Havelock North : a study of population growth and the changing nature of the town since 1952 : a thesis ... for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography

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Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author.

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BAVBI.OC& JfOUH I A STUDT OF POPUUTlOI GROWTH AD T1IB CRAJIGDIC BATVJlE OP ^TBB TOW SDCB 1952

A !heal• PNtWted la ParcJ.al F\llf'ilaeat

ot

tu

&eqal, ••ata for ~ n...,... ~ M.-ter of Aftll i leopaphy at Mauey tJll:1.-.eraity

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It wolll.cl be illlposaible to detd.l al.l the aaa,- peop1e who

haYe aaaiateicl in tile preparation of this theaia bl&t ..,...teat appreciation JBW1t be p.ven to •1' aaperYiaor, Mr. E.C.R.. Warr, Geop-aphy Departaeot, Ma••e,r Uoiverait7, for hi.a advice and eo11atructive c r i t i c i - and to aeabera o~ the staff of the H~veloek lorth .BoroQCh Couac.il, in particular the Towo Clerk, Mr. V. Const ntine, for aking svailE!ble :i:mch info t i ,n tld

lw~ys being willing to a iat.

Appreei('ltion is aleo due to Hr. R.G. Heerdepn, Geopapll,- Department, M-· y Univerai.ty, who, in the C«\pacity of friend,

urged, coerced and encoura d the a~thor incre~sin ly; to Mira. J. Lockett for so ably t,-pina t.h theai.•J to the Deparct.aent of St tistica, Wellingtou forte proYiaion

or

vnpublished material;

to Mr. J. S

oetou

of Aeri 1 Mappina, Haatinp, for the intereat taken in the care in reprod11ci

c

the aapa :tnd tliagruae; and to Jfr. R • • Fi • nginoer, aati11,aa City Counoil, for inforaatioo pelati». to tche propoaecl futllf"e evelopaent of Haati City.

many the• who •• i•tecl in a • riety of waya

ed a the author i.• deeply i bted Ida

wi.te esbibJ.. cl t • tri l a • wit ood thlPlnc the nr11"DD.raU ol thia rk. ·t t at

here ta D01ta1bility i t would •• been

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l i i .

PUPACB

Many - a l l towna in New Zealand haYe underpne a chance

in role in the twentieth centw-y depeaclina upon their relationabip with a oe.arby l arpr urban centre. In..._. inatancea the

relationsllip luua becoae totally cluuiced u a reaalt of caaplete abeorpti.oo o~ the -&ller c•tre bJ' the la.rpr and tbe cleYelos-ent ef Greater Aueklaad 1• an exaapl• of thia. Utenuatiyel.7, tbe

-•11 towa aay retain lt• iDAU.rldlaal.J.t.,- to a

..-at• ..

^{enent ,.-}

uncte.rp a alptficant cllanae in frmct.icm, deYel.opinc a.a a reaidential aubm-b •~ the lu-pr town or city to the cletriaent of ita 'al.1-Nmld' developaent.

S.ch ta the ea- of HaY.tock lorth, ^A tOlfll aituated on the 1 ~ alopea o-f a ranee of hilla approdaately three a i l • eaat . t Ha.ati.np Cit,-. Foll.Old.ea it• I.Aeeption 111 1860 after a abort.

period of initial. powth tbe tow.Dahip becaai to decline in iaportance and for a period

et

about aixty yea•• froa &ftRIJld 1890 to 19SO it.

vaa Yirt&&a11y little ao . . than a .,.all ¹peacdul Yillace' aerri.nc

pri.aaril7 aa a retlNIINDt centre and a

•ldp-cl. ~

¹ ,...tdential allburb of Butin,p. Within the laat tvo decacta.,

la...,.-,, tu

popalat.ioa

d ••••leek

^•erta.

ua

^{p • n}eoaaiderablT fna 1,828 i.11

l9SI

i.o

S,472

la

1966.

~ ld.U. ~ u•c~ated

ell•-

^wlu.dlbaYe ecCIIIT9d, botll tirect;ly aad liMliNC~l.1'• i.a ta. ...-pilo1ea

. t

tJae ... ud tblt ellaract ...

of~..._..,.

pe,-latioa 'llldclk pNri.._ tile

b••I•

^for

tide atlNI:,.

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HaYeloc-k onh, howeYer, is alao of inteN8t in that

aany of the borough'• reaidenta aeem.incly do not wiah to acknow- ledge or a-ecopiae that Havelock North is no lonpr the •village•

of to...- tilllea, a hoae predoainontly for retired aD4 •well-to-do' peraoaa. Althoup recent cbanpes bave radically altered tbi•

iaap o~ Hnelock orth tlle idea of a 'village• caterin& alaoat

aolely for elderly and aoneyed raoaa is atill remarkably prevalent

aaonc

aany reaidellt.a of both H velock Jorth and neig.bbotlrinc tarban cent, . . .

Although t e arc,wtb experie.ced by Rovelock ortb appean to have ariaea since 194S, thi •tudy confiaea itself pri.uu1rily to

that growth which baa taken place since 19Sl. Thia deciaion waa made becaaae RaYelock North was constituted a borou early ia

1952 aad beca.._. eeaaua ficurea are vailable for 1951 aAd sub•equezlt five year interval.a. Cenaua returns fl"OJB the Nev Zeal and General Censuaee of 1~51, t9S6, 1961 and 1966, hove provided basic

•tatiatical data on population, th njority of th r ind r of the inf'ona3tion within thi• study haYing ori,iinat from a

q.-tionnaire diatri ted to aaapl o'f tb popta.l tion i t..a:..r, 1968 (211 ueati• airea were co riain& 12.8 per e t

d tile total poplllaU ), troa per nal i ta-Yi • with reai4eat.a

of H&Yel k rt • fl"CIII a la 1111e S1U"Ye7 cond eted by tAe

aa.bor i.a Aam~, I 67 reriai f whi , was n ua r, i .

ucua-t,

l •

Thi.a at.wt,, aM oat. to

•t•

^1:1.ala ^t ^en

a oce....-.. wi.~ ff ....tock a u . 1 ~ ei. ce 1951

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find a po••lb.le cwer-Pi.diac esplwti or es.p1anat;J.eas for The extent of

iaveetipted priaarily thl"Olluni the uae ot pvernaent at tiatical publicatJ.oaa. Th . . . aouree4J ....,.al.ed that tlt.e popalatJ.on baa beea increaa.iac' at ever-iacre.aalac rate, and tile author'•

Nt&earch on tile aorpholoey of the

borouch

NtYealed that eonc::cnz!tant

crowtta

haa ocearred i.n the - h e r of . . _ ba.ilt. i · the nmaber

o'f retail facilit.t.- ••ailable ia the least of roacUnc wit the bOJl'OUtldlJ fartlMmaore. at ~are a aajor cllanp in the ap Rfllc-tare i . e . ~ p••portloa of

a

^people^baa

i

.-.a•••

^n11e^{~ t}^of

tu

^{. i . .}

•ce ...-

kaa decS"eaaed.

Bxplane~iona for th.la CNW~ mul dlaqe __..

aeupt

^princip-

to a uaple of the reeidenu aa well aa to all retail_.. a t.he Olfflet"II or aan.-a . . ^irraof all tb• vari.oua industrial C:el'llll witllin Uaflltlock Jlonh. Xt waa aleo neceaaary to• t ~ElOI" to iaolate fNIII tbe

repaten

of bi.tha and de tha in tbe Baft.lnp COlU"t IIOWM t • a ber•

f

^birt ^d tba recorded for Ba..-eloclt orth durinc the period ndes- conaicter tion. keau.lta

r....

~ 80llf'C• l.Ddieate t UMllllll,a f acto . . whicb ba.e

played - art ta attractin,r l.Uoa to the IJOJr"CNllab are • F

Yaried, t1- w t tapo.rt atncl• tactoP • t.tae rel tionalp o ~ • llaatlap.

••l'"tll

^i•PPildlla:l.a-

1~ a ._.._. , . tor . . . _._ ud, a , . . . i u 1mua1

~- ltGlt

•t,

^al^.^...

-·ta

i eloek . . i ~

r

t. a-..

.,._ N1 ^~

n u.111e •

^Tile^earl,- ^{lta . ,}

tu

to,lflltdd.p

l a.._.iy re11111U.

· illP•

^1ddle^~^.._

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~ h aa appanntly occurred primarily•hrouah the l bilit,-

ot

Raatinp to accwodate cm-rent pt'OWth aa4

preeent,

altbolaeh aa yet not particularly well-ddiaed treada augut that in the

fature th role

or

^Ra• ^lock^Wort.h âay^-cain^be^thatôfâerTi.ftc

aa ^2t •higb-elR •' reeidentia1 auburb

o-r

Hutiap.

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Preface

CHAPTER 1 1

HAVILOCI( NORTH, VJl.LAG

The Stop-0..e~ Period 1860-1890

Period of Rel tive Dec1ine 1890-1901 Period of evived Growth t~Ot-1951

CllAPTElt 2 a POPULATIOft GrtO"tw"TH Slll~B t

9,51

Total Population Growth

Changes in Diatribation of Po lation Changiag Age Structure

Changing acia1 Composition Ch,;,we:L"lg Occupati.onal Stl"UCtm-e

CHAPTER 3 t

IMPACT Of fOPULATIOlf G!ml li5J-lit8

COIIIIU'Cia.l Exp ai.

Attp ct1

nc

centre

eral paaree 1 Aet.iri:ty CBAPT 4 t

T I net of Inc

Te ole t 1 I r ae in the Popal Uoa Grovtb

or

^t95t-l

rue

i i i

..

1 10 12

19 19 22 22

27 28

33

...

36 45 49

53

57

57 51

s

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The Effect at In-ereaai.ng Numb-era ot People 2S - 3-4 Teare of .Age

'the Ef'fect. ot Popalation Over

SS

Teare of Age The aetire11ent Puaetioa of BaYe1ock Borth in 196-8

Bf'fect.a of th1t Changing Racial Ceapoei tion

B~feete of the Cbangioc Occupational Structm-e The Poaaible tfecta of' Lower Inco e Groups Inmatrial BspanJdon

CHAPTER 5 :

PUNCIPAL u ~ sgss FOR 1u

^G1U)\ffif

OF

HAYELQCJ NOffll 1951-19 8

Physical Fa.ctora Climate

S -R11.ral Cb ract.er EcoDGIDic Factora

A ailability of Sect.ions

Cheap 5eeti:

Bapl.oyaont

Miacdl- · - F eto

CBAPTR 7 t

a.r ..

enea

A.ppenllice.

tage

61 63

64

"

67 68 70

74

76

76 79 81

82 62 83

86 6

88 6

l t2

I 7 114 139

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Fipre 1 Fipre 2 Figure 3 Fi.pre 4

Fipre S Ficw-e 6 Fipre 7

Pi.pre 8

Ficrure 9

Ficure to

Ficure 11

C

s :

I

: : :

:

. . .

_•

l

Yst

Of

fIGUJtES

OriaJ.nal Section• Offered For Sale, 1860 Urban Section.a Circa 1880

iapi.e,, Haatiap, HaYelock Area, 186S Population Growth 1901-1966

Ap/Sex St"1cture 1951, 19S6, 1961, t~66 Boundary CbaQCea Since 1951

Houainc Prior to and Subsequent to 1950 in 1968

Major Sub-Diviaiona Since 1960 s Mew Road.a Since 1950

Shoppinc Centre 1952, 1968

Proxilllity of HAYelock North and H~atinp Averace Daily Tr &ffic Flow, Hnveloek North/

H~atiuga RoAd, Aupat 1968

5 6

1

20

3S

91

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LIST 9l TABLBS

Table I t BayeJ.ock )l..-.t,11. Popalat.J.on Gt'OlfUl 1991-19S1

t:YII

12

n

^I Reaidenta 65

rura

^of

ace

^&o.d ^overJ 1936-19.St 17

III I Population Growth 1951-1960 21

IV a Length of l l e a i ~ in DaYel.oek North 21 V I Popu.1.atJ.oa 1>1.atribu.tion by Age Groupe l9St-t966 22 VI I Primary School Rolls 1950-1968 24 Vll I h e - - - in Pre-school Ap Group 1951-1966

15

VIII t lllllllbeJoa P.-cent - of People 15-S4

,-ara•

1951-1966

X t Oceapational Status. Havelock N.-th l9S6. 1961,

1966 29

ll I Sc1l.at7 and

wace

&al"IMtra, llavelock Borth 1968 30 lll : Proporti.oa

f

!'opal.a

19'

31

ll:Il'. t P.oport.J. ^,alC

ance

in Incluat.rial

Seeton, t 961-

1966 31

UY & Pena.it. Ieau.ecl to .. _, Dwelliap, April l•t.• 1937 -

.. ...._. tn,

1968 37

xv , Botllli"'C Pendu f•r F1 ta and stat.e

lliiii•••

1955-19

xvt •

ayaeo.t.a for Mai.Dteaa ce of

ao

•eai1:1&.

^1951-1966 ^J.a ^avel ^k

DU t

••el°*

^{S Rh}^Slloppioc^P ^litt...¹⁹⁵²

DX 1

,s

46

41

s•

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Table llI

XXII

l l l l l

1.nv

llV

llVX

llVllI

a Mell))erahip •• at April lat of Ba..-loclt orth Pal>lic Ubru-y 1961-1968

a Bataral Increaae in BaYtiCJCk I ~

1s.,. 51 -

22.3.66

c NatU.J"al Increa ; Havelock »orth, Baat.i.np, . . . ~eal.aod, 1951-1966

1 Sport• Clu >temberahip in Havelock liortla 1952- 1968

: :N ber and Vttlue of Roua

llorth. 19 0-l 966 ^lt

in Have1ock

1 Date of co---.ceNOt ~ Incblatri- in BaYeleck North

s rth ReaJ.denta• Preri.oua lace el

•

_Live

,,,.

ss

60 62

,,

72

75

11

XXIX I Precipitation, Ha'f'olock Nort-h aDd Haatinca., 1967 78

XXX t Sect.iona Sold i ,1 HaYelock N rth aad Baati.np,

19SS-li66 83

llUX llXIII

llUV

xnv

XXXVI

• ••race Price of Sect.iooa let iu H.a•elock

!I rth HaaUap 1955-19 6

•

a Total Paaaencera B

•

^r Yahicl . .

Reci•tered

19S1-19 S

:

• au,

t

1

.DUX •

I

as

87

2

92

91

9

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Pl."te l I

Plate 2 I

Plate 3 i

Plate 4 I

LIST

Of

PLAT§§

Aerial Yi- of BaYelock Horth

sept-her.

1968

Early llcnla- •On the Flat•

Barty Boaaea ¹0n the Hill'

Bou- Batlt. Du.rill& 1950 11oaa- Bailt D1&rinc 1960

i i

15 16 42

,3

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Appeoclia A I

Appe.odjx B I

Appendix C :

Appendix D I

Appendix B :

I

Appeaclix B

LJSt OP APPQJ>WS

Es.aapl- ef tbe - and

AOD-- •~

^the

• llorth• ia tile a.aae • BaYelock Jlortb • in

the period al"Olllld 1890 - 1900.

Qaeationnaire CU.atribated to a aa11ple of the holtseholda i.a BaYel.ock Rort.h.

Maori PopalatiGD i n • - Zeal.aod ~

StaUat.i.cal A . . . 1961.

Occapatioaa Diriai.ona and Najer Gl'OllpllJ

1961. 1966.

btai.1 and Prof---1,onal Faciliti-1 19S2.

1968.

2-tiono•i•• Diat.riblatecl to aetallera.

Iocreaainc Melll>erahip i.a Coamudty ActiYitJ. . . , 1960 - 1968.

aaturaJ. I n c ~ Fi.prea for Baatinp and

»ew

Zealaad 1951 - 1966.

Appendix I ¹ Q-ti.uad.Jie Diatribat . . M Illllutrial a..bli•llll-i..

AppaGd.1-a J a Cl p?lr&U.flJ ,..,..._.atan Fipa-.119• Ba....ieclt

115

116

122

123

124 125

127

130

132

hrtll _ . • . . . . _ . 19'7. 13'

A . . . .

«~

C & Traffic, Jlow I Ba.elock a~autiAp

a.ad.

136 AP,•ti, L I . . . . , . . . u.tac - S.-.ice . . .

aa ..

1.ec1t aertll __.

aaat1.ap.

Octe1Mw. 1968. 137

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H-aYtllock ortb I Aerial View. Septeab I ⁸