CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Findings
The research presents the results of the data review statistically. It compiled the student pre-test scores, classification percentages of the students’
scores, post-test scores, standard deviation of the pre-test and post-test, and paired sample test to find out students’ improve in speaking skills. A statistic score indicating the mean and standard deviation during the pre-test and post-test was produced for the test stage score.
1. The Review Of Students’ Test In Speaking Skill a. Pre-Test
The researcher displayed the students' speaking test results in this section.
The researcher calculated the data using SPSS 23. The researcher determined the mean score, the range of students' percentage value in speaking skills, and the standard deviation of the student’s scores. Additionally, the researcher showed the students’ scores in the parts of speaking skills following, Accuracy (A), Fluency (F), and Comprehensibility (C), completely passing the pre-test in those areas. The result of pre-test results for students' speaking abilities is as follows.
Table 4.1 The score of students’ speaking skills in the pre-test
No
Respondent
Aspect of speaking Score
Total score
A F C
1 R1 2 2 2 6 2
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2 R2 1 2 2 5 1.67
3 R3 1 2 1 4 1.33
4 R4 1 1 1 3 1
5 R5 2 2 1 5 1.67
6 R6 1 2 2 5 1.67
7 R7 1 1 1 3 1
8 R8 1 2 2 5 1.67
9 R9 2 1 1 4 1.33
10 R10 2 1 1 4 1.33
11 R11 1 1 1 3 1
12 R12 1 1 1 3 1
13 R13 1 2 1 4 1.33
14 R14 1 1 2 4 1.33
15 R15 1 1 2 4 1.33
16 R16 1 2 2 5 1.67
17 R17 1 1 2 4 1.33
18 R18 2 1 1 4 1.33
19 R19 1 1 1 3 1
20 R20 1 2 2 5 1.67
Mean score 1.25 1.45 1.45 4.15 1.38
28 Notes: A: Accuracy
F: Fluency
C: Comprehensibility
The researcher gave the students' accuracy, fluency, and comprehensibility scores in this section.
1) Accuracy
The researcher compiled the data using SPSS 23 to specify descriptive statistics and the percentage score of students’ accuracy in the pre-test. It shows that students’ maximum score is 2, and the minimum is 1. The table also explained that students’ mean accuracy score in the pre-test was 1.25, and the standard deviation error was 0.44426. The descriptive statistics table and the accuracy percentage are shown as follows.
Table 4.2 Descriptive Statistics of Accuracy in the Pre-Test
N Valid 20
Missing 0
Mean 1.2500
Std. Deviation .44426
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 2.00
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Table 4.3 The Percentage score of Students’ Accuracy in Pre-Test
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent Classification Valid
1.00 15 75.0 75.0 75.0 Very Poor
2.00 5 25.0 25.0 100.0 Poor
Total 20 100.0 100.0
The table declared that none of the students reached the excellent, very good, good, and the average for the evaluation. Fifteen students’ attained a very poor category, and fifth students earned a poor class. In other words, 75% of students have a very poor class, and 25% have a poor class.
2) Fluency
The researcher compiled the data using SPSS 23 to specify descriptive statistics and the percentage score of students’ accuracy in the pre-test. It shows that students’ maximum score is 2, and the minimum is 1. The table also explained that students’ mean accuracy score in the pre-test was 1.45, and the standard deviation error was 0. 51042. The descriptive statistics table and the accuracy percentage are shown as follows.
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Table 4.4 Descriptive Statistics of Fluency in Pre-Test
N Valid 20
Missing 0
Mean 1.4500
Std. Deviation .51042
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 2.00
Table 4.5 The Percentage Score of Students’ Fluency in Pre-Test
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent Classification Valid
1.00 11 55.0 55.0 55.0 Very Poor
2.00 9 45.0 45.0 100.0 Poor
Total 20 100.0 100.0
The table declared that none of the students reached the excellent, very good, good, and the average for the evaluation. Eleventh students’ attained a very poor category, and ninth students earned a poor class. In other words, 55% of students have a very poor class, and 45% have a poor class.
3) Comprehensibility
The researcher compiled the data using SPSS 23 to specify descriptive statistics and the percentage score of students’ accuracy in the pre-test. It shows that students’ maximum score is 2, and the minimum is 1. The table also explained that students’ mean accuracy score in the pre-test was 1.45, and the standard deviation
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error was 0. 51042. The descriptive statistics table and the accuracy percentage are shown as follows.
Table 4.6 Descriptive statistics of Comprehensibility in Pre-Test
N Valid 20
Missing 0
Mean 1.4500
Std. Deviation .51042
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 2.00
Table 4.7 The Percentage Score of Students’ Comprehensibility in Pre-Test
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent Classification Valid
1.00 11 55.0 55.0 55.0 Very Poor
2.00 9 45.0 45.0 100.0 Poor
Total 20 100.0 100.0
The table declared that none of the students reached the excellent, very good, good, and the average for the evaluation. Eleventh students’ attained a very poor category, and ninth students earned a poor class. In other words, 55% of students have a very poor class, and 45% have a poor class.
b. Post-Test
The researcher displayed the students' speaking test results in this section.
The researcher calculated the data using SPSS 23. The researcher determined the
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mean score, the range of students' percentage value in speaking skills, and the standard deviation of the student’s scores. Additionally, the researcher showed the students’ scores in the parts of speaking skills following, Accuracy (A), Fluency (F), and Comprehensibility (C), completely passing the pre-test in those areas. The result of pre-test results for students' speaking abilities is as follows.
Table 4.8 The Score of Students’ Speaking Skills in Post-Test No
Respondent
Aspect of speaking Score
Total score
A F C
1 R1 5 4 5 14 4.67
2 R2 3 4 5 12 4
3 R3 4 5 5 14 4.67
4 R4 3 3 4 10 3.33
5 R5 3 3 4 10 3.33
6 R6 5 4 5 14 4.67
7 R7 3 4 4 11 3.67
8 R8 3 4 3 10 3.33
9 R9 3 3 4 10 3.33
10 R10 4 5 5 14 4.67
11 R11 4 3 3 10 3.33
12 R12 4 4 4 12 4
13 R13 4 5 5 14 4.67
14 R14 5 4 5 14 4.67
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15 R15 4 4 4 12 4
16 R16 4 4 5 13 4.33
17 R17 3 4 5 12 4
18 R18 4 4 5 13 4.33
19 R19 4 5 5 14 4.67
20 R20 3 4 5 12 4
Mean score 3.75 4 4.5 12.25 4.084
Notes: A: Accuracy F: Fluency
C: Comprehensibility
The researcher gave the students' accuracy, fluency, and comprehensibility scores in this section.
1) Accuracy
The researcher compiled the data using SPSS 23 to specify descriptive statistics and the percentage score of students’ accuracy in the post-test. It shows that students’ maximum score is 5, and the minimum is 3. The table also explained that students’ mean accuracy score in the post-test was 3.75, and the standard deviation error was 0.71635. The descriptive statistics table and the accuracy percentage are shown as follows.
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Table 4.9 Descriptive Statistics of Accuracy in Post-Test
N Valid 20
Missing 0
Mean 3.7500
Std. Deviation .71635
Minimum 3.00
Maximum 5.00
Table 4.10 The Percentage Score of Students’ Accuracy in Post-Test
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent Classification
Valid 3.00 8 40.0 40.0 40.0 Average
4.00 9 45.0 45.0 85.0 Good
5.00 3 15.0 15.0 100.0 Very Good
Total 20 100.0 100.0
The table declared that neither of the students reached the excellent, poor, and very poor categories. Eighth students’ attained an average sort, ninth students earned a good variety, and a third gained a very good class. In other words, 40% of students have an average rate, 45% have a good rate, and 15% have a very good rate.
35 2) Fluency
The researcher compiled the data using SPSS 23 to specify descriptive statistics and the percentage score of students’ accuracy in the post-test. It shows that students’ maximum score is 5, and the minimum is 3. The table also explained that students’ mean accuracy score in the post-test was 3.75, and the standard deviation error was 0.71635. The descriptive statistics table and the accuracy percentage are shown as follows.
Table 4.11 Descriptive statistics of Fluency in Post-Test
N Valid 20
Missing 0
Mean 4.0000
Std. Deviation .64889
Minimum 3.00
Maximum 5.00
Table 4.12 The Percentage Score of Students’ Fluency in Post-Test
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent Classification
Valid 3.00 4 20.0 20.0 20.0 Average
4.00 12 60.0 60.0 80.0 Good
5.00 4 20.0 20.0 100.0 Very Good
Total 20 100.0 100.0
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The table declared that neither of the students reached the excellent, poor, and very poor categories. Fourth students’ attained an average sort, twelfth students earned a good category, and a fourth gained a very good class. In other words, 40%
of students have an average rate, 45% have a good rate, and 15% have a very good rate.
3) Comprehensibility
The researcher compiled the data using SPSS 23 to specify descriptive statistics and the percentage score of students’ accuracy in the post-test. It shows that students’ maximum score is 5, and the minimum is 3. The table also explained that students’ mean accuracy score in the post-test was 4.5, and the standard deviation error was 0. 68825. The descriptive statistics table and the accuracy percentage are shown as follows.
Table 4.13 Descriptive Statistics of Comprehensibility in Post-Test
N Valid 20
Missing 0
Mean 4.5000
Std. Deviation .68825
Minimum 3.00
Maximum 5.00
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Table 4.14 The Percentage Score of Students’ Comprehensibility in Post-Test
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Classification
Valid 3.00 2 10.0 10.0 10.0 Average
4.00 6 30.0 30.0 40.0 Good
5.00 12 60.0 60.0 100.0 Very Good
Total 20 100.0 100.0
The table declared that neither of the students reached the excellent, poor, and very poor categories. Two students’ attained an average sort, the sixth student earned a good category, and the twelfth gained a very good class. In other words, 40% of students have an average rate, 45% have a good rate, and 15% have a very good rate.
2. The mean Score and Standard Deviation of Students’ Speaking Skills in Pre-Test and Post-Pre-Test
After describing the analysis data of descriptive statistics and the percentage of students’ scores from pre-test and post-test in speaking, the researcher calculated the descriptive statistic data of pre-test and post-test using SPSS 23. The data analysis is presented in the descriptive statistic table below.
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Table 4.15 The Mean Score and Standard Deviation in Pre-Test (T1) and Post-Test (T2)
Pre_Test Post_Test
N Valid 20 20
Missing 0 0
Mean 1.3830 4.0835
Std. Deviation .29297 .54164
Minimum 1.00 3.33
Maximum 2.00 4.67
Table 4.15 sample statistics unveiled that the standard deviation in the pre-test is 0. 29297 and the post-pre-test is 0.54164. It also showed that the mean score of students on the pre-test was 1.38, and the mean score on the post-test was 4.08. The table showed that the mean score of students in the post-test was higher than students' scores in the pre-test. To conclude, Cake application effectively taught speaking skills to students.
The researcher applied Test analysis and measured the score using SPSS 23 to find out whether the pre-test and post-test were significantly different and to find out the result of the hypothesis in this research. The development of a paired sample statistic, paired sample correlation, and paired sample test can be seen in the following tables.
Table 4.16 The Paired Sample Statistic of Pre-Test and Post-Test
Mean N
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Pre_Test 1.3830 20 .29297 .06551
Post_Test 4.0835 20 .54164 .12111
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Table 4.16 revealed that the mean pre-test score was 1.38, and the post-test was 4.08. The standard deviation for the pre-post-test was 0.29297, and the post-post-test was 0.54164. The standard error means pre-test score was 0.06551, and the post-test score was 0.12111. The results from that table told that students’ score terrace from 1.38 to 4.08.
Table 4.17 The Paired Samples Correlation of Pre-Test and Post-Test N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Pre-Test &
Post-Test 20 .191 .421
Table 4.17 explained that paired sample correlation of the pre-test and post-test showed the correlation of the students’ competence before and after treatment is 0,191. In other words, there was a correlation between students’
competence in speaking before and after treatment.
Table 4.18 The Paired Sample Test of Pre-Test and Post-Test
Paired Differences
T df
Sig.
(2-tailed) Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper Pair 1
Pre-Test – Post-Test
-2.70050 .56453 .12623 -2.96471 -2.43629 -21.393 19 .000
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Table 4.18, the researcher obtained that tc (tcount) = 21.393 and df (degree of freedom) = 11. While the tt (ttable) = 2.093, the degree of freedom (df) = 19, with the standard significant = 0.05 (5%). Based on the table above, the significant 2-tailed value is 0.000, which is smaller than the significant value of 0.05. This result shows that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. It means there is a significant difference before and after using Cake application as the media in teaching speaking.