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135 W. Pequegnat and C.C. Bell (eds.), Family and HIV/AIDS: Cultural and Contextual
Issues in Prevention and Treatment, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0439-2_6,
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract This chapter provides an overview of three perspectives on fatherhood in relation to HIV prevention and treatment: an ecological approach, father identity, and father involvement. Next, four distinct subgroups are highlighted: (1) HIV-negative fathers, (2) gay and bisexual fathers, (3) incarcerated fathers, and (4) home-less fathers. An intervention study for fathers and their children, Responsible, Empowered, Aware, Living (REAL) Men is presented to illustrate the importance of fathers as effective educators on HIV prevention and sexuality for their sons. Race and culture are discussed as key factors to consider as we move forward in under-standing the role of fathers in relations to HIV/AIDS. The discussion concludes with recommendations for future directions.
Public health researchers and practitioners have long recognized the importance of fathers in the promotion of optimum health and the reduction of health problems within families. Nationally and globally, little attention is given to fathers in the con-text of family-based HIV prevention and treatment (Desmond and Hosegood 2011 ; Sherr 2010 ) . Cognizant of the staggering effect which HIV and AIDS continue to have on the lives of families, this chapter focuses on fathers affected with, and affected by, this menacing health problem. The meaning of father has traditionally referred to a male biological parent of a child. The contemporary meaning of father should be understood in the context of the dramatic shifts occurring in the socio-demographic characteristics of families, the growing diversity of fatherhood, and varying residential patterns for men in their role as primary care provider to a child.
The complexities of contemporary fatherhood require thoughtful attention to the meaning of family. Worthy of consideration is the NIMH Consortium on Families and HIV defi nition of family as a network of mutual commitments (Pequegnat and Bray 1997 ; Pequegnat and Szapocznik 2000 ) . This broad defi nition of the family captures populations of men who may or may not be biologically related to a child.