1. Untuk lebih mengidentifikasi profil temperatur pembakaran briket sebaiknya dilakukan analisis termogravimetri sehingga dapat dilihat fasa devolatilisasi secara jelas serta fasa pembakaran char dengan melihat pengurangan massa briket.
pembakaran briket sebaiknya dilakukan analisis FTIR sehingga terlihat jelas senyawa apa saja yang terlibat dalam pembakaran (devolatilisasi dan pembakaran char).
3. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, dapat menggunakan komposisi biomassa – batubara yang sesuai dengan hasil penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan waktu ignisi yang relatif cepat serta emisi CO yang relatif rendah.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
(IEA), I. E. (2009). World Energy Outlook. Paris: rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France.
Ayling, A., & Smith, I. (1972). Measured temperatures of burning pulverised-fuel particles, and the nature of the primary reaction product. Combustion and Flame Vol. 18 , 173-184.
Beck, N., & Hayhurst, A. (1990). The early stages of the combustion of pulverized coal at high temperatures I : The kinetics of devolatilisation.
Combustion and Flame Vol. 79 , 47-74.
Bhattacharya, S. (2001). A Study on Improved Biomass Briquetting”. Dipetik Februari 20, 2010, dari http://www.retsasia.ait.ac.th
Biagini, E., & Lippi, F. (2002). Devolatilization Rate of biomasses and coal-biomass blends : an experimental investigation. Fuel Vol. 81 , 1041-1050.
Blasi, C. d. (2009). Combustion and Gasification rates of lignocellulosic chars.
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science Vol. 35 , 121-140.
Borowski, G. (2006). Possibilities of Utilization of Energy Briquettes. Dipetik Maret 3, 2010, dari http://eeeic.eu/proc/papers/74.pdf
Chaney, J. O. (2006). An Experimental Study of The Combustion Characteristic of Low Density Biomass Briquettes (diakses 3 Maret 2010). Dipetik Maret 3, 2010, dari http://www.ewbuk.org/system/files/Joel+Chaney+report_0.pdf Chigier, N. (1981). Energy, Combustion, and Environment. United States: Mc
Graw Hill, Inc.
Chin, O. (2000). Characteristics of some biomass briquettes prepared under modest die pressures. Biomass and Energy Vol.18 , 223-228.
Devnarain, P. (2002). Production of Activated Carbon from Suth African Sugarcane Bagasse. African Sugar Technology Vol.76 , 477-489.
Suitable Binder for Spent Mushroom Compost-Coal Tailing Pellets. Energy and Fuels Vol.23 , 3195-3202.
Fisafarani, H. (2010). Identifikasi Karakteristik Sumber Daya Biomasa dan Pengembangan Pelet Biomasa di Indonesia. Depok: Skripsi Program Sarjana Fakultas Teknik UI.
Grotkjaer, T., & Johansen, K.-D. (2003). An experimental study of biomass ignition. Fuel Vol.82 , 825-833.
Grover, P., & Mishra, S. (1996). BIOMASS BRIQUETTING: TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICES. Bangkok, Thailand. April 1996. FAO Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia. Bangkok: FAO.
Gupta, M. (2003). Spesific heat and thermal conductivity of softwood bark and softwood char particles. Fuel Vol. 82 , 919-927.
Indarti. (2001). Regional Seminar on Commercialization of Biomass Technology.
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and The Pacific (hal. 5-6).
Guangzhou: COUNTRY PAPER INDONESIA.
Isobe, Y. (2005). MEASUREMENT OF INDOOR SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSION.
Kaliyan, J. (2010). Natural binders and solid bridge type binding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from corn stover and switchgrass. Bioresource Technology Vol.101 , 1082-1090.
Kim, H. (2002). Binding and Desulfurization Characteristics of Pulp Black Liquor in Biocoalbriquettes. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol. 36 , 1607-1612.
Koestoer. (1997). Studi Tentang Batubara Indonesia: Potensi, Teknologi, dan Prospek Pemanfaatanya. Depok: Laboratorium Perpindahan Kalor FTUI.
Lau, C., & Niksa. (1992). The combustion of individual particles of various coal types,. Combustion and Flame Vol.90 , 45-70.
Lestari, D. E. (2009). Perancangan Bahan Bakar Biomassa dengan Heating Value Tinggi dan Emisi Rendah untuk Masyarakat Urban. Depok: Skripsi S1 Reguler DTK FTUI.
Lu, G. (2000). Experimental Study on Combustion and Pollutant Control of Biobriquette. Energy & Fuels Vol.14 , 1133-1138.
Removal in Aqueous Systems. American Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 72 , 321-326.
Makino, A. (1992). Drag coefficient of a slowly moving carbon particle undergoing combustion. Combustion Science and Technology Vol. 81 , 169-192.
Miguel, J. (2000). Technology to produce high energy biomass briquettes. Dipetik Maret 3, 2010, dari http://www.techtp.com/Technologybriquettes.pdf
N.E., A. (2001). Effect of Different Binders on The Combustion Properties of Sub bituminuose. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Vol. 65 , 787-795.
Purwanto, W., Nugroho, Y., & Supramono, D. (2006). Indonesia Energy Outlook And Statistics . Jakarta: Pengkajian Energi UI.
RIPEBAT. (1997). Master plan of new and renewable energy Report. Jakarta:
Directorate of Electricity and Energy Utilization, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia.
Robert, K. F. (2009). Pretreatment for energy use of rice straw: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4 , 1560-1565.
Samuelson, R. (2006). Comparison of different methods for determination of moisture content in biomass. Biomass dan Bionergy Vol. 30 , 929-934.
Scott, S. (2007). The devolatilisation of particles of a complex fuel (dried sewage sludge) in a fluidised bed. Chemical Engineering Science Vol.62 , 548-598.
Senneca, O. (2007). Kinetics of pyrolysis, combustion and gasification of three biomass fuels. Fuel Processing Technology Vol.88 , 87-97.
Singh, R. (2009). Biobriquettes-an Alternative Fuel for Sustainable Development.
Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 10 , 121-127.
Slifka, A. (1998). Thermal Conductivity of Magnesium Oxide from Absolute Steady State Measurements. National Institute of Standart Technology Vol.
103 , 357-363.
Smoot, L. (1991). Fossil Fuel Combustion: A Source Book. Wiley-Interscience.
Subroto. (2006). Karakteristik Pembakaran Biobriket. Media Mesin Vol. 7 , 47-54.
Suparin, C. (2007). Development of Fuel Briquettes from Biomass-Sub bituminuose Blends. Chiang Mai J. Sci Vol.35 , 43-50.
Jurnal Energi , 1-10.
Suprapto, M. (2005). Innovative Financing to Promote Bio Coal Briquette as An Alternative Fuel in Indonesia. Bonn.
Thurgood, J., & Smoot, L. (1979). Pulverised Coal Combustion and Gasification.
New york: Plenum.
Vassilev, S. V. (2010). An overview of the chemical composition of biomass.
Fuels Vol.89 , 913-933.
Walker, P., Rusinko, F., & Austin, L. (1959). Gas Reaction of Carbon. Advances in Catalysis Vol. 11 , 133.
Watanabe, I. (1996). Studies Integrated Control Techniques for Precursors of Acid Precipitation in South-Eastern Region in China.
Wilaipon, P. (2008). Density Equation of Bio-Coal Briquettes. American Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 4 , 995-998.
Williams, A., & Pourkashanian, M. (2000). Combustion and Gasification of Coal.
United Kingdom: Department of Fuel and Energy.
Yamada, K. (2008). Abatement of indoor air pollution achieved with coal–
biomass household. Atmospheric Environment Vol. 42 , 7924-7930.
Yilgin, M., & Pehlivan, D. (2009). Volatiles and Char Combustion Rates of demineralised lignite and wood blends. Applied Energy Vol.86 , 1179-1186.
Zhou, S. (2007). Prospect of briquetting biomass fuel by forest residues in Tibet.
Korean J. Chem. Eng Vol.24 , 170-174.
LAMPIRAN E DATA REKAM WAKTU DAN TEMPERATUR PEMBAKARAN
LAMPIRAN F PERHITUNGAN AIR FUEL RATIO