See additional requirements for lateral entry admissions at the end of the Second Year details which follow.
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516-021 ANATOMY
Four lectures per week in term 1, and 3 lectures per week in term 2.
Two 1-hour tutorials and three 2-hour practical classes per week in terms 1 and 2.
SYLLABUS The structure, organization and development of the human body. The second year programme is a continuation of the first year Anatomy course. There are three components of the course: (1 ) Topo- graphic Anatomy, (2) Histology and (3) Embryology.
Topographic Anatomy. Topographic, radiographic, surface and applied anatomy of thorax, abdomen, pelvis, head and neck. Emphasis is placed.
on the clinically important aspects of anatomy.
Histology. Light and electron microscopic structure of the major organs and systems of the body. Emphasis is placed on the relationships between structure and function.
Embryology. Development of the major organs and systems of the body.
LABORATORY WORK
Topographic Anatomy. Two sessions per week in terms 1 and 2 in which the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, head and neck of the human body are dissected.
Histology. One session per week in terms 1 and 2 in which the micro- scopic structure of the major organs and systems of the body is examined.
Embryology. Practical class demonstrations (during Histology practical classes) on the development of the major organs and systems of the body.
REQUIREMENTS Students must provide themselves with a set of dissecting instruments and a half set of bones. Students are supplied with slides and a microscope by the department, or may provide their own microscope. Microscopes supplied by the department are for use within the department only. Students are required to wear white coats in the dissecting room.
ASSESSMENT A practical examination on term 1 work at the end of term 1. One 3-hour written paper and an oral examination on the whole course in Topographic Anatomy (including material from first year), and one 3-hour written paper and an oral examination on the whole course in Histology and Embryology (including material from first year) immediately following the end of term 2.
536-021 PHYSIOLOGY
The course is a continuation of that commenced in Third term of First year and comprises 2 lectures and up to 4 hours laboratory class work/week throughout the year. In addition, small group tutorials and combined seminars with Biochemistry will be conducted throughout the year. Demonstrations at various hospitals will also be arranged.
SYLLABUS Lecture Programme
Term 1 — Cardiovascular system; the heart as a pump, electrocardio- gram, principle of haemodynamics, peripheral control mechanisms, integration of cardiovascular functions, regional circulation.
Term 2 — Renal Function and Acid Base regulation. Digestive System 60
Degrees of M.B.. B.S.
secretion and movements. General Metabolism energy exchange and temperature regulation.
Term 3 — Neurosciences — jointly with Anatomy — see separate entry.
LABORATORY COURSE The laboratory classes and tutorial teaching will be co-ordinated with the lecture course.
ASSESSMENT One 3-hour written examination at the conclusion of term 2 on the material presented during terms 1 and 2. Assessment is also based on laboratory work and other assignments and details will be posted at the beginning of term 1.
521-021 BIOCHEMISTRY
A course of 70 lectures (3 lectures per week throughout the first term and 3 lectures per week throughout second and third terms), approxi- mately 8 tutorials during the year and up to 5 hours per week practical work throughout the year. Combined seminars with Physiology will be conducted throughout the year, as will demonstrations at various hospitals.
SYLLABUS The course is concerned with structure-function relationships of the chemical constituents of living tissues — proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and substances of smaller molecular weight. The relevance of this knowledge to modern medicine and nutrition will be indicated throughout the course and, where appropriate, examples of acquired or inherited defects in metabolic pathways will be discussed.
The course will include the following:-
Bioenergetics. The ways in which ATP is generated and used; the role of enzymes.
Protein structure and function. The amino acids; the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins; methods of protein separa- tion; examples of biologically important proteins (e.g. haemoglobin, the lmmunoglobulins); enzymes catalysis and kinetics.
Carbohydrate structure, function and metabolism. The structures of simple dietary carbohydrates and of glucans of nutritional significance, their digestion in the intestinal tract and the absorption of the derived sugars; the principal pathways for the metabolism of the hexoses to other compounds of importance in the body and synthesis and break- down of glycogen.
Lipid structure, function and metabolism. The classes of lipids in the diet, their digestion and the absorption of the component molecules;
the pathways of degradation and synthesis of fatty acids, their Impor- tance as an energy source; the production and utilization of ketone bodies; the synthesis of triacylglycerides and of complex lipids, including cholesterol, and the role of these complex lipids in the structure and function of membranes.
Protein and amino acid metabolism. The digestion of proteins in the gut and the absorption of the constituent amino acids; factors affecting levels of amino acids in blood and tissues; protein turnover; metabolism of the amino acids with particular emphasis on the metabolic fates of the amino nitrogen and the carbon skeletons of amino acids; one carbon metabolism — the importance of methionine and of folate and vitamin В12.
Nucleotide metabolism. The structure and function of nucleic acids.
Nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis.
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Biochemistry of specialized organs and tissues. This will include: liver (including the liver-plasma system and plasma proteins), brain, kidney, muscle, connective tissue, adipose tissue, haemopoietic tissue and tumour tissue.
Integration and regulation of metabolic pathways.
PRACTICAL WORK The practical course is designed (1) to allow some acquaintance with separative and analytical procedures involved in modern biochemistry; (2) to give some insight into experimental design and factors which influence the significance of results; (3) to reinforce and extend concepts introduced in the lecture course. In addition to experimental work, practice classes are given to assist the students in handling biochemical data and in conducting literature searches.
LABORATORY CLASSES Students are divided itno two groups. One group attends Biochemistry for two consecutive days while the other group attends Physiology. The groups alternate an a weekly basis throughout the year. Students who did First Year in 1980 will continue in the same groups as for Physiology 536-011. Other students will be assigned a group. All students must report to the Preparation Room Maxwell Laboratory, during either the Monday or Tuesday of the first week of term 1 to be allotted partners and to collect practical notes.
ASSESSMENT One 1 %-hours' examination at end of first term and an end-of-year examination of 3 hours; viva voce tests as notified by the department. Assessment of the practical course is continuous by marking of laboratory notebooks and reports.
500-202 NEUROSCIENCE
SYLLABUS The course consists of two components:
(a) A course of lectures, demonstrations and practical work on the gross and microscopic structure of the human nervous system and the special sense organs. The brain and spinal cord are dissected; students are also required to study prepared dissections and histological slides. (Lectures
— 3 hours/week; laboratory classes — 2 hours/week.)
(b) A course of lectures, demonstrations and laboratory work on the functioning human nervous system. The neural mechanisms of vision, hearing, somatic sensibility, the regulation of limb position and move- ment, hypothalmic function, asymmetry of cerebral function, speech mechanisms and those of learning and memory will be considered.
(Lectures — 2 hours/week; laboratory classes — 12 hours in all.) The two components of the course have been integrated to emphasize the relationship between structure and function of the nervous system.
Students will also attend a series of neurology seminars designed to illustrate the relation of the neurosciences to clinical medicine.
(Seminars — 2 hours/week.)
REQUIREMENTS As with Anatomy (516-021) and Physiology (536-021);
a bound laboratory notebook will be required for neuroanatomy.
ASSESSMENT One 2-hour written examination at the end of the course.
Assignments during the course. The neuroanatomy laboratory notebook will be examined at the end of the course. At the beginning of the course, students will be notified of the weighting given to these exercises in the final assessment. An oral examination may be required.
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Degrees of M.B., B.S.