(Regulation 3.40)
Note. (1) Candidates are advised to register in the first instance with the secretary, faculty of. Medicine.
(2) Before entering for the examination in Part I candidates are required to present certificates of practice (at least two years, including one year spent in a resident appointment in a general hospital).
(3) Before entering for the examination in Part II candidates are required to present certificates of experience as specified below. Candidates ad- mitted ad eundem statum are required, in addition, to present certificates of three months' approved experience in the Clinical Schools of this University.
PART I
ANATOMY
The examination may include questions covering any aspect of human anatomy but with particular reference to those structures demonstrable by radiographical techniques.
BOOKS (a) Prescribed textbooks:
Frazer J E Anatomy of the Human Skeleton, 5th ed Churchill 1958 Gray's Anatomy, Descriptive and Applied, 32nd or subsequent ed Long-
mans or
Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy, 10th or subsequent ed OUP or
Lockhart R D Hamilton G F & Fyfe F W Anatomy of the Human Body, Faber 1959
Arey L B Developmental Anatomy, 6th or subsequent ed Saunders or
Patten B M Human Embryology, 2nd or subsequent ed Blakiston
Faculty of Medicine
(b) Recommended for reference:
Mescham I An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy, 2nd ed Saunders 1965
In addition, candidates are expected to keep themselves informed of work appearing in periodical literature.
EXAMINATION One 3-hour written paper; oral examination.
PHYSIOLOGY
The examination may include questions relating to the physiological be- haviour of any of the anatomical systems of the body.
BOOKS (a) Prescribed textbooks:
Best C H & Taylor N B Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 8th ed Williams & Wilkins 1966
Wright S Keefe C A etc Applied Physiology, 12th ed OUP 1971 (b) Recommended for reference:
Ruch T C & Patton H D Physiology and Biophysics, 19th ed Saunders 1965
EXAMINATION One 3-hour written paper; viva voce examination.
PHYSICS
The transformer: principles, construction, transformation ratio, regulation, efficiency, current and voltage limits, calibration. Special features of diagnostic x-ray transformer. Auto transformer. Thermionic currents, diode valve and solid state rectifiers. (As background knowledge only, it is recommended that candidates revise the following aspects of Physics studied previously: Direct current electricity including Ohm's Law; simple treatment of voltage, current, resistance, power, capacity, heating and magnetic effects of a current. Electro-magnetic induction, Lenz's Law. Simple theory of alternating current, wave form and fre- quency, RMS and peak voltage and current.)
The electro-magnetic spectrum. Production and properties of x-rays;
general and characteristic x-rays; distribution of energy in an x-ray spectrum. Absorption and scattering of x-rays and practical factors in- fluencing processes. The diagnostic x-ray tube; principles of operation and construction; line and dual focus tubes, stationary and rotating anode tubes, grid controlled tubes; rating charts and cooling curves for x-ray tubes; causes of x-ray tube failure. High tension circuits used in diag- nostic x-ray equipment with relative advantages and disadvantages of each of self-rectified, four valve, three phase and condenser discharge circuits. Control of high voltage and current in x-ray equipment. Special features of shock-proof equipment. Auxilliary apparatus for x-ray equip- ments including timers (hand, valve, synchronous motor, impulse, elec- tronic, photo-electric and ionization types); stabilizers; meters; overload protection; line voltage compensation; tube and filament current boosters;
monitor controlled equipment.
Factors determining the quality of radiographic and fluoroscopic images.
X-ray film: structure; sensitivity; characteristic curves. Processing of films;
function of developer and fixer; effect of processing procedures on film quality; manual and automatic processing; processing faults in films.
Storage of films. Darkroom planning and procedures. Intensifying screens including design, construction, speed, and detail; care of intensifying 134
screens and cassettes. Scattered radiation and methods of minimizing the effect of scattered radiation on the radiographic and fluorescent image (including beam defining devices, stationary and moving grids). Physical principles underlying special radiographic procedures and equipment (in- cluding tomography, stereo-radiography, localization of foreign bodies, cineradiography, photofluorography, high kilovoltage radiography, soft tissue radiography, enlargement techniques, bi-plane radiography and film changers, contrast media, subtraction techniques). Physical principles of fluoroscopy; limitation of the eye in conventional fluoroscopy; image in- tensification and television chains; spot film radiography; mirror cameras used in fluoroscopy.
Nature of radioactivity and radioactive decay; the curie; half-life (physi- cal, biological and effective). Nature and properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Positrons and annihilation radiation. Stable and radio- isotopes; principles of production of radio-isotopes and radio-pharmaceu- ticals (illustrated by materials more commonly used in medical diagno- sis). Principles of use of radio-isotopes in medical diagnosis. Physical principles of methods of detection and measurement of radio-activity.
Ionization chambers; Geiger counters, scintillation and proportional counters; organ imaging equipment and application of these equipments in medical diagnosis. Quality control of radio-pharmaceuticals.
Radiological protection including the protection of personnel, patients and the public in use of x-rays and radio-isotopes in medical diagnosis including dose limits, working rules, personnel monitoring, design and layout of radiology and nuclear medicine departments, mean bone marrow and genetic doses, disposal of radioactive waste, transport and storage of radioactive isotopes.
BOOKS
'van der Plaats G J Medical X-ray Technique, 3rd ed Philips Technical Library 1969
Jaundrell-Thompson F & Ashworth W J X-ray Physics and Equipment, Blackwell Scientific Publications 1970
Chesney D N & M O Radiographic Photography, Blackwell Scientific Publications 1965
Wagner Henry N Principles of Nuclear Medicine, Saunders 1968 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Pro-
tection, ICRP Publication 9 Pergamon Press 1966
'Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Pro- tection, ICRP Publication 15 Pergamon Press 1970
Radiological Hazards to Patients, Second Report of the Committee HMSO 1960
'Revised Radiation Protection Standards for Individuals Exposed to Ioniz- ing Radiation, National Health and Medical Research Council 1967 'Dose Equivalents, Maximum Permissible Doses and Dose Limits of
Ionizing Radiation, National Health and Medical Research Council, 1969
'Minimizing of Radiological Hazards to Patients, National Health and Medical Research Council 1966
Notes on Medical Procedure for Radiation Accidents and Radioactive Contamination, National Health and Medical Research Council 1968 (Copies of NH & MRC publications may be obtained free of charge from the Secretary, National Health and Medical Research Council, PO Box 100, Curtin, ACT 2605.)
EXAMINATION One 3-hour paper; oral if necessary.
Faculty of Medicine PART if
The experience required of a candidate presenting for Part H shall be:
1. A period of twelve months as a resident medical officer in a general hospital with experience equivalent to four months as Resident Medi- cal Officer to each of in-patient Medicine and Surgery.
2. Two years in a full-time appointment in a Diagnostic X-ray Depart- ment of a general hospital forming part of a clinical school recog- nized by the Australasian Universities. In the case of a hospital or department not so recognized, the faculty of Medicine will require from the candidate particular details of his experience, the accept- ance of which will enable him to proceed with the Diploma.
3. A minimum attendance of 20 sessions for Radiology in Paediatrics and of 10 sessions for Radiology in Obstetrics and of 10 sessions for studying radio-isotope organ imaging techniques at Diagnostic Departments of general or special hospitals forming part of a 'clinical school recognized by the Australasian Universities.
Work performed in the Diagnostic X-ray Departments referred to in the paragraphs above must be under the direction of qualified Radiologists.
RADiODiAGNOSIS
The examination may include questions relevant to—
(i) X-ray machines, tubes, accessories; their choice, use and main- tenance. The various exposure factors; their use in controlling ex- posure. Determination of relative speeds and other qualities of films and intensifying screens. Construction and use of exposure charts.
(ii) Radiographic technique in the examination of all parts of the body.
Technique of fluoroscopic examination. Use of contrast media. Loca- tion of foreign bodies.
(ííi) Methods of marking films for identification. Dark room equipment and technique. Subsequent photographic processes; prints, lantern slides, etc.
0v) Principles of protection of patients and personnel against radiation hazards.
(y) Interpretation of films; differential diagnosis; correlation with clini- cal findings. Methods of reporting.
(vi) Organization of an x-ray department; the keeping of records.
(vii) Radio-isotope organ imaging.
Special emphasis will be placed on section (v) of the syllabus.
In addition, candidates will be expected to possess a sound knowledge of the general medical and general surgical aspects of all conditions re- lated to the specialty.
BOOKS Recommended for reference:
Clarke K C Positioning in Radiography, 5th ed Heinemann Brailsford J F Radiology of Bones and Joints, Churchill 1953
Text-book of X-ray Diagnosis by British Authors--Edited by. Shanks S C &
Kerley P 2nd ed Lewis
Prendergrass E P Schaffer J P & Hoades P J Head and Neck in Roent- gen Diagnosis, Charles C Thomas 1957
Caffey J Paediatric X-ray Diagnosis, 4th ed Year Book Publishers Lasser Elliott C Dynamic Factors in Roenigent Diagnosis. Williams &
Wilkins 1967 135
McLaren J W (ed) Modern Trends in Diagnostic Radiology, 2nd and 3rd series Butterworth
Meschan I An Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy, Saunders 1957