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ISBN: 978-1-62276-244-6

Corrosion and Prevention 2008

Wellington, New Zealand

16-19 November 2008

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Printed from e-media with permission by:

Curran Associates, Inc.

57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571

Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version.

Copyright© (2008) by the Australasian Corrosion Association All rights reserved.

Printed by Curran Associates, Inc. (2012)

For permission requests, please contact the Australasian Corrosion Association at the address below.

Australasian Corrosion Association P.O. Box 112 Kerrimuir

Victoria 3129 Australia

Phone: 61 3 9890 4833 Fax: 61 3 9890 7866 [email protected]

Additional copies of this publication are available from:

Curran Associates, Inc.

57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2634

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.proceedings.com

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

2-Component Polyurethane Topcoats – Formulating Variables Affecting Weathering Performance... 1 Edward P. Squiller, Kurt Best

A Critical Comparison Between AS/NZS 2312 and ISO 12944 Standards for Coating Selection... 9 R. A. Francis

A Durability Assessment Tool for the New Zealand Building Code... 20 N. Lee, J. Bennett, N. Marston, M. Jones

A Global Study of Chloride Induced Corrosion Within the RTA’s Reinforced Concrete Bridge Stock... 27 G. Chirgwin, P. Manamperi, M. Moore

A New Approach to Cathodically Protecting Oil and Gas Transmission Piping Subjected to Induced

Currents... 36 R. A. Gummow, S. M. Segall

A Novel 'Green' Approach to Powering Marine ICCP Systems... 44 Rajko Vukcevic

A Review of Design and Performance Criteria Requirements for the Cathodic Prevention of Concrete

Structures... 62 P. Vimpani, P. Karajayli

Accelerated Corrosion Testing... 71 Keith A. Lichti

Advances in Service Life Prediction – An Overview of Durability and Methods of Service Life

Prediction for Nonstructural Building Components... 81 Michael A. Lacasse

An Assessment of Fluorotitanate Conversion Coatings for Prepainted Applications... 94 Rajiv Edavan, Alf Ruggieri, Richard Kopinski

An Investigation of the Effect of Various Heat Treatments on the Corrosion Resistance of a High-

strength Aluminum-Copper Casting Alloy... 109 M. Manivannan, J. H. Sokolowski, D. O. Northwood

Analysis of Anode Arrays... 119 Graeme Gummow

Anodizing of Aerospace Grade 7050 T-74541 Aluminium Alloy for Improved Corrosion Resistance... 120 L. P. Ward, E. Tang, D. Cromwell, A. Butler, A. Trueman, B. Hinton, G. McAdam

Asbestos Cement Pipes – Corrosion Measurement... 132 John Black, Jonathan Morris

Assessing the Risk of Zinc Chromate in Paints... 141 C. Bodle, F. Salome

Asset Risk Minimisation Plans for Steel Penstocks & Pipelines... 142 J. Davies

Brisbane City Council Water Distribution Implementation of an Asset Management Plan for

Cathodic Protection of Buried and Submerged Metallic Infrastructure... 152 Mike Jukes

Calamities, Corrosion, Leaky Buildings and the Law... 165 Andrew McGregor

Cathodic Corrosion Protection of Pre-corroded Steel in Concrete with Galvanic Zinc Anodes... 175 L. Stockert, A. Herrmann, N. Braun

Coating Durability Prediction of Buried Structures & Pipelines... 184 N. Adamson

Combinations of Corrosion Protection Systems for Marine Structures & Jetties.... 193 Steve Pearce, Brian Dunsterville

Computer Simulation of Pitting Corrosion: Multiple Interacting Pits... 203 D. Krouse, P. McGavin, N. Laycock

Controlling Corrosion in Australasia: A Report Card... 211 L. H. Boulton

Corrosion Behaviour of 304 Stainless Steel in Carburising Gases... 218 Jianqiang Zhang, David J. Young

Corrosion Control on Australian Defence Force Aircraft – Future Challenges... 229 Bruce Hinton, Tony Trueman, Steve Galea, Ivan Cole, Samm Miah, Len Davidson, Qianchu Liu

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Corrosion Investigation of Vitreous Enamel Coatings to Improve Bonding and Reduce Corrosion in

Concrete Reinforcing Steel... 242 Sean W. Morefield, Philip G. Malone, Vincent F. Hock, Donna C. Day, Charles A. Weiss Jr.

Corrosion of Galvanized Potable Water Piping – A Report of a Chain of Avoidable Events... 249 Robert Jeffrey

Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D: An SVET Based Study... 256 A. Saxena, R. K. Singh Raman, M. Tamilselvi, S. Ramu, A. K. Shukla, M. Brandt, S. A. Furman

Corrosion of Marine Grade Aluminium Alloys... 262 P. L. Mart, E. Pescott, S. Russo, L. M. Pedrina, N. Gage

Corrosion of Mg Alloy ZE41... 274 W. C. Neil, P. C. Howlett, M. Forsyth, B. R. W. Hinton

Corrosion Preventative Compounds: A Chemistry Perspective... 275 Brent Martin, Patricia Shaw, Toyah Purdie

Corrosion Profiles of Mild Steel in Varying Tidal Seawaters... 288 Robert Jeffrey, Robert E. Melchers

Corrosion Resistance of Nanocrystalline Fe-Cr Alloys... 300 Rajeev K. Gupta, R. K. Singh Raman, Carl C. Koch

Corrosion Risk Management and Assessment for an Offshore Topside Processing Facility... 301 V. Afshari

CP Cable Insulation – Do’s and Do Nots’... 315 Wayne Burns

Determination of Threshold Stress Intensity Factor (KISCC) of Simulated Haz in Caustic Solution

Using Circumferential Notch Tensile Technique... 319 R. K. Sarvesh Pal, Singh Raman, R. N. Ibrahim

Durability Planning for New Infrastructure Projects... 327 Sarah Furman

Effect of Temperature on Oxide Film Morphology for Steel Exposed to 3.5 M Sodium Hydroxide... 339 R. Wood, D. Druskovich, J. N. Connor

Effect of Trace Dissolved Oxygen on the Cathodic Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Corrosion of Carbon

Steel... 347 Douglas John, Stuart Bailey, Brian Kinsella, Roland De Marco

Electrochemistry of Zinc Anode Z1 As 2239-2003... 352 H. Flitt, P. Schweinsberg

Electrolytic Corrosion in Condensate Transportation Pipelines... 360 M. Molyneaux, T. Irwin, N. Laycock

Environmentally Friendly High Performance Coatings... 365 P. Fisher

Evaluation of Corrosion Preventive Compounds Using ASTM Standards G44 and G50... 370 Michael Hollis, Alan James, Patrick Conor

Evidence for Microbiological Influenced Longer-term Corrosion in Tidal and Coastal Atmospheric

Corrosion of Steel Elements... 381 Robert E. Melchers, Robert Jeffrey

Extension of Design Life of Existing Maritime Infrastructure – A Durability Perspective... 390 F. Blin, D. Law, M. C. Dacre, C. J. Op’T Hoog, B. Gray, R. Newcombe

Forensic Assessment and Rehabilitation of a 30 Year Old Cathodic Protection System on a Steel Piled

Building... 402 Ulf Kreher, Adrian Vinnell, Ike Solomon

Galvanic Liquid Applied Coating for the Protection of Concrete Reinforcement... 413 Andrea Hansen, Alla Furman, Marlin Hansen, Angel Green

Galvanizing Difficult Steels... 421 John Robinson

Getting the Best from Your Stainless Steel... 429 Graham A. Sussex

Guide for Measurement of Interference Caused by Cathodic Protection and Railway Drainage

System... 439 Peter Hosford

Hindsight and Oversight – Corrosion Lessons Learned... 446 Alan James

Identifying the Cause of Concrete Degradation in Prestressed Bridge Piles... 454 S. M. Bruce, S. A. Freitag, A. Shayan, R. Slaughter, R. Pearson

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Intergranular Corrosion and Residual Stress Determination of Aduplex Stainless Steel Pipeline Girth

Weld... 465 B. Gideon, L. P. Ward

Is Direct Assessment a Valid Approach for Pipeline Integrity Management?... 475 C. J. Argent, J. Healy, C. Yoxall

Kinetic and Microstructural Analyses of Chromia Forming Alloys During Cyclic Oxidation... 485 N. K. Othman, J. Zhang, D. J. Young

Lessons Learned – Deepwater Thermal Insulation Coatings... 496 Alex Garner

Localised Galvanic Corrosion Processes in Thermal Spray Coated/Cast Aluminium Alloy Systems... 504 D. Culliton, A. Betts, D. Kennedy

Long-term Observations of Reinforcement Corrosion for Concrete Elements Exposed to the North

Sea... 517 Robert E. Melchers, Chun Q. Li

Methodology for Studying and Predicting Corrosion Performance of Reinforcing Materials in

Inorganic Polymer Concrete... 527 J. Soltis, R. Julian, C. K. Chua, K. Lichti, D. Krouse

One Pack Polysiloxane Coatings – Features and Benefits... 537 M. N. Bavin, K. T. Constable, L. H. P. Gommans, G. Kay

Oxidation of Silver-Platinum Alloy Materials in Different Electrolytes... 542 Yanmei Ma, A. J. Betts, J. F. Cassidy

Pitting and Intergranular Corrosion of Friction Stir Welded AA6082-T6 in an Accelerated Corrosion

Environment... 543 Benjamin Withy, Alan James, Patrick Conor

Pitting Corrosion in a Carbon Steel Produced Water Line... 547 N. Laycock, J. Soltis

Polarisation Behavior of Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel... 555 M. Bobby Kannan, A. Bakshi, R. K. Singh Raman, S. Khoddam

Protecting the Future of Queensland’s Water Supply... 559 Francis Carroll, Geoff Cope

Quantum Chemical Charactrization of Pyridine Derivatives As HCL Inhibitors of Aluminium

Surface... 570 E. Jamalizadeh, A. H. Jafari, S. M. A. Hosseini

Quantum Chemical Study of Some Lactones As Inhibitors for Mild Steel in 1m Hydrochloric Acid... 580 E. Jamalizadeh, S. M. A. Hosseini, A. H. Jafari

Real-time Downhole Corrosion Monitoring... 590 M. I. Jafar, S. A. Al-Jutaily, A. H. Al-Rasheed, A. A. Al-Shayeb, A. A. Al-Ghafly, K. Spicer

Refurbishment of the Paringa Road Bridge – Third Party Surveillance of QA Contract... 591 V. Thomas, D. Richards, F. Salome

Review of Methods for the Determination of Ferrous- and Zinc-based Corrosion Rates in Aqueous

Timber Preservatives Containing Copper... 592 Gareth Kear, Hai-Zhèn Wú, Mark S. Jones

Role of Micro-/Nanocrystalline Structure in Oxidation of Fe-Cr Alloys... 603 R. K. Singh Raman Rajeev, K. Gupta, A. J. Atanacio, K. Prince, C. C. Koch

Stainless Steels – Corrosion Behaviour of Ferritic and Austenitic Grades Compared... 610 Alex Gouch, William McMillan

Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Biodegradable Magnesium-based Alloy in Simulated

Physiological Condition... 619 M. Bobby Kannan, R. K. Singh Raman

The Design of a One Component, High Solids, Voc Compliant, High Durability Finish Technology... 623 Emmanuelle Schwob, Adrian F. Andrews, Steve Nixon, Michael Donkin, Louise Carr

The Effect of Concentration and Structure of La/Ce Based Inhibitors on the Corrosion Rate of Mild

Steel in Aqueous Chloride Solution... 634 M. Behrouzvaziri, B. Hinton, M. Forsyth

The Experience Operation of Gas Pipeline Tubes of 1420 mm Diameter Strength Category X67…70

by API 5L in Russia... 641 S. A. Lubenskiy, G. S. Rakitina

The Influence of Copper Content in Aluminium Alloys on the Corrosion Inhibiting Performance of

Cerium Diphenyl Phosphate.... 642 Julie-Anne Hill, Tracey Markley, Maria Forsyth, Patrick Howlett, Bruce Hinton

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The Influence of Hard Water on Domestic Water Pipes in Rural Communities in the Northern

Territory, Australia... 643 Rana Everett

The Integration of Corrosion & Process Engineering for Optimized Asset Integrity Management

Practice... 656 O. Susic, P. Wilson

The Jordan River Bridge Refurbishment Project – Hobart Water... 664 Simon McCrossen, Russell Fox

The Remarkable State of Metal Passivity and the Origins of Its Breakdown... 674 G. Tim Burstein

The Repair of Live Wastewater Facilities Using Calcium Aluminate Mortars... 675 M. Kurtovich, M. Lawson

The Role of Protective Coatings in an Asset Integrity Management System... 683 Geoff White

The Use of Coutinho Rings in Developing Repair Mortars to Meet EN 1504... 695 Colin Peterson

The Use of Electro-osmotic Pulse Technology to Reduce Moisture Content of Concrete... 702 Orange S. Marshall, Vincent F. Hock, Brendan J. Danielson, Katherine A. Masko

Three Year Observations of Corrosion Losses for Steels at a Severe Marine Atmospheric Site... 715 R. Jeffrey, R. Melchers

Towards an Understanding of the Occurrence of Atmospheric Chloride-induced Stress Corrosion

Cracking in Types 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steels... 727 A. Cook, A. Sherry, J. Walton, D. Phan, S. Lyon

Use of Soil Test Data to Correlate Pit Depth and Modeling of Pit Depth Growth: A Review... 740 Matthew Dafter

Using Corrosion Information for Asset Management... 750 Jonathan Morris

Author Index

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