Hippocampus Pre-frontal cortex

(1)

 Nucleotides – ability to communicate across vast distances along chromosome

 Maladaptive wiring – lead to mental disorder e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar

Hippocampus

 Housed in temporal lobe

 Responsible for consolidation memory

 Interest in something allows memory to store in cortex

 Septal nucleus release ACh – aids in memory consolidation Damage to:

 Septum, amygdala and hippocampus = Alzheimer’s

 Temporal lobe and hippocampus = epilepsy

 Orbital prefrontal lobe = stroke

 Control ability to control yourself

 Damage result in impulsivity

 Corpus callosum contains all axons and joins the hemispheres

 Thalamus – projects ALL sensory input TO cortex, EXCEPT olfaction

 Basal forebrain – projects to entire cortex o Constant excitability

o Damage lead to Alzheimer’s o Destruction = comatose

(2)

4 LOBES OF THE BRAIN 1) Temporal

a. Higher order visual processing (faces) b. Some auditory processing

2) Occipital

a. Vision input most of cortex b. Contains primary visual cortex c. Receive direct input from thalamus 3) Frontal

4) Parietal

a. Together referred to as main association lobes b. Parietal = between frontal and occipital

c. Midline of the 2 facilitates rumination, extremely active in depression

THE NEURAL TUBE

(3)

upper motor neurons – ANTERIOR to central sulcus arranged in topographical manner

axons project to lower motor neurons and activate muscles

 use reflex text to assess if there is any issues

 no instant reaction = damage to sensory OR motor neurons

(4)

SPINAL CORD SECTION

 Motor neuron – input from upper motor neurons o bodies in VENTRAL horn

o synapse ON MUSCLE

 Sensory neuron – output through dorsal horn o Bodies in DRG (dorsal root ganglion) o Synapse ON LMN (lower motor neurons)

MOTORNEURONES & MUSCLES

 Ventral side – LMN send axon TO muscle

 Dorsal side – sensory send axon FROM muscle (TO spinal cord)