After a year of operation, it turned out that there were many users of the consultancy service for the tea grower. In any year, g a i n s from the user of the service varies greatly on a farm compared to.
Usefulness of Trichogramma parasites was improved by directing concentrated releases to areas where borer eggs were most plentiful
Control of the entire insect population in the area was achieved, as a large number of all fields requiring control were treated in a timely manner; thereby preventing general accumulation and spread. Established breeding programs of various sugar producing countries around the world produce and evaluate thousands and in some cases millions of sugarcane seedlings annually in an effort to select varieties that better meet the specific requirements of their industries.
17 Single space-planted seedling populations from bi-parental crosses
In the spring of 1955, 26 crucifers were planted in the field both singly and in bunches for future comparative analyses. Competition between potted seedlings was strong and it seemed as if in many cases a single seedling or just a few had started to dominate the bunches before they were placed in the field.
19 Several methods to lessen competition in pots immediately suggest
We have only just begun to gather some basic information on the effectiveness of selection in the first stubble of single stools for various agronomic traits of sugarcane in La. Data can be collected to indicate the relative effectiveness of selection for various traits using the two methods at the Baton Rouge Station. ,.
21 obtain more high sucrose segregates through selective crossing of high
Since the advent of the mechanical harvester, every effort has been made to scrupulously meet the standards set for uprightness. The development of the picking attachment to the cane harvester will now allow the selection of some varieties with greater accommodation tendencies than could be tolerated in the p a s t .
39 side of the wagon and fits into two sockets on both ends of the cane cart
First, there is the possibility of the presence of insect residues in the edible products of the crop. During the treatment of the reeds, thermocouples were placed in the reed stems to determine the exact temperature from the beginning to the end of the treatment.
53 the cane showed that the disease was not eliminated by the 2 hour treat-
The spread of d i s e a s e from plant canes to first stumps with the cane knife was found to be very rapid. With this tool arrangement, it is possible to standardize the row spacing e s s e n t ial for the operation of the planter. In the 1955 design, each of the two seed containers was located between the feed chute and the tractor a n g i n e.
The front wheels and axle of the tractor were removed and installed on the front of the planter. The tractor engine was supported by an extension of the main frame of the planter. Unfortunately, the condition of the boiler feed water treatment and the condition of the boiler water that exists in the drums or vessels of operating boilers is not given sufficient importance in most Louisiana sugar factors.
Every sugar factory in Louisiana should have competent chemical control over the condition of the boiler feed water as much as it will over the sugar and sugar solutions in the factory p r o c e s . Part of the difficulties experienced in centrifugal boiler feed pumps in the Louisiana sugar industry are due again. There are other very important engineering inputs required for proper boiler feed pump operation than stream temperature.
97 We invite any discussion of this subject either at this meeting or
0 0 per boiler in operation it would be necessary for the laboratory to prepare a daily report showing the relevant factors that are important for efficient operation with r e s p e c t , for i n s t a n c e , to the amount of steam required per ton of land c a n e measured in steam of work m e t e r s. It is a c o n c l u s i o n that all the b a g a s produced by the sugar industry in Louisiana and for that matter the sugar industry in Florida can be u t i l i z e d in a paper mill to produce marketable p r o d u c t . A paper mill can handle the entire output of the Louisiana sugar industry, but being so much for a diamond, one cannot be the only s t o n e .
It should be used for in d u s t r ia l r e a s and reduce the demand for our forest which can be used to produce wood in n s t e a d of paper pulp t o k. We believe that a business in Louisiana can be competitively sold to a paper producer for wood pulp at daily labor and material costs to the benefit of the Paper Industry and the Sugar Industry of any authority in Louisiana. i n d u s t r y. We realize that many factors are not covered that should be covered, but a book cannot be put into a paper form.
This time is measured from the time the supply valve is c l o s e d to the time it opens for the next c y c l .
114 For this reason we worked very hard to obtain accurate weights at
115 made the belt is clean. As soon as sugar is carried by the belt there is
Shortly after the close of the 1950 milling season, the management of the LaFourche Sugar Company made arrangements for the transportation of sugar in bulk.
117 sugar into trucks, or carry it to the inclined belt conveyor which we
Tractors operated in the field, steam and overheating are not efficient, and u n l e s attended will soon require ex t e n s i v e r e p a i r s .
121 repairs, is not only inefficient, but often a hazard to the operator
They lose fifty cents of their bond dollar, half their bond dollar goes on the junk pile.
124 With water we have an entirely different substance. Water under
In these tests, there was a significant effect on the overall height of the plants that received five foliar applications of gibberellic acid. What are the limiting factors in achieving the most effective control of the sugarcane borer within the sections? This fact increases the importance of the destruction of the borer's natural enemies by an organic ins e c t i c i d e.
Destruction of natural enemies of sugarcane borer and other insects by many insecticides, especially organics. Ryania does not destroy the natural enemies of the borer or the yellow cane aphid. Apparently, this condition is the result of their harmful effect on the "natural enemies" of the borer.
Protecting the lower nodes in this way means that the cane plant can withstand the dreaded back attack.
CONCLUSIONS
After considering the principles involved in the chemical control of the sugar cane borer we must conclude that at this time the main
The application time is greatly improved and applications are not started in any area and in any place until the development of the drills warrants it. Equally important is the fact that unnecessary applications are removed and the number of applications to be used is governed by the actual weekly conditions. In the Bunkie area, where organic insecticides are used extensively on cotton and borer infestation is so severe and widespread, endrin seems to have a place and should be tried on a large scale, but closely watched.
It was brought into the research program for this purpose, with the idea that it can do a better job and save on the number of applications under the existing conditions. Ryania is a safe and effective insecticide with specific uses and benefits for practical control of the borer that no organic is known to have, and it would be a serious loss to the sugarcane industry if it were to be dropped in favor of an "all out" program based on an organic material or its supply interrupted until a better material similar to nature is found and developed. Its use is supported by more than fifteen years of r e - s e a r c h , field testing and practical field application.
Furthermore, since the transfer of the parasite rearing activities from the university to a commercial source, nothing has been done to support the recent statement about their effectiveness.
Due to labor conditions and the fact that we were trying to get this Harvester into the field during the 1957 harvest at the l a t e s t , we did finish this machine in time to give it a fair test at the very last stage. from the 1957 vintage - and it's promising. The cost of the 2 row harvester will apparently be about one third more than the cost of the single row. With both the M i s s i s s i p p i terrace soils and the soils of the current floodplain, physical properties of texture, structure and drainage are more important than chemical properties in determining the soil's s u i t ability for sugarcane production.
The soils most suitable for sugarcane are the medium-textured soils that occur on the natural levees of the s t r e a m s . The higher elevation of the natural levee allows it to drain on the lower lying area toward the backswamp. They made general observations of texture, color and water movement in soil profiles and made
A slight stress in the 0 to 1 atmosphere range is in the removal of a large fraction of the groundwater.
NONCAPILLARY POROSITY
Per cent total volume
Per cent clay
Tension in atmospheres
The relative volumes of soil o l i d s , large pores, and capillary pores in the Cypremort silt loam s e l e c t e d for this study, Figure 4, show a fairly porous, well-drained soil down to a depth of 33 i n c h e . This soil usually has an accumulation of clay in B -horizon as a result of profile development, but the increase in clay content in the B-horizon was not particularly pronounced in the studied profile. Moisture r e l e a s e curves for this soil show that the water-holding capacity of the surface horizons is low, Figure 6, but that the clay underlying the s e horizons is capable of holding considerable moisture.
In fact, about one-third of the total volume of soil at the wilting point of this layer is occupied by water. The soil of the Baldwin Series is closely associated with the Cypremort soil on the natural levees along Bayous Teche, S a l e and Cypremort. They occur at a lower elevation and are composed of finer textured material than Cypremort s o i l s .
The studied Baldwin silt profile has a favorable distribution of pore space between large pores and capillary pores in the surface horizon, Figure 7, but the low non-capillary porosity of the subsoil emphasizes slow internal drainage.
Per cent of total volume
Tensions in atmospheres
The distribution of clay in the profile, Figure 14, is the result of the sedimentation of materials of different texture, as this soil is not mature enough for distinct clay eluviation. In an additional study designed to determine how much improvement in Mhoon soil structure could be achieved by using a synthetic soil improver, several levels of Krilium were added to soil samples and allowed to incubate. Another example of the effectiveness of butterflies in maintaining a favorable soil structure is shown by the results of a laboratory and field experiment on Commerce loam (4).
This soil is similar to Mhoon soil, but coarser and better drained. In this experiment, butterflies, hairy v e t c h , were grown every year, and they were turned in the spring. A treatment that received nitrogen from fertilizer every spring and an untreated c h e c k were also included in the experiment.
Some physical properties of this soil at the end of this time are shown in Table 2.
Percent Krilium
