Bab 2 Kondisi dan Permasalahan Energi Saat Ini / Current Energy Conditions and Issues
2.6 Kebijakan Energi Terkini / Recent Energy Policy
2.6.5 Subsidi Energi / Energy Subsidy
Sampai tahun 2014 sebagian pemanfaatan energi di Indonesia masih disubsidi, antara lain bensin premium,
minyak solar, biofuel untuk transportasi, minyak tanah
untuk konsumen tertentu, paket LPG tabung 3 kg, dan listrik untuk konsumen tertentu.
Selama beberapa tahun subsidi energi terus meningkat. Pada tahun 2012 subsidi energi sebesar 306,5 triliun rupiah meningkat menjadi 453,3 triliun rupiah di 2014 pada tingkat 23% per tahun. Realisasi subsidi energi selalu lebih besar dari anggaran yang dialokasikan, yang membuktikan bahwa kuota volume BBM bersubsidi yang dialokasikan selalu kurang dari realisasi.
label including saving rate (lumen/watt) in accordance
with applicable standards. The aixing of energy sign label on the lamp swaballast will beneit consumers for knowing
the quality of the purchased swaballast lamps. MEMR also established Regulation 07/2015 on the application of
minimum energy performance standards and aixing energy
for air conditioning devices. MEMR Regulation 07/2015 also
includes energy eiciency ratio (with a minimum limit of 8.53). The energy-saving sign label aixing must meet the
requirements stipulated in the regulation.
Recent policy on the potential use of eicient technologies in the industrial sector is speciied in Government Regulation
14/2015 about National Industrial Development Master Plan (RIPIN) from 2015 to 2035. Government Regulation 14/2015 is structured as mandated by Law 3/2014 on Industry. Government Regulation 14/2015 also arranged
the potential use of the eicient technology roadmap in the
10 prioroty groups of industry to be developed until 2035. RIPIN outlining the potential of industrial development in some areas, targeting industrial growth, production plans, the potential use of technology, and more. Description of
energy eiciency of eicient technologies utilization needs
to be elaborated in the lower regulation.
2.6.5 Energy Subsidy
Until 2014, most energy utilization in Indonesia is still subsidized, including gasoline, diesel, biofuels for transport, kerosene for certain consumers, 3 kg package of LPG, and electricity for certain consumers.
For several years, energy subsidies continue to increase. In 2012, energy subsidies amounted to 306.5 trillion rupiah increased to 453.3 trillion rupiah in 2014 at the growth rate of 23% per year. Realization of energy subsidies is always greater than the allocated budget, which proves that the allocated volume quota of subsidized oil fuel is always less than the realization.
Current Energy Conditions and Issues
25
2015 INDONESIA ENERGY OUTLOOK
In accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 191/2014, on the supply, distribution and retail price of oil fuel, subsidy is granted to particular fuels such as kerosene for the region that has not been converted LPG, small businesses,
ishermen and others, while diesel oil for transportation and small businesses receive ixed subsidies that currently set on
1000 rupiah per liter.
Seeing the amount of subsidies, especially since it is increasing the burden of state budget, the government eventually reduce the amount of energy subsidies to make a
concession to the iscal space for the allocation of funds for
the implementation of more useful development programs.
In iscal year 2015 subsidy control policies is implemented,
especially energy subsidies through price adjustment policy
of fuel oil and electricity tarifs, as well as the volume of
subsidized oil fuel. The strategies taken by the Government to reduce the burden of energy subsidies include:
• Removing or reducing oil fuel and electricity subsidies
by increasing price of oil fuel and the electricity tarif to
reach the economic price level.
• Substituting oil fuel with biofuels to reduce oil fuel imports.
• Developing urban mass transportation either busses,
electric railways, Mass Rapid Transportation (MRT) and Light Rail Transportation (LRT).
• Replacing diesel train with electric train throughout
Indonesia.
• Encouraging the use of CNG in urban public transport,
and service vehicles.
• Encouraging the use of gas both with the development
of gas pipelines and LNG regasiication facility provision to facilitate the distribution of gas to a speciic area.
Sesuai dengan Peraturan Presiden No. 191 Tahun 2014, tentang penyediaan, pendistribusian dan harga jual eceran bahan bakar minyak maka subsidi diberikan untuk bahan bakar tertentu yaitu minyak tanah untuk wilayah yang belum terkonversi LPG, usaha kecil, nelayan kecil dan lain lain, sementara minyak solar untuk transportasi dan usaha kecil memperoleh subsidi tetap yang saat ini ditetapkan 1000 rupiah per liter.
Karena besaran subsidi, khususnya subsidi energi makin membebani anggaran belanja negara, maka Pemerintah akhirnya mengurangi besaran subsidi energi agar ruang iskal lebih longgar untuk alokasi dana bagi pelaksanaan program pembangunan yang lebih bermanfaat.
Pada tahun anggaran 2015 dilaksanakan kebijakan pengendalian subsidi, khususnya subsidi energi melalui kebijakan penyesuaian harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM) bersubsidi dan tarif dasar listrik, serta volume konsumsi BBM bersubsidi. Strategi yang diambil oleh Pemerintah untuk mengurangi beban subsidi energi antara lain adalah:
• Menghapus atau mengurangi subsidi BBM dan listrik
dengan menaikkan harga BBM bersubsidi serta menaikkan tarif dasar listrik sampai mencapai tingkat harga keekonomiannya.
• Substitusi BBM dengan bahan bakar nabati untuk
mengurangi impor BBM.
• Pengembangan transportasi masal perkotaan baik
berupa bus, KRL, Mass Rapid Transportation (MRT)
maupun Kereta Rel Ringan (LRT).
• Menggantikan kereta rel diesel dengan kereta rel
listrik diseluruh Indonesia.
• Penggunaan CNG pada kendaraan umum perkotaan,
dan kendaraan dinas.
• Mendorong penggunaan gas dalam negeri baik
dengan pengembangan pipa gas dan penyediaan fasilitas regasiikasi LNG untuk memudahkan distribusi gas ke wilayah tertentu.