1,1 Fb 25,9 27,5 20,5 24,6±3,7 Fab 11,1 27,3 10,0 16,1±9,7

Lampiran 7. Hasil pengolahan data dengan software R-12.4.1 1. Daya sebar

a. Uji normalitas dengan Shapiro-Wilk

Formula 1

Formula a

b. Uji kruskal-Wallis

c. Uji Wilcoxon two sample

Formula ab

Formula 1 : Formula ab

2. Viskositas

a. Uji normalitas dengan Shapiro-Wilk

Formula 1

Formula a Formula b : Formula ab

b. Uji Kruskal-Wallis

c. Uji Wilcoxon two sample

Formula b

Formula ab

Formula 1 : Formula b

Formula 1 : Formula ab

Formula a : Formula ab Formula a : Formula b

3. Pergeseran viskositas

a. Uji normalitas dengan Shapiro-Wilk

Formula b Formula 1

Formula a Formula b : Formula ab

b. Uji Kruskal-Wallis

Lampiran 8. Dokumentasi

Daun jambu biji serbuk daun jambu biji Formula ab

Proses maserasi Rotary evaporator

Formula a hari ke-2 Formula a hari ke-30

Formula ab hari ke-2 Formula ab hari ke-30

Formula 1 hari ke-2 Formula 1 hari ke-30

Mixer

79

BIOGRAFI PENULIS

Penulis bernama lengkap Sevy Merisca, lahir di Jakarta, 25 September 1992. Penulis adalah anak kedua dari tiga bersaudara, dari pasangan Fendi dan Merry. Penulis menempuh pendidikan formal di TK BPS&K VI (1997-1998), SD BPS&K VI (1998-2004), SMP Strada Bhakti Wiyata (2004-2007), SMAN 2 Bekasi (2007-2010). Pada tahun 2010, penulis melanjutkan kuliah program S1 di Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. Selama kuliah penulis pernah menjadi asisten praktikum Biokimia tahun ajaran 2011/2012, asisten praktikum Farmakognosi Fitokimia tahun ajaran 2011/2012. Penulis juga pernah menjadi bendahara pada Pharmacy Performance 2012, anggota dari Divisi Advokasi Dewan Perwakilan Mahasiswa Fakultas Farmasi, dan bendahara pada Bakti Sosial 2010.