Natural resources management to deliver Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
3. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) The alignment of Indonesian development planning
and SDGs, can be explained that Indonesia has four pillar development, i.e. environment, social, economic, law and governance. Management of natural resources, water security, soil and biodiversity conservation are part of environment goals. For mainstreaming of SDGs into National Development Agenda were implemented through three steps, were (1) SDGs Roadmap as planning document of strategic steps to achieve SDGs 2016-2030, (2) National Action Plan as planning document to achieve SDGs for National Level, (3) Preparing Planning Document to achieve SDGs for Sub-national Level (Yusuf, 2016).
Indonesia is highly committed to implement SDGs.
The substance and objective of SDGs (Dinpanah and Lashgarara, 2008; Bich et al., 2020; Shubhra and Palwal, 2019) are in line with "Nawacita" (Indonesia's national development vision), National Long Term Development Plan (RPJPN) 2005-2025 and the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015-2019. The same commitment to jointly implement SDGs by all countries in the world is essential to eradicate poverty, promote shared prosperity and improve environmental quality. Issues of poverty, welfare, and environmental quality are common challenges to be faced globally as one planet.
Therefore, one of the main necessary conditions to achieve SDGs is an enabling situation that should be created jointly: a global peace, security and stability.
Goals, targets, and indicators of SDGs that have been agreed are continuation and expansion of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were implemented in 2000-2015. Indonesia is also highly committed to the 2017 VNR. The theme of 2017 VNR is "Eradicating
poverty and promoting prosperity in a changing world". In preparing the VNR, all of the four participation platforms are involved, i.e, government (Minister of National Development Planning, 2017), civil society organizations (Starbird et al., 2016), philantrophy and business society (Sahaa et al., 2018; Lal, 2020), academics and experts (Keesstra et al., 2016; Xiao et al., 2018). To meet the Sustainable Development Goals, the Increasing distribution and connectivity of other regions are one of the Indonesian government programme. The government, aware of each region’s potential and comparative advantages, has put connectivity and specialisation to manage natural resources at the heart of the Master Plan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development 2011-2025 (Dutu, 2015).
Although the government has already implemented implemented SDGs to national program; however, some new strategy requires to be implemented to
‘localize’ the global goals, i.e. (1) optimizing the current technocratic framework of SDGs implementation; (2) establishing guidelines for a sustainable development framework at provincial and district/city level; (3) incorporating insights from civil society, industry, and a range of non-state actors who work on sustainability, establishing a forum for their participation in the SDGs implementation processes; and (4) establishing a policy network to measure the implementation of the SDGs at the national and subnational levels by incorporating the insights of non-state actors (Agussalim et al., 2019).
Main challenges of implementing SDGs, are (1) Involvement of all parties in a process to establish mutual trust, (2) Developing database system for aligned indicators as well as indicators that will be developed, (3) Disaggregating of the 241 SDGs indicators by gender, age group, geographic location, income level, disability, and migration status (Yusuf , 2016).
CONCLUSION
The Indonesian government has implemented the natural resources management planning that alignment with SDGs programme, through (1) integrated water resources management program to store water during the rainy season and serve water during the dry season; (2) afforestation programme to prevent runoff, sedimentation and soil erosion; (3) agroforestry and forest management that always consider of ecological, social, and legal factors; (4) a guide for sustainable management of Indonesia’s biodiversity was mentioned in Indonesia Biodiversity Action Plan (IBSAB); (5) the government and non-government organizations participated in conservation practice; (6) exploring alternative energy sources to reduce dependence on oil, such as biomass based energy or biofuel with ingredients of oil palm plantation crops, sugarcane, cassava; (7)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My gratitude goes to the Head of Research Center for Biology, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong of West Java, Indonesia for her support and assisntance during the preparation of the manuscript.
mainstreaming of SDGs into National Development agenda based on SDGs Roadmap, National Action Plan as planning, and SDGs program for Sub-national level. This program was participated by all stakeholders included government, civil society organizations, philanthropy and business society, academics and experts. Though the government has already implemented SDGs program, but innovative strategic need to be developed.
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