FIRST YEAR
516-116 ANATOMY 1 (PHYSIOTHERAPY)
Contact Two hours oflectures and four hours of practical classes aweek. (AUyear.)
Coordinator Dr C A Briggs.
Objectives: On completion ofthis subject, students should:
Comprehend: the terminology of anatomy; the principles relating to each of the following types of anatomical structures: skin, fascia and skeletal muscles; bones and joints; viscera; vessels and nerves;
the subdivision of the human body into regions; the essential infonnation relating to specific anatomical stnictures (which form the boundaries and contents of the regions); the applications relatmgcUrectlytocbnicallyimportantarea^
markings of clinically important structureson normal Living bodies;
the appearance of the human body in section at important levels; the appearance of normal structures on radiographs (and principles regarding the appearance of normal stnictures on c/t and ultra- sound).
Possess: observational and organisational skilLs to identify and interpret: exposed anatomical structures and regions; surface markings on normal living bodies; cross-sections of the body at important levels; normal structures on radiographs; communica- tion skills (written and oral) to describe the normal strucmre ofthe body; skills in the manipulation of anatomical strucmres (with dissecting instruments).
Appreciate, the range of normality of the living human body (i.e.
normal variation) due to age, sex and body build, and the effects of posture, phase of respiration, and pregnancy; the common occur- rence of anomalies (i.e. anatomical variation) which differ from
"text-book descriptions" of the typical case; the importance of one's own observations (e.g. as seen in the historical development of anatomy as a science).
Content The principles of anatomical stnictures. Regional, radio- logical, and appUed anatomy of the back, upper Umb, abdomen, pelvis, and lower Umb. Exposed anatomical strucmres and regions;
cross-sections of the body at important levels; normal structures on radiographs. Descriptions of the normal strucmre of die body.
Manipulation of anatomical structures with dissecting instruments.
Nonnal variation due to age, sex and body build. The common occurrence of anatomical variation.
Assessment First semester a 35-minute practical exammation (19per cent) and fourdissection assessments (6per cent). Second semester a 30-minute practical examination (19 per cent), four dissection assessments (6 percent) and a 3-hour written examina- tion (50 per cent).
Prescribed texts: Eizenberg N, Murphy M and Briggs ^Practical Anatomy Guide and Dissector Department of Anatomy and CeU
Biology 1994
516-117 MEDICAL BIOLOGY (PHYSIOTHERAPY)
Contact Two hours of lecmres a week in the first semester; two hours of lecmres and two hours of practical classes in the second semester. (AUyear)
Coordinator. Dr S Rees.
Objectives:
Cell and Animal Biology: On completion of this program, students should:
Comprehend: the strucmre and function of elements within a cell;
the basic tissues of the body, the general strucmre and function of a vertebrate; the transition from organ systems to molecular events as a prerequisite to understanding many aspects of biochemistry and molecular biology, human evolution.
Appreciate: the importance of rational, critical and independent thought in biological science and in the imderstanding of medical science.
Histology: On completion ofthis program, smdents should Comprehend: the terminology of histology the principles and essential information regarding: the light-microscopic and elec- tron-microscopic strucmre of normal cells and tissues; the ar- rangement of cells and tissues into the specific organs and systems;
normal histology as a prerequisite for understanding pathology, physiology and biochemistry.
Have developed: observational and organisational skills to identify and interpret the Ught-microscopic and electron-microscopic ap- pearances of normal cells, tissues, organs and systems; the ability to visualise 3-dimensional structures from 2-dimensional data;
skills in the use of a light microscope to obtain information from histological sections.
Appreciate: the range of variation of microscopic stnicture within normal tissue; the scientific basis of knowledge of strucmre; the correlation of histological structure with function.
Content Cell and Animal Biology The basic tissues of the body.
The structure and function of organeUes and inclusions within the ceU. Introduction to molecular biology of the cell. Functional anatomy of a vertebrate: evolutionary history of vertebrates. Func- tional anatomy of organ systems with emphasis on evolutionary adaptation: skin, skeletal, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excre- tory, reproductive and nervous systems. Human evolution. Histol- ogy Light and electron-microscopic strucmre of cells and the basic tissues of the human body. Structure of blood vesseLs, exocrine glands, and the skin. Respiratory, lymphoid, female and male reproductive and endocrine systems. The correlation of histologi- cal stnicture with function.
Assessment First semester: a 90-minute written examination (40 percent). Second semester a 2-hourwritten examination (50 per cent) and a 25-minute practical examination (10 per cent).
Prescribed Text Alberts B Molecular Biology of the Cell 2nd edition, Garland. Dorit R L, Walkerjnr W F and Barnes R D Zoology 1991 Saunders. Junqueira L C and Carneiro J Basic Histology 3rd or subsequent edition, Lange. Wheater P R, Burkitt H G and Daniels V G Functional Histology lst or subsequent edition ChurchiU Livingstone.
513-118 APPLIED ANATOMY AND KINESIOLOGY 1 Contact A lecmre, a mtorial and a practical class a week (three hours a week). (Allyear)
Coordinator. Ms ETully.
Objectives: On completion of this subject, smdents should:
Comprehend: the principles of mechanics which apply to physi- otherapy work; the relationship between stnicture and hmction of die synovial joints of the upper and lower Umbs; the contribution of skeletal muscles to movement of joints during functional activities and how this is affected by mechanical and physiological factors; the concepts of reliability and validity in relation to procedures for measurement of human function and movement; the integrated and coordinated movement of the trunk and the joints of the Umbs moving together to produce normal purposeful movement Have developed: skill in applying mechanical principles to selected Physiotherapy tasks, including exercise, manual treatment tech- niques involving push or pull, lifting and transferring patients and equipment and the use of apparatus for exercise; skuT in the obsenation and analysis of normal movement of the Umbs and trunk, and selected examples of abnormal movement skilLs in collecting and interpreting objective data relating to normal move- ment and function.
Appreciate, the complexity of normal human movement in order to detect and analyse abnormal movement
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences Physiotherapy
Content: Introduction to normal human movements and the reladonships between structure and function, with emphasis on movement of the upper and lower limbs during the first year, but also study of movements of the trunk. Mechanical principles and their application to physiotherapy, structure and function of the synovial joints of the limbs; muscles and movements ofthe trunk;
mechanical and physiological factors that affect skeletal muscle in its functional role; introduction to analysis and objective measure- ment of normal movement. This subject is taught in conjunction with Anatomy 1 and Physiotherapy Principles and Practice.
Assessment Firstsemester a 2-hourwritten examination (35 per cent) and a 15 minute practical examination on surface anatomy
(10%). Second semester: a 2 hour written examination (35 per cent), a 15 mmute practical examination in surface anatomy (10%) and a 1500 word assignment (10%).
Prescribed Text Norkin C & Levange P Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis F A Davis & Co.
513-111 PHYSIOTHERAPY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 1
Contact Four hours of practical classes and a 1-hour clinical session a week throughout the year; two hours a week of Introduc- tion to Emergency Medicine classes during the first semester. (All year.)
Coordinator: Ms G Webb.
Objectives: On completion of tins subject students should:
Comprehetul: tlie role ofthe physiotherapist in tlie community, the principles involved in assessment procedures and problem solving processes as applied to clinical decision making; the principles invobed in exercise prescription; the need to be able to accurately identify structures for diagnosis and treatment
Have developed: basic skilLs in First Aid.; basic skilLs in moving, positioning and Lifting of patients; skilLs in selected massage tech- niques; skills in the observation and analysis of normal movement and posture; the abihty to prescribe and teach exercises; skilLs in specific assessment procedures; skills in measurement procedures as used by physiotherapists; skilLs in identification of body surface markings, bones and bony prominences and the course of major nerves and blood vessels; skilLs in palpation and differentiation of superficial and some deep muscles, joint lines and ligaments.
Appreciate: the need to integrate the knowledge of anatomy, physiology and kinesiology in the understanding of the theory and practice of physiotherapy the need to apply scientific attitudes of inquiry and critical analysis to physiotherapy practices.
Content Introduction to Emergency Medicine An approach to emergency medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; woimds, bleeding, shock; boneand soft tissue injuries; burns and poisoning;
bites and stings; medical emergencies. Movement Observation, analysis and critical evaluation of normal body movements. Inter- personalskills Awareness of personal space, verbal and non verbal
communication, touch.AssessmenttechtiiquesAn introduction to Physiotherapy assessment procedures. Massage Theory of mas- sage, massage techniques, positioning and comfort of patients.
Exercise prescription Purpose of exercises, piinciples in teaching exercise, mechanical principles apphed to exercise, individual and class exercises, apparams, evaluation and modification of exer- cises. Patient handling Safety and comfort, patient positioning, patient transfers, safe lifting techniques, patient therapist relation- ships.
Assessment First semester, a 30-minute practical examination (30 per cent); a written examination and a 40-minute practical examination in First Aid (First Aid isahurdle requirement that must be completed by the end of second year). Second semester a 30- minute practical examination (60 per cent); exercise diary (10 per cent); attendance at clinical sessions is a requirement
Prescribed Text Please consult the coordinator before purchas- ing at least one of the foUowing: Maitland G D Vertebral Manipu- lation 5th edition 1986 Butterworth Heineman. Maitland G D PeripljeralManipidation^rAeMon 1991 Butterworth Heinemann.
Corrigan B and Maitland G D Practical Orthopaedic Medicine Butterworth & Co Ltd 1983 Sydney Toronto Wellington. Clarkson H&GiMchGMtisadoskektalAssessmentJointRangeofMotion and Manual Muscle Strength Williams & Wilkins
640-100/101 PHYSICS A/B (PHYSIOTHERAPY) Contact Three hou rs of lecmres a week and one mtorial a fortnight Smdents without VCE Physics take an additional mtorial each fortnight (First semester.)
Coordinator: Dr Z Barnea
Objectives: On completion of this subject smdents should:
Comprehend: the laws of motion, properties of solid, liquid and gaseous matter and thermodynamics; the physics of light and sound and the psychophysics of vision and hearing; electromagnetism, elementary circuits and electronics; properties of ionizing radia- tion and radioactivity.
Have developed: skilLs to analyse and solve physical problems.
Appreciate: the importance of rational, critical and independent thought in physical science and in the understanding of medical science.
Content Physics ulustrated by applications to biological systems and cUnical technology. Selected topics in the areas of mechanics, properties of matter.thermal physics, optics, acoustics, electricity and magnetism, atomic physics and nuclear physics.
Assessment A 3-hour written examination at the end of semester, plus written assignments during the semester. Smdents must satisfactorily complete assignment work as specified at the start of semester.
Prescribed texts: Nave C R and Nave B C Physics for the Heidtb Sciences *3rd edition, Saunders Kane JW and Sternheim NM Physics 3rd edition, Wiley.
*Preliminary Reading
585-100 GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGEING
Contact Two hours of lecmres; four mtoriaLs a semester. (First semester)
Coordinator: Professor II Peach.
Objectives: On completion of this subject, smdents should be able to imdcrstand normal growth, development and ageing and its physical, social and culmral determinants.
Content Concept and control of growth; concept of psychological development ageing: growth, maturation and ageing of musculo- skeletal, nervous and respiratory systems; development of intellec- tual, social and emotional factors, motor-positive, language and thought; nutrition; adolescence; sexuaUty.
Assessment A l.5-hour written examination (lOOpercent).
536-112 PHYSIOLOGY (PHYSIOTHERAPY)
Contact Three hours each of lecmres and three hours of practical classes a week. (Second semester)
Coordinator Dr M Hargreaves.
Objectives: On completion of this subject smdents should:
Comprehend: the terminology of physiology the principles and essential information regarding the functions of different cell types and how they interact in organ systems; the mechanisms by which these different organ systems are controUed in the normal human being; the normal numerical values for those physiological vari- ables that are commonly used as indices of disease in physiotherapy practice.
Tbe University of Melbourne Handbook 1994 Volume 4
Have developed: observational and organisational skilLs to use experimental techniques in investigating physiological systems and document the findings reUably skills in analysing and evaluating physiological experimental data.
Appreciate, the ranges of normality for physiological parameters;
mefactorswmchinfluencemesignificanre^
investigating physiological systems.
Content Functions of different cell types and how they interact in organ systems. Mechanisms bywhich organ systems are controlled in the nonnal human being. Normal numerical values for physi- ological variables commonly used as indices of disease in physi- otherapy practice. Cell membranes; fluid balance and distribution in the body, cellular and whole body homeostasis; excitable membranes; nerve and muscle cells; chemical neurotransmission;
simple reflex organisation; autonomic nenous system; cardiac function; hemodynamics; distribution and regulation of cardiac output; control of blood pressure; whole body patterns of cardio- vascular response.
Assessment A 3-hour end-of-semester written examination (85 per cent); laboratory class work (15 per cent). If laboratory work is unsatisfactory, a student must pass a further 3-hour practical examination to pass the subjecL
Prescribed Text Sherwood I. Human Physiology 2nd edition 1993 WesL
554-112 BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE (PHYSIOTHERAPY)
Contact Two hours of lectures and a 1-hour mtorial a week.
(Second semester)
Coordinator Associate Professor D Home.
Objectives: On completion of this subject, smdenLs should have been introduced to psychological construcLs which can facilitate their professional development and practice as physiotherapists, and encouraged to develop a holistic model of their work.
General Objectives: SmdenLs will be presented with information on, and will be expected to appreciate the implications of, psycho- logical theory for physiotherapy practice in each of the syllabus areas described below.
Content of lecture program: Three blocks of lecmres.
Block 1: Communicating with and assessing clienLs; (includes) physio-client anxieties, communication skills, clinical decision- making, concepts of normality, loss and grief, abnormal psychol- ogy and relevant personabty constructs. Block 2: Teaching and motivating clients; (includes) sport psychology, motivation and rehabilitation, increasing desired behaviours. Block 3: Physical and psychological interactions in illness; (includes) stress and stress management, psychology of pain and chronic illness, sys- temic interaction of psychological and physical factors.
Content of tutorial program: Largely, but not exclusively, parallels lecmre program. The mtorials are about discussing, reflecting on, and in some cases, applying the concepts raised in the lecmres.
Assessment An essayofup to2000words (25percent) anda2.5- hour end-of-semester written examination (75 per cent).
SECOND YEAR
513-200 APPLIED ANATOMY AND KINESIOLOGY 2 Contact A1-hour lecm re and a 1-hour mtorial aweek. (Allyear) Coordinator Ms E Tulry.
Objectives: On completion of this subject, smdents should:
Comprehend: the principles of mechanics which apply to Physi- otherapy work; the integrated and co ordinated movement of the joints and muscles of the Limbs and trunk, duiing normal walking;
the effect on walking of loss of joint range of motion and muscle
weakness, and how a patient may compensate for this; basic concepts relating to the energy cost of human gait; the relationship between structure andfunction of the joints of the vertebral column;
the contribution of muscles to vertebral movement and stability; the principles involved in safe lifting techniques; the role of the thoracic joints and muscles in producing normal respiration; the need for valid and reliable measurement of human movement, for the purpose of assessment and evaluation of treatment outcomes.
Have developed: skill in applying mechanical principles to selected areas of physiotherapy practice; skill in obsenation and analysis of normal movement ofthe trunk and vertebral column, the move- ments of respiration, and human walking; skul in collecting and analysing selected objective data relating to normal movement and function.
Appreciate: the complexity of normal human movement in order to detect and analyse abnormal movement
Content This subject will be taught in conjunction with Anatomy 2 and Physiotherapy Principles and Practice 2 and will develop an appreciation of normal movement and die relationship between strucmre and function. Emphasis will be on the head, neck, thorax and vertebral column.Topics asfor Apphed Anatomy andKinesiology 1.
Assessment Semester 1:1-hourwTitten examination (35%), a 30-minute practical examination (15%) and a 1500 word assign- ment (15%) • Second semester 1 -hour written examination (35%).
PrescribedText BogdukN &T\\omcylClinicalAnatomy ofthe Lumbar Spine ChurchiU Livingstone.
513-201 PHYSIOTHERAPY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 2
Contact Three hours ofpractical classes aweek; a 1 hourclinical session a week. (Allyear)
Coordinator: Ms G Webb.
Objectives: This subject is taught in conjunction with thesubject Theory of Physiotherapy Practice. On completion of this subject, smdents should:
Comprehetul: The importance of effective communication and interpersonal skilLs in physiotherapy practice; the aetiology, pathol- ogy, physiotherapy and medical management of major soft tissue injuries; the normal detemunants of gait and how they are meas- ured; the principles of the theory and practice of motor skill learning and its apphcation to the retraining of movement; the principles involved in assessment procedures and problem sohing processes as apphed to clinical decision making; the principles involved in exercise presription; die principles involved in mobilis- ing techniques; the principles involved in basic neurological treat- ment; the principles of basic cardiothoracic treatmenL
Have Developed: An ability to obtain and interpret appropriate assessment details foUowing subjective and objective assessment, and to record these findings; an ability to problem solve in assessment and treatment selection; an ability to analyse posture and movement, both normal and abnormal; satisfactory skills in patient handling, positioning and transfers; skills in the selection and perfoimance of appropriate techniques to mobilise joints and soft tissue strucmres; skills in the selection, performance and prescription of exercises including strengthening, mobihsing, postural and movement re-education; skills in the assessment, measurement and treatment techniques for the management of balance and co-ordination problems; skills in the observation, analysis and treatment techniques of gait disorders; an ability to apply slings, bandages, tape, plasters andavarietyof orthotics; skills in the observation of normal breathing patterns; skills in proprioceptive neuromuscular faciUtation techniques; skills in the safe lifting and transferring of patients.
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry andHudlh Sciences Physiotherapy
Appreciate: The need to apply scientific attitudes of inquiry and critical analysis to physiotherapy techniques and practices; the need for objective measurement and its analysis and interpretation.
Content Continuation of die first year Physiotherapy Principles and Practice.
Assessment procedures: Specifically related to soft tissue inju ries of peripheral and vertebral joints. Problem solving, subjective and objective assessments, recording, measurement of peripheral and vertebral joints; gait training and re-education; the measurement and use of gait aids, transfers and activities of dady living, observa- tion and analysis of gait deficits, gait re-education and measurement systems. Balance and co-ordination: assessment and measurement of balance reactions, co-ordination and sensation, treatment tech- niques; exercise prescription: individiial and class work. The application of bio-mechanical principles and motor skdl learning to exercise. Rehabditation including the use of selected apparatus, hydrotherapy and isokinetics; mobilising techniques: an introduc- tion to the selection and apphcation of a variety of mobilising techniques, including physiological and accessory passive move- ments for peripheral and vertebral joints, stretching techniques, active and passive, massage, active exercise; bandaging: theory and apphcation of slings, bandages, tape; indications; plaster making;
theory and apphcation of selected orthotics for upper and lower bmbs; introduction to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques; introduction to breathing exercises and posttiral drain- age.
Assessment First and second semester continuous class assessment of skilLs (40 per cent). Second semester: 2x 30 minute practical examinations (60 per cent).
Prescribed Text Maitland G D Vertebral Manipulation 5th edition 1986 Butterworth Heineman. Maitland G D Peripheral Manipulation 3rd edition 1991 Butterworth Heinemann. Corrigan B and Maitland G D Practical Orthopaedic Medicine Butterworth
& Co Ltd 1983 Sydney Toronto Wellington.
513 206 THEORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE Contact 1-hour lecture and 1-hourtutorial aweek (All Year) Coordinator: Ms G Webb.
Objectives: This subject is taught in conjuction with Physi- otherapy Principles and Practice 2. On completion of this subject, smdents should:
Compreljend: The importance of effective communication and interpersonal skills in physiotherapy practice; die aetiology, pathol- ogy, physiotherapy and medical management of major soft tissue injuries of peripheral joints and the vertebral area; the normal determinants of gait and how they are measured; the principles of the theory and practice of motor skill learning and its application to the retraining of movement die principles of exercise prescrip- tion; the principles of hydrotherapy, the principles involved in assessment procedures and problem solving processes as apphed to chnical decision making; the principles invobed in basic neuro- logical treatment the principles of basic cardiothoracic treatment Have Developed: An abihty to interpret appropriate assessment details following subjective and objective assessment and to record these findings; an abihty to problem sobe in assessment and treatment selection; an abihty to analyse posture and movement both normal and abnormal; skills in the prescription of exercises including strengthening, mobilising, postural and movement re- education; skill in collecting and analysing selected objective data relating to normal movement and hmction, skilLs in researching current hterature in soft tissue injury management
Appreciate: The need to apply scientific attimdes of inquiry and critical analysis to the theory of physiotherapy practice; the need for objective measurement and its analysis and interpretation.
Content Continuation of first year Physiotherapy Principles and Practice.
Assessment procedures: problem sohing, subjective and objective assessments, recording, measurement; gait: analysis, normal and pathological gaits, causative factors in gait pathologies, energy requirements of gait measurement systems; exercise prescription:
knowledge of the physiology, biomechanical and motor skill learning principles as apphed to exercise. Theory of hydrotherapy, theory of mobilising and stretching techniques and their role in rehabilitation, including massage; soft tissue injuries: pathology, repair processes, classification of injuries, differential diagnosis, and choice of treatment techniques, for peripheral and vertebral joints. Biomechanics of soft tissues; collagen, ligaments, tendons, muscle
Assessment First semester: Two assignments (1500 words each) (40 per cent). Second semester a 3-hour written paper (60per cent)
Prescribed Text Maitland G D Vertebral Manipulation 5th edition 1986 Butterworth Heineman. Maitland G D Peripheral Maniptuation 3rd edition 1991 Butterworth Heinemann. Corrigan B and Maitland G D Practical Orthopaedic Medicine Butterworth
& Co Ltd 1983 Sydney Toronto Wellington.
513-202 ELECTROTHERAPY
Contact A One hour lecmres and 90-minutes of practical classes aweek (AUyear).
Coordinaton ProfessorJ McMeeken.
Objectives: On completion ofthis subject smdents should:
Compreljend: the requirements for electrophysical agents in the management of patients; the necessity of safety in patient manage- ment and equipment operation: the reasons for the selection of particular electrophysical agents for patients; the need to evaluate the results of treatment continuing advances in electrotherapy.
Have developed: safe procedures in the practical application of electrophysical agents; an ability to appropriately select electrophysical agents for patient management; experience in die recording of physiotherapy treatments; the abihty to maintain electrotherapy equipment to an adequate safety standard.
Appreciate: the need for the integration of chemistry, physics, physiology, anatomy and pathology in the selection of electrophysical agents; the importance of scientific attimdes of inquiry and critical analysis in the practice of electrotherapy.
Content A practical and theoretical smdy of die principles and practiceoftreatmentand diagnosis bythermal, electrical, mechani- cal and allied forms of energy. The syllabus includes electrical safety, therapeutic heat and cold, electromagnetic radiations, elec- trical stimulation, and electromyography. The effects of these forms of energy on pathological processes is addressed.
The agents are considered in terms of physics, biophysics, physi- ological effects, indications, contra-indications, dosage, principles and techniques of apphcation, recordingand care of theapparatus.
Theoretical considerations will normally precede practical classes.
This subject commences the integration of the theory and practice of electrotherapy with the apphcation to selected clinical condi- tions. This includes the use of electrotherapy in differing age groups.
Assessment A 2-hour written examination (40 per cent) and a 30-minute practical examination (60 per cent).
Prescribed texts: Low J & Reed A Electrotherapy Explcdned:
Principles and Practice London: Butterworth Heinemann 1990.